Objective To compare the differences of salivary alpha(α) amylase (sAA) activity and its activity ratio from the sali‐va before and after citric acid stimulation and approach the correlations among sAA activity determined by the methods of iodine‐starch ,Bernfeld and EPS‐G7 velocity respectively .Methods Ten saliva samples were collected from five healthy volunteers before and after citric acid stimulation .Their activities were determined three times by the three methods ,and the variation coefficient (CV) of sAA activity and activity ratio were calculated .Moreover ,correlation among sAA activities determined by the three meth‐ods were analyzed .Results The significant differences (P< 0 .05) were found in sAA activity and total CV from three determined methods ,and sAA activity and total CV by the method of EPS‐G7 velocity were minimum .There were no significant differences (P> 0 .05) in sAA activities ratio and its CV ;Significant correlation was found between sAA activity determined by random two of three methods(P < 0 .05) ,and their correlation coefficients were above 0 .96 .Conclusion The sAA activity data determined by three methods could be transformed each other by regression equation ,and determined precision by the method of EPS‐G7 velocity is highest ,and data processing method of sAA activity ratio could decrease differences among CV from three methods .

Objective To compare the operative and conservative treatments for senile dens fractures of Anderson-D Alonzo type Ⅱ or Ⅲ using Meta-analysis.Methods A literature search was conducted in PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Wanfang Data and CNKI for studies on senile dens fractures of Anderson-D Alonzo type Ⅱ or Ⅲ from the earliest records through June 2016.The relative studies identified were screened by 2 independent authors.The quality of these articles was evaluated using modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale,and the meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3.Results A total of 22 articles were brought into this Meta-analysis.The union rate was significantly higher in the operative group than in the conservative group[OR =0.30,95％ CI(0.20,0.44),P ＜ 0.001];the mortality in the operative group was significantly lower than in the conservative group[OR =0.61,95％ CI (0.39,0.96),P=0.03];the complication rate was similar in both groups[OR=1.09,95％ CI(0.76,1.57),P ＜ 0.46].The heterogeneity of all the 3 indexes was low.In the subgroup analysis,the union rate was significantly higher in posterior operations than in anterior operations or conservative treatments (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion For the elderly patients with dens fracture of type Ⅱ or Ⅲ who can tolerate surgery,operative treatment may be more suitable because it can lead to much better prognosis.

Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of intra-articular injection of triptolide nanomaterials on rabbit antigen-induced knee arthritis.Methods:Twenty-seven New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups. After antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) model were induced, the knee joints of triptolide nanomaterials (TPNA) group, triptolide (TP) group and betamethasone (BS) group were injected intra-articularly under ultrasound guidance with triptolide nanomaterials, triptolide and betamethasone respectively, 7 rabbits in each group. And the other 6 rabbits were punctured but not injected with any drugs as the control group. The pathological changes of joint swelling, synovitis and bone erosion were examined. Student's test, repeated measure data of analysis of variance (ANOVA), Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal- Wallis test were used for statistical analysis. Results:① Before treatment, the knee joint diameters of the TPNA group, TP group, BS group and control group were (2.02±0.08) cm, (2.08±0.06) cm, (2.10±0.06) cm and (2.18±0.07) cm, respectively. After one week of administration, the knee joint diameters of the above groups were (1.85±0.06) cm, (1.89±0.07) cm, (1.93±0.08) cm and (2.15±0.08) cm, respectively. Knee joint swelling was significantly reduced in each treated group after a week of intra-articular injection. With the extension of treatment, the diameter of rabbit knee joints in each experimental group gradually decreased gradually ( F=58.83, P<0.01; F=53.78, P<0.01; F=68.24, P<0.01), and the diameter of rabbit knee joints in the TP group, TPNA group and BS group was significantly smaller than that of the control group ( F=63.83, P<0.01; F=71.94, P<0.01; F=140.79, P<0.01). ② The synovitis score of TP group was lower than that of the control group ( Z=-2.082, P<0.05), which was mainly mild synovitis. While the synovitis scores of TPNA group and BS group were lower than that of TP group ( Z=-2.082, P<0.05; Z=-2.687, P<0.05), most of which were free from synovitis. There was no statistical significant difference between BS group and TPNA group ( Z=-1.000, P>0.05). ③ The pathological scores of bone destruction in the TPNA group, TP group and BS group were all reduced compared with the control group ( Z=-2.505, P<0.05; Z=-2.216, P<0.05; Z=-2.505, P<0.05). There was no statistical significant difference between the TPNA group, TP group and BS group ( χ2=0.588, P>0.05). Conclusion:Intra-articular injection of triptolide nanomaterials can relieve joint swelling, reduce synovitis, and delay bone erosion. Its effect is similiar to glucocorticoid, better than simple triptolide. Triptolide nanomaterials have the potential to be an effective drug for arthritis by intra-articular injection.

