ObjectiveTo assess the relationship between the location,quantity and leukodystrophy of cerebral infarction and vascular cognitive impairment ( VCI ),and to compare the differences of the severity and domains of cognitive impairment among the different types of cerebral infarction,which will provide the pathophysiological evidence to the mechanism for the development of VCI. MethodThe patients suffering from cerebral infarction or leukodystrophy were recruited from either the ward or clinic in Tianjin General Hospital from April 2009 to April 2010,then assessed the cognition,and classified into different groups according to the location,size,quantity,whether or not they have leukodystrophy and the severity.The Logistic regression analysis was taken with whether or not the patients have had developed to the VCI as the dependent variable,and with the location,size,quantity,whether or not they have leukodystrophy and the severity as the independent variables.The differences of the score of NIHSS,Bathel index and the level of cognitive impairment were compared among patients with different types of lesions.Moreover,the difference of the score of MoCA for each cognitive domain were compared among patients with different types of lesions.ResultsThere was a relationship between key position infarction in the subcortex and white leukodystrophy with VCI.The position infarction in the subcortex and white leukodystrophy ( grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ ) might be the independent risk factors for the VCI( OR =1.752,2.135,3.753; 95％ CI 1.533-3.821,1.541-6.787,1.432-6.821,all P ＜0.05).There were significant differences in the domains of excusive ability,attention,calculation,fluent language and orientation.The average scores of the domain of excusive ability in the subcortical group (3.40 ± 1.90) and the mix group (3.83 ± 1.27) were significantly lower than the cortical disease group(4.28 ± 0.89,t =0.050,0.857,both P ＜ 0.05 ).The average scores of the domains of attention,calculation,fluent and orientation in the mix group were significantly lower than the subcortical group and cortical disease group.ConclusionsThere is a significant association of the key infarction in the subcortex and leukodystrophy with VCI.The patients with both the subcortex infarction and leukodystrophy are susceptible to VCI.The development of VCI is depended on the position of infarction instead of the quantity and size of infarction.The development of VCI is not only related to the white matter disease but also related to the severity of the leukodystrophy.The data highlights the need to small vessel disease.The patients with subcortical lesions mainly impair the executive ability.The patients with mix lesions may have more extensive domains and more severe cognitive impairment.

Objective To examine the epidemiological and clinical features of the adults with Henoch Schonlein Purpura (HSP),and improve the diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy of HSP.Methods Thirty five adults with HSP from the hematological department of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital between 1993.9 to 2005.12 were enrolled in this study.Epidemiological,clinical and laboratory data,therapeutic methods and efficacy were investigated.Results Most patients with HSP in our department were male and adolescent.HSP occurred more commonly in the winter.The important predisposing factors were infection and having specific food.Purpuric lesions were the most common presenting signs.Multiple organ involvement was more common.Purpura was present in all case,lower extremities were more commonly involved.Joint involvement was observed in 15 cases(42.9%),abdominal involvement in 20 cases(57.1%),renal involvement in 20 cases(57.1%).Conclusion The adult patients with HSP had more tendenecy to have severe renal damage and multiple organ involvement.

The setting up of morphologic experimental centre has brougt experimental methods and means to a higher level. However, it is worth considering how to share the resource furthest,and how to exert experimental technicians’ efforts. This article intends to discuss those problems.

Objective To investigate the expression of adiponectin in placenta and its correlation with preeclampsia.Methods Placental tissues were collected from normal term pregnancies(normal pregnancy group,n=20),mild preeclampsia(mild preeclampsia group,n=12)and severe preeclampsia (severe preeclampsia group,n=22).The expression of adiponectin protein and the intensity of its mRNA in placenta were detected using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR,respectively.Integral optical density (IOD)which represents the expression level of adiponectin protein,and the ratio of adiponectin cDNA PCR products to β-actin cDNA PCR products which represents the intensity of transcription of adiponectin mRNA in placenta were analyzed.Results (1)The expression of adiponectin protein was observed in cytoplasm of placental cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts among three groups.There was no significant difference in adiponectin protein expression between maternal side and fetal side of placenta in three groups(all P＞0.05);(2)The expression of adiponectin protein in placenta in severe preeclampsia group(30 984 ±14 604)was significantly lower than that of mild preeclampsia group(58 360±8910,P＜0.01)and of normal pregnancy group(53 246±17 554,P＜0.01).There was also no significant difference in the expression of adiponeclln protein in placenta between term delivery and preterm delivery in severe preeclampsia group(38 890±20 386 vs 29 319±8997,P＞0.05),however,the expression of adiponectin protein in placenta in term delivery of severe preeclampsia group was significantly lower than that ofterm delivery of normlal pregnancy group(38 890±20 386 vs 53 246±17 554,P＜0.05);(3)The expression of adiponectin mRNA was detected in placental tissues among three groups also.The intensity of transcription of adiponectin in placenta in severe preeclampsia group(1.0±0.2)was markedly lower than that of mild preeclampsia group(2.9±0.8,P＜0.05)and normal pregnancy group(3.3±1.1,P=0.000).Conclusion The expression of adiponectin decreases in placenta tissues of severe preeclampsia,indicating that the abnormal expression of adiponectin may be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.

