Objective To investigate the accuracy of NGAL in prediction of acute kidney injury (AKI) complicated by sepsis. Methods Blood and urine samples were collected at different time points in 74 sepsis patients, and 17 AKI patients were got from them.Cysteine Cys C levels were detected with Latex enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay (LETIA). Urine NGAL and Scr levels were detected with solid-phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and creatinine enzymatic assay respectively. At the same time, 57 non-AKI patients were set as controls. Dynamic changes of urine NGAL and Scr were observed in sepsis patients in test and control group. ROC curve was used to evaluate the performance of AKI diagnosis by urinary NGAL.Results The Scr base line was (59. 38 ±16. 72) μmol/L.The median time of diagnose of AKI was 24 (12, 48) h past-sepsis diagnosis, while the Scr was(100. 35± 28. 26) μmol/L. Of the group, 17 cases of sepsis were diagnosed with AKI, accounting for 23% (17/74) prevalence. In sepsis group, base line value[(0. 61 ± 0. 15) mg/L] of serum Cys C was not upregulated at 2, 4 and 6 h, which was (0. 63 ± 0. 14) mg/L, (0. 68 ± 0. 16) mg/L and (0.65±0. 14) mg/L respectively. As to 8 h [(0. 85 ± 0. 22) mg/L], a slight upregulation was found with no significant difference (t = 1.63, P ＞ 0. 05).A trend of gradual increase of serum Cys C levels was found in sepsis AKI group at 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h. A significant difference was found compared with base line (t = 2. 81, 2.98, 3.05, 3.11, 3. 38,3. 17,P ＜0.01). NGAL level[(96.21 ±45.32) μg/L] was significantly higher than base line value [(4. 98 ± 1.65) μg/L]. Subsequently, in each time point from the 2 h to 48 h, a trend of gradual increase in urinary NGAL levels was showed. The differences were significant compared with the baseline values (t =2. 74,2. 83,2. 91,3.04,3.15,3.22,3. 31,3.45,3.57 ,P ＜0. 01). Urinary NGAL levels of sepsis AKI group were significantly higher than those in non-AKI group at different time points with significant difference (t =2. 69,2. 73,2. 84,2. 96,3.02,3. 13,3.29,3.43,3.54,3.22,P ＜0. 01). ROC curve was selected to analyze diagnostic performance of urinary NGAL levels in AKI patients 2 h post-sepsis. Area under ROC curve was obtained as 0. 935, 95% confidence interval was 0. 683-0. 971. When cut-off value of urinary NGAL for patients 2 h post-sepsis was 50 μg/L, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 94. 4%, 87. 5% and 96. 8% in AKI diagnosis respectively. Conclusions The occurrence of AKi can be accurately predicted by urinary NGAL levels 2 h post-sepsis , and its AKI diagnosis time is earlier than that of Scr. Urine NGAL can be used as early marker of AKI complicated by sepsis.

In vivo,dendritic cells(DCs)are the most powerful antigen-presenting cells (APCs).DCs based neoplasm immunotherapy has recently become the focus of research.DCs can be used not only as separate cell vaccine to mediate anti-tumor immunity,but can also be combined with cytokines,immune cells,and other methods in tumor immunotherapy. In animal models and clinical trials,DC-based immunotherapy as well as other tumor immunotherapy strategies have gained more significant progress.

Methionine dependence is one of characteristic metabolism deficiency in cancer cells.Recently a series of researches focusing on key enzymes of methionine metabolism demonstrated that several molecular events might relate with cancer cell methionine dependence(i.e.,methionine synthasesingle nucleotide polymorphism,methythioadenosine phophorylasegene deletion,down regulation of thymidylate synthase translation;up regulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase expression).Cell apoptosis induced by intracellular signal transduction dysfunction might be another potential mechanism.

This experiment showed that Yiqipingchuan Pills possessed obvious treatment action of cough and asthma,and expectorant action.It could cause a striking increase in the immunity-organ weight and carbon-particle clearance of hypoimmune mice.It was also found that these pills could make the con- centration of serum-hydrocortisone rise and the Vitamin C content in suprarene lower remarkably.

This paper presents the ultrastructrual changes of male rats gonadotrophs at 7, 15, 30, 50 days after cadmium chloride (Cd) injection (2mg/kg). The differences of morphometric parameters of gonadotrophs and plasma value of FSH were revealed by statistics.The results showed that no injured alterations were found in gonadotrophs but appeared castration like features. These changes feature were most prominent after 15 days and then recovered to normal gradually. The main alterations of gonadotrophs were dilatation, and proliferation and decrease in the specific surface of RER as well as there were low density materials in the dilated cisterna. The numerical and volume density of large and small secretion granules were decreased greatly in all of the treatment groups. The variance of diameter of the large and small secretion granules were not conspicuous and the differences of volume and numerical density of the mitochondria among the control and treatment groups were also no significance. The hypertrophy of Golgi complex of the gonadotrophs were very obvious and the number of the gonadotrophs were increased in the Cd treated rats. The plasma value of FSH measurement indicated that the FSH level increased after 7days and the highest value appeared after 15 days. However, it did not return to normal after 50 days. These results suggested that gonadotrophs were not susceptible to Cd. The hypertraphy, hyperplasia and increase in synthesis and secretion of the gonadotrophs resulted from feedback by the effect of Cd induced injury on testes.

