Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare maligant tumor.The main clinical symptoms are primary hyperparathyroidism and all kinds of metabolism disorder and the damage of homologous tissues and organs.The consummate laboratory examination and the accurate imaging localization and the credible histopathologic feature are key points to diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma.Parathyroid carcinoma is unsensitive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy,and en bloc resection of the carcinoma is the preferred treatment approach.AntiPTH immunization as a new treatment of parathyroid carcinoma has been paid close attention.The prognosis of parathyroid carcinoma is mainly depended on whether the tumor was cut off completely and the control as well as the monitor of the symptomatic hypercalcemian after operation.This article reviews the latest researches and introduces the latest advancement in the diagnosis and treatment of parathyroid carcinoma.

Computed tomography (CT) has become a very important method for preoperative examination for hilar cholangiocarcinoma.In this article,the multidetector helical CT findings of 20 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma who were confirmed by surgical pathological examination or biopsy in the Ruijin Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University from September 2010 to September 2012 were retrospectively analyzed to investigate the value of muhidetector helical CT in the diagnosis and resectability evaluation of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.All the 20 patients received dynamic contrast enhanced CT scanning after abdominal plain scanning,including arterial phase and portal venous phase scanning.Six patients received additional delayed phase scanning for 3-4 minutes.Muhi-phase reconstruction (MPR) and CT angiography were performed after the scanning.The location and sizes of lesious,the range of invasion of adjacent vessels,swelling of lymph nodes of hilar and retroperitoneum,and hepatic metastasis were recorded.The results showed that only 8 lesions were found on CT plain scanning,and they were presented as hypodense nodules.All lesions were showed on contrast enhanced images.Five cases with infiltrating type were showed as focal wall thickness of hilar bile duct,ringlike enhancement appeared on arterial phase scanning,and the enhancement was more apparent in portal venous and delayed phasc scanning.Eight cases with intraductal growing type demonstrated as intraductal nodules,obvious enhancement was detected on delayed phase scanning,and the dilation of intrahepatic bile duct was also found.Seven cases of tumoral type showed as mass located in hilar region and involved adjacent vessels and partial hepatic parenchyma.Diffused or local dilation of bile duct could be seen on CT images.Combination of 2and 3-dimensional reconstruction images can show more clearly of hilar cholangiocarcinoma lesions,invasion of hepatic arery or portal vein,segmental atrophy and metastasis of lymph nodes and liver.One-stop CT examination combined with axial multiphase dynamic contrast enhanced scanning with MPR and CT angiography of multidetector helical CT can clearly show the lesions of hilar cholangiocarcinoma,improve the preoperative tumor staging and help to design the surgical treatment.

Objective To investigate the CT presenting rate and features of gastric bare area (GBA, including the area posterior to GBA and the adipose tissue in the gastrophrenic ligament) without pathologic changes.Methods Thirty cases with superior peritoneal ascites, but without pathological involvement of GBA were included into the study to show the normal condition of GBA, including the presenting rate and CT features. We selected some cases with GBA invasion by inflammation or neoplasm to observe their CT features. Results All cases with superior peritoneal ascites showed the GBA against the contrast of ascites with the presenting rate of 100%. The GBA appeared at the level of gastric esophageal conjunction and completely disappeared at the level of hepato duodenal ligament and Winslow’s foramen. The maximum scope of GBA presented at the level of the sagital part of the left portal vein with mean right to left distance of (4.39? 0.08 )cm (3.8～5.7 cm) (distance between the left and right layer of the gastrophrenic ligament). In acute pancreatitis, the width of GBA increased, in which local hypo density area could be seen. In gastric leiomyosarcoma invading GBA, the mass could not separate from the crus of the diaphragm. In lymphoma and metastasis invading GBA, the thickness of GBA increased and the density was heterogeneous, in which lymph nodes presenting as small nodes or fused mass. Conclusion The results of this study show that it is helpful to use contrast enhanced spiral CT scanning to observe the change of GBA and to diagnose retroperitoneal abnormalities that involving GBA comprehensively and accurately.

