OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes on the number and distribution of myoepithelial cells (MECs) during parotid gland regeneration.

METHODSA total of 54 Wistar rats were divided into eight experimental groups and one normal control group, with six rats in each group. The right parotid ducts of the rats in the experimental groups were ligated for 14 days and then reopened. The parotid tissue specimens were harvested at days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21. The histological changes of the regenerating gland were examined using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Immunohistochemical labeling was also performed to investigate the changes in the number and distribution of MECs at different time points of parotid regeneration. Both the histological and immunohistochemical changes observed in the experimental groups were compared with those in the normal control group.

RESULTSThe parotid gland showed marked atrophy 14 days after ligation. Most acinar cells disap- peared, but the number of duct-like structures obviously increased. MECs apparently increased in number and were mainly located at the periphery of the duct-like structures. Three days after duct reopening, the number of acinar cells significantly increased and the duct-like structures significantly reduced. Meanwhile, MECs also decreased in number and were mainly located at the periphery of the newly formed acini and duct-like structures. The number of MECs noticeably decreased 3 and 5 days after duct reopening. At 14 days after duct reopening, the glandular structures and the number and distribution of MECs returned to normal compared with those in the normal control group.

CONCLUSIONThe number and distribution of MECs returned to normal condition after parotid gland atrophy. Parotid regeneration mainly occurred within 5 days after duct reopening.

Animals ; Atrophy ; Epithelial Cells ; Ligation ; Parotid Gland ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Regeneration ; Salivary Ducts

Objective To analyze the application value of digital radiography (DR) on healthy population.Methods 1449 cases of health examination on chest by DR were retrospectively studied,the physical examination results were analyzed.Results The medical examination of positive rate was 4.9％.The positive rate of women was higher than men ( x2 =11.493,P =0.001 ).the top 5 detection rate of diseases were lung old lesions,pneumonia,suspicious tumor,thickening and adhesion of pleural,senile pulmonary.Conclusion The DR examination was selected according to symptoms,medical history of participate in the examination,the check frequency was selected according to age.

Objective:To investigate the histological changes of parotid gland after ligation and reopening of the main duct.Meth-ods:The right parotid main duct was ligated for 14 days and then reopened,the specimen were harvested at day 0,1,3,5,7,10,14 and 21 after reopening(n=5 )respectively.By HE staining and Morphology measurement,the morphological and volume fraction changes of acinus,duct and mesenchyma were observed and measured.Results:The parotid gland atrophied significantly 14 days af-ter the duct ligation.From day 3 after duct reopening,the acinar volume fraction continued to increase,both the duct and the mesen-chymal tissue volume fraction continued to decrease significantly(P<0.05).After 14 days of duct reopening,there was no signifi-cant difference in volume fraction of acinar,duct and mesenchyma,compared with those of normal control group(P>0.05).Conclu-sion:After reopening of the ligated main duct the atrophied parotid gland is able to regenerate to be normal.

Purpose To explore the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), PI3K, AKT and NF-κB in cervical lesions, and to in-vestigate their association with human papillomavirus ( HPV) 16 infection. Methods Immunohistochemical SP staining was performed to detect the expression of TLR4, PI3K, AKT, NF-κB in paraffin-embedded cervical tissue specimens from Uighur women with chroni-cal cervicitis, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ( CIN) and cervical squamous cell carcinoma ( CSCC) . The HPV 16 DNA was detected by PCR. Results The positive expression rates of TLR4, PI3K, AKT, NF-κB in chronical cervicitis, CIN and cervical cancer were 32. 0%, 59. 4%, 77. 8%, 28. 0%, 56. 3%, 73. 0%, 24. 0%, 56. 3%, 79. 4%, and 8. 0%, 48. 4%, 81. 0%, respectively. The expression of them was higher in cervicitis than in CIN and cevical cancer ( P<0. 05 ) . The positive expression rates of HPV 16 in three groups were 8. 0%, 48. 4% and 81. 0% (P<0. 05). The expression of TLR4, PI3K, NF-κB and HPV 16 was related to cervi-cal cancer differentiation (P<0. 05). PI3K and AKT were significantly correlated with FIGOs’ stages (P<0. 05). NF-κB was corre-lated with lymph node metastasis. The expression of TLR4 was significantly associated with HPV 16 infection in CIN and CSCC ( r=0. 303, P=0. 015, r=0. 633, P=0. 000), and correlation with PI3K in CIN and CSCC (r=0. 254, P=0. 045, r=0. 386, P=0. 003). PI3K was associated with AKT only in CSCC (r=0. 298, P=0. 018). Conclusions The expression of TLR4 can be up-regulated by HPV 16 infection. High expression of PI3K/AKT signal pathway mediated by TLR4 may play important roles in the devel-opment and progression of CIN and CSCC, and HPV 16 infection may be a trigger factor affecting the molecular signal pathway.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard of Jingyuan capsule. METHODS:TLC was used for qualitative iden-tification of Epimedium brevicornu,Pseudostellaria heterophylla and Fallopia multiflora in the preparation. HPLC method was used to determine the content of icariin. The determination was performed on Odyssil C18 column with mobile phase consisting of acetoni-trile-water(28:72,V/V)at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 270 nm,and the column temperature was 30 ℃. The sample size was 10 μL. The contents of polysaccharides was determined by phenol-sulfuric method. RESULTS:TCL spots of E. brevicornu,P. heterophylla and F. multiflora were clear and well separated without interference from negative con-trol. The linear range of icariin ranged 0.027-0.135 mg/mL(r=0.9999);RSDs of precision,stability and repeatability test were all lower than 2.0%. The recoveries were 97.87%-101.94%(RSD=1.47%,n=9). The linear range of glucose ranged 0.056-0.121 mg/mL(r=0.9995),and RSDs of precision,stability and repeatability tests were all lower than 2.0%. The recoveries were 99.37%-100.38%(RSD=0.36%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The established standard can be used for the quality control of Jingyuan capsule.

