The expression mode in presentations may affect the efficiency during the teaching. In this study, we used a random-controlled trial to compare the educational efficiency in three different expression modes: script, pictures, animation. Test scores and questionnaire survey were statistically analyzed. It showed that the presentations with animation led to the highest average test score of the students. Visual objects could attract students' interest, enhance memory, and academic achievement. A proper insert of visual objects in teaching presentation is encouraged in the education of medical neurobiology for those medical students.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the influence of hypoglycemic combined with lipid-lowering statin therapy on lipid profile of mixed dyslipidemia patients with T2DM and TG in 2.3-4.5 mmol/L. METHODS:In total of 80 patients with T2DM and mixed dyslip-idemia of TG in 2.3-4.5 mmol/L in our hospital was determined according to the patient’s age,chronic complications of diabetes and life expectancy. Hypoglycemic(insulin joint oral hypoglycemic drugs,or oral antidiabetic drug alone)treatment was given according to corresponding target,meanwhile statin lipid-lowering therapy was also given. HbA1c,TG,TC,HDL-C and LDL-C were determined and BMI was calculated before treatment. Alipid was reviewed after two weeks,then the difference was compared. RESULTS:Com-pared with before treatment,TG,TC and LDL-C were decreased by 50.28%,42.91% and 44.37% after hypoglycemic combined with lipid-lowering statin therapy,with significant difference(P<0.01). Insulin was the better choice to reduce the level of TG,there was significant difference between insulin treatment and oral hypoglycemic drugs alone (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:For T2DM patients with mixed dyslipidemia of TG between 2.3-4.5 mmol/L,hypoglycemic combined with lipid-lowering statin therapy can not only signifi-cantly reduce the levels of TG,TC,LDL-C and TG to 2.3 mmol/L or less,and even normal. Compared with oral hypoglycemic drugs alone,the compliance rate of TG was higher in the combination of insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs.

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression change of cathepsin B (CathB) in the ventroposterior nucleus (VPN) of the ipsilateral thalamus after cortical infarction in rats.MethodsThe adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into either a sham operation group or a model group.The latter was further divided into postoperative 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 8-week groups.A model of cerebral cortical infarction was induced by electrocoagulation the cortical branch of middle cerebral artery.Immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence were used to detect the protein expression and cellular localization of CathB in the VPN at each time point.ResultsThe expression level of VPN CathB in thalamus increased gradually after cerebral cortical infarction.It reached the peak at 4 weeks, and decreased at 8 weeks, however it was still higher than the control group (all P<0.05).The release of CathB from the lysosomes into the cytoplasm were found.In addition, the expression level of CathB in the activated astrocytes was significantly increased at 3 weeks after cerebral cortical infarction.ConclusionsDuring 1-8 week after cerebral cortex infarction, CathB in the VPN of the ipsilateral thalamus maintained higher expression level, suggesting that it might play a certain role in secondary degeneration in the thalamus after cerebral cortical infarction.

Objective To explore the role of Kv channel interacting protein 1(KChIP1)in the process of epileptic seizure and the relationship between KChIP1 and gamma-aminobutyric acid-(GABA)ergic neurons.Methods Normal female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with pentylenetetrazole to make acute pentylenetetrazole models of epilepsy.Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope(LSCM)combined with double-labeled immunohistochemical technique was applied to observe the expression of the KChIP1 and the GABAergic neurons in the hippocampus of rats.Results The number of KChIP1-postive neurons in the hippocampus was significantly increased in the acute pentylenetetrazole model rats(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the number of double-labled neurons(P>0.05),nor of the GABA-postive neurons between the model rats and the controls.The ratio of double-labeled neurons/total positive neurons was 63.9% in the hippocampus.Conclusion The KChIP1 might be involved in epileptogenesis of pentylenetetrazole induced seizure.The KChIP1 was associated with GABAergic neurons,whereas it may be functionally different from GABA.

Objective To study the curative effect and prognosis of malignant pleural effusion treated by staphylotoxoid injection and its effect on immune system.Methods A total of 65 patients with malignant pleural effusion from August 2012 to 2014 November in Lishui City Central Hospital were selected,and divided into observation group(n=33) and control group (n=32) in terms of different treating methods,two groups were implemented with thoracic closed drainage to drain pleural effusion up.The observation group was completely drained after 2 500 U intrapleural injection of staphylotoxoid injection,the control group to the traditonal method of bleomycin 1 mg/kg injection.The efficacy,prognosis and immune system were compared.Results The effective of rate of the observation group was significantly higher(72.7%) than the control group(43.8%);the adverse reaction rate of observation group was lower and its median survival time was longer;white blood cells counts of observation group was significantly more than control group ( P<0.05).Conclusion Compared with the traditional method of bleomycin intrapleural injection treatment of malignant pleural effusion, staphylotoxoid injection can be more effective control of the disease , reduce adverse reactions, and can improve their immunity and improve the body tolerance .