Objective To explore the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the display of detailed anatomical structures at the pancreaticobiliary junction. Methods 112 patients who received enhanced MRI of upper abdomen were included in the study. Patients with pancreatic and/or biliary diseases diagnosed clinically and with laboratory tests were excluded. The types of junction between the terminal common bile duct and the pancreatic duct, and the location of the major duodenal papilla were studied on MRI. We measured the angle between the duodenum and the common pancreaticobiliary duct or the common bile duct. Results Of the 112 patients, the duodenal papillas were located at the upper, middle, and lower segment of the duodenum in 17. 0%, 66. 0% and 17. 0%, respectively.The angle between the common pancreaticobiliary duct or the distal common bile duct and the descending duodenum was 44. 4°±17. 3°. The pancreatic duct and the common bile duct opened separately in 9 patients (8. 0%). The confluence of the two ducts was present inside and outside of the duodenum wall in 13 (11. 6%) and 90 patients (80. 4%), respectively. The angle between the distal common bile duct and the pancreatic duct was 37. 8°±15.1°. Conclusion MRI was able to display detailed anatomical structures of the pancreaticobiliary junction, including the angle of the junction between the two ducts and the location of the duodenal papilla. It has the ability to provide meticulous anatomical data for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases at the pancreaticobiliary junction and to help surgeons formulate operative plans.

Objective To investigate the imaging features of malignant invasion of major intrahepatic ductal structures (the portal and hepatic venous vasculature, the bilie duct) by primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using multi-detector-row spiral CT (MDCT). Methods We retrospectively analyzed 68 documented HCC patients with tumorous invasion of the major intrahepatic ductal structures who had undergone contrast-enhanced dual-phase MDCT scanning of the upper abdomen.The morphological changes of the portal and hepatic venous vasculature, the bile duct, and the liver parenchyma at both the hepatic arterial phase and portal venous phase images were carefully observed and recorded. Results Among the 68 patients, 47 patients had malignant invasion of the intrahepatic portal venous vessels with secondary tumor thrombus formation; 12 patients had tumor involvement of the hepatic veins and intraheptic segment of the inferior vena cava; Tumor invasion of the bile duct was seen in 9 patents. The direct CT signs of tumor invasion of intrahepatic venous vessels included: ①dilatation or enlargement of the involved vein with intraluminal soft-tissue “filling defect”; ②enhancement of the tumor thrombus at hepatic arterial phase, the so-called “venous arterialization” phenomenon. The indirect CT signs included: ①arterial-venous shunt, ②early and heterogeneous enhancement of the hepatic parenchyma adjacent to HCC focus, ③cavernous transformation of the portal vein. The CT signs suggesting tumor invasion of the bile duct included: ①dilation of the bile ducts near or proximal to HCC lesion, ②soft-tissue nodule or mass inside the bile ducts. Conclusion Invasion of major intrahepatic ductal structures by HCC will present corresponding CT imaging features. Contrast-enhanced MDCT dual-phase scanning combined with appropriate image post-processing techniques can better evaluate the malignant invasion of major intrahepatic ductal structures.

Objective To find up a suitable beginning scan time so that to assure the image quantity during CTA of brain.Methods 30volunteers were checked by heart colour sonography first,then CTA at earlier stage was done,when the density in basilar artery high up to120 HU,that time was regarded the time as beginning scan time,the relative curve between beginning scan time and ejection fraction(EF) was drew,according to this relative curve,34 patients were examined by CTA,the displaying situation of vessel was evaluated comparatively with DSA in part of patients.Results According to this method,the successful rate of CTA in patient’s group was 100%,the trunk of brain vessel and its 1~3 level branch were showed in 100%,the 4~5 level branch of middle cerebal artery showed in 94.1%(32/34).Conclusion According to EF of heart to determine the beginning scan time of CTA is practical,that the image quantity of CTA can be assured.

Objective:To study B cells proliferation and activation induced by tumor derived-autophagosomes ( TDA). Methods:Splenocytes of mice were incubated with 10μg/ml TDAs in vitro ( with the 10μg/ml whole cell lysate as the control).At the 3rd day,the expression of MHCⅠ,Ⅱand co-stimulate molecules including CD86,CD40 were detected by flow cytometry,and B cells proliferation was detected at the 5th day.B cells were selected from spleen of mice using anti-CD43 dynabeads,and incubated with 10μg/ml TDA in vitro ( with the same concentrated whole tumor cell lysate as the control).At the 7th day,IgM in the supernatant were tested by ELISA.Results:When compared with whole cell lysate stimulated B cells,TDA efficently stimulated B cells division in vitro ( TDA group:28.6%, Whole cell lysate group:4.4%) , and significantly up-regulated the expression of MHC class Ⅰ,Ⅱ and co-stimulatory molecules (CD86 and CD40) on B cells,and enhanced the levels of total IgM secretion in vitro.Conclusion:Tumor-derived autophagosomes ( TDA) ,as a vacuole antigen vector, could stimulate B cells proliferation, activation, and increased IgM secretion in vitro.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of bevacizumab combined with docetaxel in treatment of advanced cervix cancer.Methods Seventy-five patients with advanced cervix cancer accepted in our hospital from April 2011 to April 2016 were selected and divided into observation group with 43 cases and control group with 32 cases according to different treatment methods.Patients in control group were given docetaxel,and patients in observation group were combined with bevacizumab on the basis of control group.The clinical efficacy,adverse reactions,life quality and pharmacoeconomics of two groups were observed and compared.Results The total efficacy and clinical control rate of observation group were all higher than control group with statistically significance (P ＜ 0.05).The adverse reaction rate of two groups had no difference.Total efficacy of life quality improvement was 83.72％,which was obviously higher than control group 62.50％ with statistically significance (P ＜ 0.05).The average cost of observation group was (83 ± 10) thousands,of control group was (18± 6) thousands.The cost of observation group was obviously higher than control group with statistically significance (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Using bevacizumab combined with docetaxel in treatment of advanced cervix cancer has better effect clinical but costs much than docetaxel.We should set on treatment according to patients' own situation.