OBJECTIVETo examine the oral health status among the orphan children and adolescents of Chongqing and assist in planning of the oral health programs.

METHODSAccording to the third national oral health investigation of epidemiology, the dental caries, gingival bleeding and calculus was examined among 317 orphan living in Chongqing, by cluster sampling. The statistical software SPSS 17.0 was used for the data analysis.

RESULTSIn primary and permanent teeth, the prevalence of dental caries and mean DMFT (dmft) were found to be 50.00%, 1.94 +/- 2.81 and 39.53%, 0.90 +/- 1.38. There were no significant difference between female and male (P>0.05). But there was significant difference of the prevalence of permanent tooth caries between the age group under 12 (include 12) and above 12 (P < 0.05). It was also found that 35.25% of the orphan children and adolescents had caries in the first permanent molar, and there was significant difference between female and male (P < 0.05). Neither of the caries teeth above was treated nor the healthy teeth were sealed. The prevalence rate of gingival bleeding was 78.22%, and the calculus rate was 67.66%.

CONCLUSIONThe oral status of the orphan is poor, and this community has experienced a low utilization of preventive or therapeutic oral health services. In the future work, orphans should be considered as a priority group when make plans for oral health care.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; DMF Index ; Dental Caries ; Dentition, Permanent ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Male ; Molar ; Oral Health ; Prevalence

Objective:To investigate the prognosis of cT3 and the subgroups of low rectal cancer patients who underwent neoadju-vant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and evaluate whether all patients with cT3 low rectal cancer should undergo CRT. Methods:A total of 223 patients with cT3 low rectal cancer treated in the Department of Colorectal Surgery of Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from January 2008 to December 2012 were divided into neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy group (CRT group) (115 cases) and no neoad-juvant chemoradiotherapy group (nCRT group) (108 cases) according to whether the patients underwent CRT. Afterward, the patients were retrospectively divided into three subgroups (mrT3a, mrT3b, and mrT3c) according to the proposed criteria of the Radiologic Soci-ety of North America (RSNA) by measuring the depth of mesorectal invasion (DMI) (DMI<5, DMI=5-10, and DMI>10 mm). The prog-noses of the two groups and their subgroups were compared. Results:The CRT and nCRT groups revealed no significant differences in the 3-year disease-free survival rate and the local recurrence rate for all the mrT3 patients (78.2%vs. 71.9%, P=0.608;4.4%vs. 8.5%, P=0.120) and mrT3a patients (82.4%vs. 81.8%, P=0.837;5.8%vs. 5.9%, P=0.658). On the contrary, for the mrT3b patients, the CRT and nCRT groups revealed significant differences in the 3-year disease-free survival rate (84.4%vs. 42.4%, P=0.032) and local recurrence rate (0.0%vs. 18.2%, P=0.014). For the mrT3b,c patients, the CRT and nCRT groups revealed no significant difference in the 3-year dis-ease-free survival rate (72.8%vs. 42.4%, P=0.060) but revealed a significant difference in the local recurrence rate (2.4%vs. 18.2%, P=0.021). COX regression analysis was utilized for 3-year disease-free survival, DMI and circumferential resection margin (CRM) were significant in the univariate analysis. Additionally, the multivariate analysis indicated that CRM is an independent impact factor (OR=2.249, CI 1.067-4.742, P=0.033). Conclusion:CRT can improve the prognosis of patients with mrT3b,c low rectal cancer but may not significantly influence the prognosis of patients with mrT3a and CRM-negative low rectal cancer;surgical treatment can be performed in these patients without CRT.

Aims To observe the effect of saccharide extracts of Yiqijianpi herb Codonopsis and Glycyrrhizae on polyamine-dependent activation of K+ channels sig-nal pathway during cell migration and to investigate their mechanism of promoting restoration in gastrointes-tinal mucosal injuries. Method The study was based on IEC-6 cell migration model. While in a normal polyamine level or polyamine was inhibited by DFMO, the effect of Codonopsis saccharide extracts and Glycyr-rhizae saccharide extracts on polyamine-dependent acti-vation of K+ channels signal pathway during cell mi-gration was observed. (1) K+ channel protein Kv1. 1 was determined by Western blot. (2)Membrane poten-tial was measured by Flow Cytometer. (3) Laser scan-ning confocal microscope was used for measuring [ Ca2+] cyt. ( 4 ) The expression of RhoA, which is Ca2+ downstream protein, was determined by Western blot. Results During cell migration, Codonopsis and Glycyrrhizae saccharide extracts could: ( 1 ) improve the expression of Kv1 . 1 protein and ameliorate the de-crease of kv1. 1 protein expression by DFMO;(2) in-crease membrane hyperpolarization and reverse mem-brane depolarization resulted by DFMO; ( 3 ) improve intracellular [ Ca2+] cyt, while Codonopsis could re-verse the decrease of [ Ca2+] cyt caused by DFMO;(4) improve the expression of RhoA protein, reversing its decline caused by DFMO. Conclusion Codonop-sis and Glycyrrhizae saccharide extracts can promote cell migration in IEC-6 cell, which is correlated with their effect on polyamine-dependent activation of K+channels signal pathway.

