Objective To investigate the accuracy of NGAL in prediction of acute kidney injury (AKI) complicated by sepsis. Methods Blood and urine samples were collected at different time points in 74 sepsis patients, and 17 AKI patients were got from them.Cysteine Cys C levels were detected with Latex enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay (LETIA). Urine NGAL and Scr levels were detected with solid-phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and creatinine enzymatic assay respectively. At the same time, 57 non-AKI patients were set as controls. Dynamic changes of urine NGAL and Scr were observed in sepsis patients in test and control group. ROC curve was used to evaluate the performance of AKI diagnosis by urinary NGAL.Results The Scr base line was (59. 38 ±16. 72) μmol/L.The median time of diagnose of AKI was 24 (12, 48) h past-sepsis diagnosis, while the Scr was(100. 35± 28. 26) μmol/L. Of the group, 17 cases of sepsis were diagnosed with AKI, accounting for 23% (17/74) prevalence. In sepsis group, base line value[(0. 61 ± 0. 15) mg/L] of serum Cys C was not upregulated at 2, 4 and 6 h, which was (0. 63 ± 0. 14) mg/L, (0. 68 ± 0. 16) mg/L and (0.65±0. 14) mg/L respectively. As to 8 h [(0. 85 ± 0. 22) mg/L], a slight upregulation was found with no significant difference (t = 1.63, P ＞ 0. 05).A trend of gradual increase of serum Cys C levels was found in sepsis AKI group at 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h. A significant difference was found compared with base line (t = 2. 81, 2.98, 3.05, 3.11, 3. 38,3. 17,P ＜0.01). NGAL level[(96.21 ±45.32) μg/L] was significantly higher than base line value [(4. 98 ± 1.65) μg/L]. Subsequently, in each time point from the 2 h to 48 h, a trend of gradual increase in urinary NGAL levels was showed. The differences were significant compared with the baseline values (t =2. 74,2. 83,2. 91,3.04,3.15,3.22,3. 31,3.45,3.57 ,P ＜0. 01). Urinary NGAL levels of sepsis AKI group were significantly higher than those in non-AKI group at different time points with significant difference (t =2. 69,2. 73,2. 84,2. 96,3.02,3. 13,3.29,3.43,3.54,3.22,P ＜0. 01). ROC curve was selected to analyze diagnostic performance of urinary NGAL levels in AKI patients 2 h post-sepsis. Area under ROC curve was obtained as 0. 935, 95% confidence interval was 0. 683-0. 971. When cut-off value of urinary NGAL for patients 2 h post-sepsis was 50 μg/L, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 94. 4%, 87. 5% and 96. 8% in AKI diagnosis respectively. Conclusions The occurrence of AKi can be accurately predicted by urinary NGAL levels 2 h post-sepsis , and its AKI diagnosis time is earlier than that of Scr. Urine NGAL can be used as early marker of AKI complicated by sepsis.

In vivo,dendritic cells(DCs)are the most powerful antigen-presenting cells (APCs).DCs based neoplasm immunotherapy has recently become the focus of research.DCs can be used not only as separate cell vaccine to mediate anti-tumor immunity,but can also be combined with cytokines,immune cells,and other methods in tumor immunotherapy. In animal models and clinical trials,DC-based immunotherapy as well as other tumor immunotherapy strategies have gained more significant progress.

This experiment showed that Yiqipingchuan Pills possessed obvious treatment action of cough and asthma,and expectorant action.It could cause a striking increase in the immunity-organ weight and carbon-particle clearance of hypoimmune mice.It was also found that these pills could make the con- centration of serum-hydrocortisone rise and the Vitamin C content in suprarene lower remarkably.

This paper presents the ultrastructrual changes of male rats gonadotrophs at 7, 15, 30, 50 days after cadmium chloride (Cd) injection (2mg/kg). The differences of morphometric parameters of gonadotrophs and plasma value of FSH were revealed by statistics.The results showed that no injured alterations were found in gonadotrophs but appeared castration like features. These changes feature were most prominent after 15 days and then recovered to normal gradually. The main alterations of gonadotrophs were dilatation, and proliferation and decrease in the specific surface of RER as well as there were low density materials in the dilated cisterna. The numerical and volume density of large and small secretion granules were decreased greatly in all of the treatment groups. The variance of diameter of the large and small secretion granules were not conspicuous and the differences of volume and numerical density of the mitochondria among the control and treatment groups were also no significance. The hypertrophy of Golgi complex of the gonadotrophs were very obvious and the number of the gonadotrophs were increased in the Cd treated rats. The plasma value of FSH measurement indicated that the FSH level increased after 7days and the highest value appeared after 15 days. However, it did not return to normal after 50 days. These results suggested that gonadotrophs were not susceptible to Cd. The hypertraphy, hyperplasia and increase in synthesis and secretion of the gonadotrophs resulted from feedback by the effect of Cd induced injury on testes.