OBJECTIVE:To study the lifespan effect of ethyl acetate extract from Polygonum multiflora(EPM)on caenorhab-ditis elegans,and to investigate its anti-aging effect. METHODS:EPM low-concentration,medium-concentration and high- concen-tration groups(25,37.5,50 mg/L,calculated by crude drug)and blank group(0 mg/L)were established to investigate the effects of EPM on the lifespan of caenorhabditis elegans. EPM group(37.5 mg/L)and blank group(0 mg/L)were established to perform re-productive test,acute heat stress test and acute oxidative stress test of caenorhabditis elegans. The effects of EPM on reproductive capacity and pressure stress of caenorhabditis elegans were investigated. RESULTS:The lifespan test,average lifespan of cae-norhabditis elegans in EPM low-concentration,medium-concentration and high-concentration groups were prolonged significantly, compared to blank group(P<0.05 or P<0.01),especially in EPM medium-concentration group. In reproductive test,the number of offspring of caenorhabditis elegans in EPM group on the second and third day were increased significantly,compared to blank group (P<0.05). In acute heat stress test and acute oxidative stress test,average survival time of caenorhabditis elegans in EPM group was prolonged significantly(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:37.5 mg/L EPM can retard the aging process of caenorhabditis ele-gans and doesn’t damage the reproductive capacity.

The combination of Danggui and Honghua (GH) is a popular herb pair commonly used in clinic for the treatment of blood stasis syndrome in China. To evaluate the activating blood circulation and dissipating blood stasis effects of the combination of different proportions of Danggui and Honghua on acute blood stasis rats, and optimize the proportion of GH to have the best activating blood circulation and dissipating blood stasis effect. Acute blood stasis rat model was induced by subcutaneous injection of adrenaline and ice water bath. The blood stasis rats were administrated intragastrically with GH (1 : 0, 4 : 1, 2 : 1, 3 : 2, 1 : 1, 2 : 3, 1: 2, 1 : 4 and 0 : 1) extracts. The whole blood viscosity (WBV), plasma viscosity (PV), and high shear whole blood relative index (HSWBRI), low shear whole blood relative index (LSWBRI), and erythrocyte aggregation index (EAI) were tested to observe the effects of GH on hemorheology of blood stasis rats. And the maximum aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was tested to observe the effect of GH on platelet aggregation index of blood stasis rats. In addition, the prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and plasma fibrinogen (FIB) were tested to observe the effects of GH on blood coagulation function of blood stasis rats. Then principal component analysis and multi-attribute comprehensive index methods were both used to comprehensively evaluate the total activating blood circulation and dissipating blood stasis effects of GH. The results showed that the hemorheological indexes and coagulation parameters of model group both had significant differences with normal group. Compared with model group, GH (1 : 0, 4 : 1, 2: 1, 3 : 2, 1 : 1, 2 : 3, 1 : 2, 1 : 4 and 0 : 1) could improve all the blood hemorheology indexes and regulate part indexes of blood coagulation function and platelet aggregation in acute blood stasis rats. Based on principal component analysis and multi-attribute comprehensive index methods, GH 1 : 1 and GH 3 : 2 both had the best effect of blood circulation and dissipating blood stasis, and the effect of GH 1 : 1 was slightly better than GH 3 : 2. These results suggest that GH could obviously ameliorate the abnormality of hemorheology and blood coagulation function in acute blood stasis rats. The optimized proportion of GH was consistent with regulations of medicine usage that GH 1 : 1 had the highest frequency used in traditional Chinese formulae. It could provide scientific basis for more effective application of the compatibility between Danggui and Honghua in modern clinic medicine.