【Objective】 To understand the antigen profile and antibody frequency of Wr^a in voluntary blood donors in Shaanxi province. 【Methods】 Wr^a antigen and antibody screening as well as blood group typing and antibody identification were performed by serological tests and confirmed by genetic testing. 【Results】 The incidence of Wr^a antigen in 7 490 voluntary blood donors was 0.013%(1/7 490), and the frequency of anti-Wr^a in 729 voluntary blood donors was 0.823%(6/729). 【Conclusion】 This study explored the polymorphism of Wr^a antigen and antibodies in blood donors, which is informative in the risk assessment of blood transfusion and the screening and identification of respective antibodies.

Objective To investigate the expression of IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-17 and TGF-βby Th cells and Th17 cells in rats with allergic rhinitis upon the intervention of IL-10.Methods SD rats were ran-domly divided into three groups including allergic rhinitis ( AR ) group, IL-10 treated group and control group (n=10).Rats in AR group and IL-10 treated group were sensitized by injection of ovalbumin (OVA) and aluminum hydroxide on the 1st, the 7th and the 14th days.The rats treated with equal volume of saline were set up as the control.The corresponding interventions ( OVA, OVA and IL-10, saline) were respec-tively given to rats in each group on the 21th day for 7 consecutive days.The clinical manifestations in rats were observed within 30 minutes after each administration.Serum samples were collected at 48 hours after the last challenge for the detection of IgE and OVA-sIgE.ELISA and Western blot assay were performed to detect IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-17 and TGF-βin nasal mucosa samples.Results Some characteristic symptoms of AR were observed in rats from AR group and IL-10 treated group.Compared with IL-10 treated rats, rats in AR group showed severe clinical symptoms such as constant rubbing and tearing of the eyes (P<0.05).The levels of IgE and OVA-sIgE in serum samples and the levels of IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-17 and TGF-βin nasal tis-sues were significantly increased in rats with RA (P<0.05), but were reduced with IL-10 intervention (P<0.05).Conclusion Exogenous IL-10 could be used to treat AR by reducing the expression of IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-17 and TGF-βin nasal tissues.

OBJECTIVETo develop a HPLC quantitative method for determination of schisandrin, schisandrol B, schisantherin A, deoxyschisandrin and gamma-schisandrin in Fructus Schisandrae.

METHODA symmetry C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) was used with methanol (A) and water (B) as mobile phases, in gradient elution. The gradient program was as follows: 0-36 min, changed from 60% A to 66% A, 36-65 min, to 80% A, 65-70 min, kept for 80% A, 70-75 min, to 100% A. The flow rate was 0.5 mL x min(-1) and detection wavelength was set at 254 nm.

RESULTThe linearities of schisandrin, schisandrol B, schisantherin A, deoxyschisandrin and gamma-schisandrin were in the ranges of 0.0214. 160 (r = 0.9999), 0.020-4.000 (r = 0.9999), 0.021-4.240 (r = 0.9999), 0.020-3.960 (r = 0.9999) and 0.021-4.200 (r = 0.9999). The average recoveries were 104.8%, 104.2%, 102.7%, 104.6%, 104.5%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe method developed in this study was reliable, and can be used for the quality control of the fruits of S. chinensis.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Lignans ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Schisandra ; chemistry

Methyl (S)-4-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-hydroxybutanoate (DZ2002) is a potent reversible inhibitor of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). Due to its ester structure, DZ2002 is rapidly hydrolyzed in rat blood to 4-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-hydroxybutyric acid (DZA) during and after blood sampling from rats; this hampers accurate determination of the circulating DZ2002 and its acid metabolite DZA in rats. To this end, a method for determining the blood concentrations of DZ2002 and DZA in rats was developed by using methanol to immediately deactivate blood carboxylesterases during sampling. The newly developed bioanalytical assay possessed favorable accuracy and precision with lower limit of quantification of 31 nM for DZ2002 and DZA. This validated assay was applied to a rat pharmacokinetic study of DZ2002. After oral administration, DZ2002 was found to be extensively converted into DZA. The level of systemic exposure to DZ2002 was significantly lower than that of DZA. The apparent oral bioavailability of DZ2002 was 90％–159％. The mean terminal half-lives of DZ2002 and DZA were 0.3–0.9 and 1.3–5.1 h, respectively. The sample preparation method illustrated here may be adopted for de-termination of other circulating ester drugs and their acid metabolites in rodents.

The therapeutic efficiency of radionuclides for cancer is closely related to the accumula-tion level, residence time and distribution in tumor, and is also influenced by the radiation resistance and hypoxia microenvironment of tumor. Nanomaterials, with a series of characteristics including special dimen-sion effect and functionally modifiable surface, can not only work as the isotopic carrier to transport nuclide into tumor, but also combine with chemical, thermal or photodynamic therapies to generate synergistic thera-peutic effect or destroy the hypoxic microenvironment of tumor to reduce radiation resistance, thus achieving the radiosensitization effect. This article reviews the application of nanomaterials in enhancing the therapeu-tic efficiency of radionuclide for cancer.