Methionine dependence is one of characteristic metabolism deficiency in cancer cells.Recently a series of researches focusing on key enzymes of methionine metabolism demonstrated that several molecular events might relate with cancer cell methionine dependence(i.e.,methionine synthasesingle nucleotide polymorphism,methythioadenosine phophorylasegene deletion,down regulation of thymidylate synthase translation;up regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase expression).Cell apoptosis induced by intracellular signal transduction dysfunction might be another potential mechanism.

Objective To investigate the expression of angiogenin in human hair follicle and evaluate its effect on hair growth. Methods Intact anagen hair follicles were isolated from human occipital scalp ob- tained from brain surgery. Some isolated human hair follicles were directly subjected to RT-PCR and im- munohistochcmical method for the detection of the mRNA expression and protein distribution of angiogenin in, respectively; some were cultured and incubated with angiogenin (0-200 ng/mL), and the measurement of hair follicle length was performed before and after 6-day culture. Human dermal papilla cells were isolated from the remaining hair follicles, cultured, and treated with angiogenin ranging from 0 to 200 ng/mL for 48 hours, then, MTT assay was used to detect the cell proliferation, and flow cytometry to analyze the cell cy- cle. Results RT-PCR showed the mRNA expression of angiogenin in human hair follicles, and angiogenin protein was observed with immunohistochemistry at the hair papilla and dermal sheath. The angiogenin (25-200 ng/mL) stimulated the growth of human hair follicles in a dose-dependent manner in vitro (P < 0.05 ). Also, as flow eytometry revealed, the treatment with 12.5-200 ng/mL of angiogenin significantly pro- moted the proliferation of human dermal papilla cells (P<0.05), and increased the percentage of cells in S phase as well as cell proliferation index (both P<0.05). Conclusion Angiogenin may be a novel stimulus for hair growth.

This assay reviewed the feeding arteries of CHL and summarized the mechanism,technologic method and common embolization agent of interventional therapy,as well as its effect,indications,contraindications and complications.

The ultrastructure and AlP localization of the peritubular tissue of seminiferoustubules in man,rabbits,guinea pigs,rats and mice were observed.Usually,there are three layers of the cell which contains slender and branchcytoplasmic processes in human peritubular tissue.Cells of the inner most layerappear to have the characteristic of myoid cells.The outer layers looked the sameas fibroblasts.The myoid cells are frequently separated by wider intercellular spaces.AlP is localized in the basal lamina,innermost layer of collagenous fibrils zone,cytoplasm and inward plasma membrane of the myoid cells.The ultrastructure of the peritubular tissues of the four rodents are basicallythe same,there are only small differences among them.The myoid cells of rabbit andguinea pig are arranged in one layer and the ends of the adjacent cells may beoverlapped,which have a two-layers appearance.The myoid cells of rat and mouseform just one layer surrounding the tubule.The basal lamina in rabbit appears oneto two layers and in the other three rodents is only one layer.There are tightjunctions,open spaces of 100-200 (?) and wider intercellular spaces between theadjacent myoid cells in these four rodents.The AlP is localized in the basal lamina,inner non-cellular layer,cytoplasm and inward plasma membrane of the myoid cellsas well as endothelial cells of lymphatic sinusoid of all four rodents,but theowtward plasma membrane of myoid cells and outer non-cellular layer have theAlP only in guinea pig,rat,and mouse not in the rabbit.The physiological significance of the peritubular tissue and AlP enzymic sheathwere discussed.

The 2450 MHz microwave irradiation was applied to the scrotal area of the rabbit and the temperature of the scrotal skin was maintained to 41—42℃ for 20 minutes. Ultrastructural alterations of the mucosa and muscularis of the seminal vesicles were studied by transmission electron microscopy at different intervals from 1 hour to 45 days after treatment. Both the principal cells and the smooth muscle cells were sensitive to microwave irradiation. Ultrastructural changes were detected in a few principal cells and smooth muscle cells after 1 hour. Later, the degeneration became serious 3 to 7 days following exposure, but appeared to be alleviated after 45 days. The main alterations in principal cells were dilatation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and Gelgi complex, many myelin figures and accumulation of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm, swelling of microvilli and degeneration of nuclei. There were many vacuoles and myelin figures in the degenerative smooth muscle cells. Some basal cells also underwent degeneration. In addition, thickening and irregular infolding of the lamina propria were noted. The significance of the effects of microwave on the seminal vesicles was discussed.

Objective To observe the morphological changes of hairs in two patients with loose anagen hair syndrome.Methods Light microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the morphology of hair shaft and follicles from two patients,including a 3-year-old girl child and her mother,with loose anagen hair syndrome.Results Light microscopy revealed that hair bulb was deformed,hair shaft was distorted,damaged,and even disrupted,and hairs tapered in diameter at their distal end.Scanning electron microscopy showed deformed or distorted hair shaft and wave-like edge of hair cuticles.Transmission electron microscopy revealed that pathological changes were mainly localized in the inner root sheath with vacuolization in both inner and outer root sheath cells.Intercellular adhesion was weak with a decrease or disappearance of desmosomes.Conclusion The pathological changes of hairs are mainly localized in the inner root sheath in patients with loose anagen hair syndrome.