Objective To investigate whether the amount of blood transfusion affects the lengths of stay (LOS),costs,and outcomes of hospital patients or not,and to prepare for the execution of patient blood management.Methods The data of hospital patients,who had been administrated with blood in our hospital during 2016,were collected.And the influence of blood transfusion volume on LOS,costs and outcomes of patients was analyzed retrospectively.Results LOS,costs and outcomes of patients vary significantly with the amount of blood transfusion (P＜0.01).There were positive correlations between the total amount of blood transfusion and LOS,costs,and outcomes of patients.The Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.317,0.497,0.290,respectively (P＜0.01).Plasma preparation transfusion volume has a great influence on LOS,costs,and outcomes than red blood cell (P＜0.05).The transfusion volume of death patients was significantly higher than that of the survival (P＜0.01).In particular,the amount of transfused plasma and precipitation was distinctly higher than that in death patients(P＜0.01).Conclusion Blood transfusion volume affects LOS,costs and outcomes of hospital patients.The administration of plasma preparations should deserve more attention.

Objective To investigate the effects of erythropoietin (EPO) on myocardial apoptosis and protein kinase B (AKT) expression in rats of chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods Thirty male adult SD rats were randomly divided into two groups, sham-operated (Sham) group (n=6) and model (Model) group (n=24). The abdominal aortic coarctation was used to build CHF model. Sixteen survived rats after operation were randomly divided into two groups including EPO group and con-trol (Control) group. EPO group was received 3 000 U/kg EPO intraperitoneal injection 3 times/week for 4 weeks, and Sham group and Control group were received same volume of normal saline. The echocardiography was used to evaluate cardiac function after 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks of treatment. After 12 weeks, all rats were sacrificed after 24 h fasting. The cell morphology and myocardial apoptosis were observed, and apoptosis index (AI) was calculated. Myocardial P-AKT/AKT pro-tein expression was detected by Western blot assay. Results Echocardiography showed that ventricular hypertrophy was found in model group after four weeks, heart failure 8 weeks. Compared with Control group, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was significantly higher after EPO intervention for 4 weeks (P < 0.05), systolic interventricular septum thickness (IVSs), end-systolic left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWs), diastolic interventricular septum thickness (IVSd), af-ter left ventricular end-diastolic wall thickness (LVPWd) were significantly lower (P<0.05). The value of AI was significant-ly lower in EPO group than that of Control group (23.87%±1.45%vs 35.58%±2.81%, P<0.01). The OD value of P-AKT/AKT was significantly decreased in Control group (0.35±0.06) than that of Sham group (0.81±0.17), the value was significant-ly increased in EPO group (1.61±0.16) than that of Control group (P<0.01). Conclusion EPO can improve heart function, inhibit myocardial apoptosis,and promote pro-phosphorylation of AKT in rats with chronic heart failure.

OBJECTIVE To investigate risk factors of bloodstream infection in ICU.METHODS From May 2007 to Aug 2007,the operation of central venous catheter and the medical attendance of 24 cases with bloodstream infection were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS Fifteen cases with infection(62.5%) were found in 7 days;ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae,Enterobacter,and Acinetobacter baumannii were the major pathogens.The major risk factors included severe underlying diseases,endovascular catheter operation and incorrect asepsis barrier.CONCLUSIONS The patients are severe in ICU.In order to control and prevent infection in ICU,effective measures should be taken,including taking strict aseptic treatment in central venous catheter and the medical attendance of catheters,and strengthen hygiene administration.

ObjectiveTo investigate and compare the behavioral changes, neuron loss of hippocampus and mossy fiber sprouting between pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) model and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindling model in rats.MethodsAfter two different epilepsy models were made, Vedio was adopted to observe the behavioral changes. Nissl staining and Neo-timms' staining were separately used to observe and compare the neuron loss of hippocampus and mossy fiber sprouting in the dentate gyrus (DG) at different time points during epileptogenisis.ResultsNo recurrent spontaneous seizure, no neuron loss and no mossy fiber sprouting were found in PTZ kindling model; whereas obvious neuron loss was found in CA1, CA3 of hippocampus and hilus of DG, and mossy fiber sprouting were found in pilocarpine model in parallel with recurrent spontaneous seizures. ConclusionPTZ kindling model resembles absence epilepsy in human, while pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus model resembles chronic temporal epilepsy in human. Neuron loss and mossy fiber sprouting may play an important role in epileptogenisis. Pilocarpine-induced epilepsy model can be regarded as an ideal chronic temporal epilepsy model.

Objective To investigate the action mechanism of an anti-photosensitivity mixture on skin photodamage. Methods Twenty-eight BLAB/c mice were divided into 4 groups, i.e., normal control group,treatment group, negative and positive control groups; the last three groups were irradiated with a single dose of UVB at 300 mJ/cm2 after 7-day pretreatment with sodium chloride physiological solution, anti-photosensitivity mixture, and hydroxychloroquine, respectively. Twenty-four hours after the irradiation, mice were killed and skin tissue samples were obtained at the irradiated sites. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and immunohistochemical staining were carried out to detect cell apoptosis,Fas and Caspase-3 protein expressions respectively. Results An increase was observed in the expression level of Fas and Caspase-3 and in the apoptotic index in keratinocytes from UV-irradiated mice compared with unirradiated control mice (all P ＜ 0.01 ). In comparison with sodium chloride physiological solution, the antiphotosensitivity mixture suppressed the UV irradiation-induced increase in the expression intensity of Fas and Caspase-3 and apoptotic index in keratinocytes (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ). Conclusions The anti-photosensitivity mixture could alleviate UV-induced inflammatory damage to and apoptosis in epidermal keratinocytes, likely by regulating cell apoptosis and Caspase-3 pathway.