Objective To observe the morphological changes of hairs in two patients with loose anagen hair syndrome.Methods Light microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the morphology of hair shaft and follicles from two patients,including a 3-year-old girl child and her mother,with loose anagen hair syndrome.Results Light microscopy revealed that hair bulb was deformed,hair shaft was distorted,damaged,and even disrupted,and hairs tapered in diameter at their distal end.Scanning electron microscopy showed deformed or distorted hair shaft and wave-like edge of hair cuticles.Transmission electron microscopy revealed that pathological changes were mainly localized in the inner root sheath with vacuolization in both inner and outer root sheath cells.Intercellular adhesion was weak with a decrease or disappearance of desmosomes.Conclusion The pathological changes of hairs are mainly localized in the inner root sheath in patients with loose anagen hair syndrome.

This assay reviewed the feeding arteries of CHL and summarized the mechanism,technologic method and common embolization agent of interventional therapy,as well as its effect,indications,contraindications and complications.

Objective To invetigate the application value of antigen‐antibody joint detection in increasing the detection rate of hepatitis C infection in the patients with hemodialysis .Methods The clinical data of 100 cases of hemodialysis were collected .Hep‐atitis C virus(HCV) core antigen ,HCV antibody and HCV‐RNA were detected by adopting ELISA ,Chemiluminescence and RT‐PCR respectively .The positive expression situation of each detection item in the same specimen was performed statistics .The detec‐tion rates of RNA positive specimen were compared among the single antigen detection ,single antibody detection and joint detection schemes ;at the same time the antigen level of antigen positive specimens ant its RNA copy number were performed the correlation analysis .The antibody levels in the positive antibody specimens were compared between the RNA positive group and the RNA neg‐ative group .Results The single antigen or single antibody detection could cause the missed detection of HCV infection in hemodial‐ysis patients .For the specimens of positive RNA ,the joint detection had the highest detection rate (P<0 .05) ,the antigen level in the antigen positive specimens was positively correlated with the RNA copy number in the corresponding specimens (r=0 .85 ,P<0 .05) ,while the antibody level in the antibody positive specimens had no statistical difference between the RNA positive group and the RNA negative group(P>0 .05) .Conclusion The joint detection of HCV antigen antibody can effectively increase the detection rate of hepatitis C infection in hemodialysis patients .At the same time the HCV core antigen detection also can be used as one of monitoring indicators for the HCV re -infection in the patients with antibody positive .

Objective To investigate the expression of angiogenin in human hair follicle and evaluate its effect on hair growth. Methods Intact anagen hair follicles were isolated from human occipital scalp ob- tained from brain surgery. Some isolated human hair follicles were directly subjected to RT-PCR and im- munohistochcmical method for the detection of the mRNA expression and protein distribution of angiogenin in, respectively; some were cultured and incubated with angiogenin (0-200 ng/mL), and the measurement of hair follicle length was performed before and after 6-day culture. Human dermal papilla cells were isolated from the remaining hair follicles, cultured, and treated with angiogenin ranging from 0 to 200 ng/mL for 48 hours, then, MTT assay was used to detect the cell proliferation, and flow cytometry to analyze the cell cy- cle. Results RT-PCR showed the mRNA expression of angiogenin in human hair follicles, and angiogenin protein was observed with immunohistochemistry at the hair papilla and dermal sheath. The angiogenin (25-200 ng/mL) stimulated the growth of human hair follicles in a dose-dependent manner in vitro (P < 0.05 ). Also, as flow eytometry revealed, the treatment with 12.5-200 ng/mL of angiogenin significantly pro- moted the proliferation of human dermal papilla cells (P<0.05), and increased the percentage of cells in S phase as well as cell proliferation index (both P<0.05). Conclusion Angiogenin may be a novel stimulus for hair growth.

Cytokines may play an important role in the development of IgA Nephropathy(IgAN). In this study, the levels of Interleukin—6(IL—6)activity in the urine and serum from 21 patients with IgAN were measured by using IL—6 dependent cell line, 7TD. IL—6 activities were detectable in both urine and serum in patients with IgAN(IL—6 detectable rate 47.6% and 25% respectively), while it was undetectable in normal volunteers. There was no correlationship between urinary and serum IL—6 activities. Also, we found that patients with elevated urinary IL—6 activity had heavy proteinuria and severe glomerular and tubular—interstitial histological changes. The results suggest that the measurement of IL—6 is useful in evaluating the degree of glomerular and interstitial damage in patients with IgAN.