Objective To investigate the effects of citric acid on the related indexes of salivary secretion under acid loading in or‐der to optimize the citric acid load method .Methods The saliva samples were collected from 10 young healthy volunteers at 1-90 s before ,at 91-120 s during and at 121-210 s after citric acid loading .The indexes were detected in saliva with mixed loading and after loading .The salivary alpha‐amylase(sAA ) activity ,pH value ,saliva flow rate ,total protein concentration in various groups were detected .The ratio values before and after the acid loading were compared among the groups .Results (1)The sAA activity , saliva pH value and total protein concentrations after acid loading were significantly increased compared before loading (P<0 .05) , moreover the ratio of after loading and before loading was greater than 1(P<0 .05);(2) however in the citric acid mixing ,the sAA activity ,saliva pH value and total protein concentration were decreased compared with before acid loading ,its ratio was less than 1 (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Citric acid affects the secretion result of acid loading saliva secretion ,it is suggested that the saliva under acid loading is separated treated and analyzed .

Objective To compare the curative effect of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) and microendoscopic discectomy (MED) in lumbar disc herniation.Methods A literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang, CNKI. Two authors reviewed all articles individually. The methodological quality of RCTs was assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool, and the quality of retrospective studies was evaluated by the modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The data was extracted by the Review Manager 5.30.Results A total of 19 articles were brought into this Meta-analysis. The outcomes were divided into primary outcomes and secondary outcomes. Excerpt for the short-term VAS score was lower in PELD group (P = 0.010), other index, including long-term VAS score (P = 0.120), ODI score (P = 0.260), complication (P = 0.100) and recurrence (P = 0.100), didn't had significant difference in two groups. The blood loss (P = 0.000), hospital stay (P = 0.000) and the length of incision (P = 0.000) were all superiority in PELD group. Whereas the operative time was shorter in MED group (P = 0.001).Conclusion PELD was a more minimally invasive and secure technique in lumbar disc herniation.

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.26.023

The present study is to explore the change process and distribution of phosphorylated DARPP-32 (p-DARPP-32) in rat brain including cortex, hippocampus and striatum and to further deduce whether p-DARPP-32 was possibly involved in epilepsy induced by repetitive low doses of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). PTZ-induced epilepsy model in rat was established with 30 male SD rats randomly divided into 6 groups, control group and five trial groups [PTZ 1 h, PTZ 6 h, PTZ 24 h, PTZ 48 h and PTZ 72 h respectively, after onset of status epilepticus (SE)]. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence double-labeling were used to detect the temporal time change and distribution of p-DARPP-32 expression and to analyze the coexpression of DARPP-32 and p-DARPP-32 in rat brain after the onset of PTZ-induced generalized SE. The results showed that there was a temporal time change of p-DARPP-32 expression in rat brain after the onset of SE. The number of p-DARPP-32-positive cells increased significantly and reached the peaks at the ends of 1 hour and 6 hours after the onset of SE, but decreased at the end of 24 hours. The moderate to strong p-DARPP-32-immunopositive neurons were observed in cortex, hippocampus and striatum, and located in cell cytoplasm and cell nucleus. Further immunofluorescence double-labeling revealed that denser colocalization of p-DARPP-32 and DARPP-32 in the neurons existed in the area mentioned above. Therefore, PTZ-induced SE may cause phosphorylation of DARPP-32 in rat brain. The temporal time change and distribution of p-DARPP-32 suggest that phosphorylation of DARPP-32 may be involved in PTZ-induced epilepsy in rat brain including cortex, hippocampus and striatum, and p-DARPP-32 may play a central role in the onset of SE.
Animals ; Cerebral Cortex ; metabolism ; Corpus Striatum ; metabolism ; Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32 ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Male ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Pentylenetetrazole ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Status Epilepticus ; chemically induced ; metabolism