Objective To compare the inducing effect of three kinds of connective tissue from amnion,fetal mesentery and intestinal submucosa on the differentiation of fetal BMSCs in vitro.Methods The epithelium on three kinds of connective tissue were sampled and EGF and IGF-1 in these tissue clumpes were detected.DAPI-P3-BMSCs were planted on the surface of three kinds of connective tissue to culture.There were connective tissue induced groups,connective tissue and EGF and IGF-1 induced groups,EGF and IGF-1 induced as control group.The tissue clump was collected at 8 d、10 d、12 d,to compare their inducing effect on the differentiation of BMSCs.Results All of BMSCs induced by three kinds of connective tissue and growth factors expressed CK or EMA.The effect of unite-induced groups was stronger than those groups induced by only connective tissue,P

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells have ability of multi-directional differentiation, and can be induced to differentiate into epithelial cells in vitro. The differentiation of epithelial cells in fetal primitive gut is induced by mesochymal cells of intestines. The report of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)differentiate into epithelial cells induced by intestinal connective tissue has not been identified. OBJECTIVE: To observe the possibility of BMSCs differentiate into epithelial cells induced by fetal intestinal connective tissue. DESIGN: Culture in "vitro and comparative observation. SETTING: The experiment was carried out in the Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University from July 2004 to July 2006. MATERIALS: Epidermal growth factor (EGF, Sigma); CK, CK20 (Zhongshan Bio-Tech, Co.,Ltd). Bone marrow of limbs was collected from 6 aborted fetus samples aged 4-5 months. Adding Ficoll to centrifugalize, BMSCs were isolated, cultured and proliferated. The intestinal segment about 15 mmx5 mm was obtained sterilely from fetal duodenal papilla to colon, then muscular tunic and adventitia were peeled. Enzymatic digestion was used to remove the epithelial cells on the mucosa surface. The lump of intestinal connective tissue was cut into 15 minx5 nun. Fetus samples were provided by Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Clinical College, all the parturients agreed to the offer, and the experiment was approved by the hospital ethical committee. METHODS: The experiment was assigned into 4 groups. In groups A and B, the DAPI labelled BMSCs (3x104) at the third generation were transplanted on the submucosa of intestinal connective tissue;.In groups C and D, the DAPI labelled BMSCs were only cultured on the cover glass; In groups B and D, EGF in final concentration of 10 ng/mL was added. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: After cultured for 12 days, the morphous and distribution of DAPI labelled BMSCs were observed under fluorescence microscope; the cell morphous on surface of the same intestinal connective tissue was observed with hematoxylin-eosin stain. Expressions of CK and CK20 as well as whether the intestinal connective tissue express EGF were all detected by immnnohistochemical stain. Production of basal lamina between the DAPI labelled cells and connective tissue was assayed with periodic acid-Schiff reaction.RESULTS: On the surface of the tissue lump in groups A and B, the DAPI labelled BMSCs could be seen under fluorescenc microscope, in the same section stained by hematoxylin-eosin, there were some epithelioid cells. During culture, the medium were changed several times, the marked cells that were not eluted, grew on the surface of connective tissue.Immunohistochemistry revealed, in groups A and B, cells on the surface of the tissue lump both expressed CK and CK20. Immunofluorescence stain shown that some of cells on the tissue lump had the DAPI marked nncelus (sapphirine fluorescence) and CK (red fluorescence) in cytoplasm simultaneously. It indicated that the 3rd generation of DAPI labelled BMSCs had differentiated into epithelial cells. Cells in group C were negative for CK and CK20, but those in group D were positive, which indicated that EGF could induce BMSCs differentiate into epithelial cells. There were glycosidoprotein with basal membrane-like structures appeared between the cells and connective tissues in periodic acid-schiff stained section. The uncultured connective tissue expressed EGF. CONCLUSION: Both EGF and fetal intestinal connective tissues can induce BMSCs differentiate to epithelial cells in vitro; the EGF presented in the intestinal connective tissues may be one of factors in this induction process.

The approach of stem cell transplantation to treat different types of diseases has been becoming a hot issue in the field of regenerative medicine.Potentially, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) possess strong proliferation and multi-di-rection differentiation ability .Under special certain kind of induction circumstances , BMMSCs can trans-differentiate into myocardial cells, osteoblasts, fat cells, neurons, endothelial cells.It is difficult that how to obtain enough BMMSCs for basic and clinical studies using BMMSCs treating diseases .Currently , there are many methods of in vitro proliferation of BMMSCs with advantages and disadvan -tages.In this paper, an overview of BMMSCs proliferation strategy in vitro is provided .

Objective To evaluate therapeutic effects of endovascular therapy for in-stent restenosis of superficial femoral artery,and the risk factors of restenosis of re-intervention therapy.Methods We retrospectively summarized the clinical data of 35 patients(38limbs)who suffered from in-stent restenosis of superficial femoral artery(SFA)stent from 2010 to 2012.Results 35 patients (38 limbs)were enrolled in this study,there were 24 males and 11 females.Mean age was (68 ±8)years.The success rate of endovascular therapy was 89.5％ (34/38),including in-stent angioplasty in 14 limbs,in-stent and beyond-stent angioplasty in 5 limbs,in-stent angioplasty and beyond-stent re-stenting in 15 cases.The primary patency and sencondary patency rate for 6,12 and 24 months was 65.2％,46.5％,46.5％,and 87.5％,80.2％,55.8％ respectively.The independent risk factors for re-obliteration were age ＞ 70 years (P ＜ 0.05) and diabetes mellitus (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Endovascular therapy is effective and safe in treatment in-stent restenosis of superficial femoral artery.The long-term in-stent patency is not satisfactory,with age ＞ 70 years and diabetes mellitus as independent risk factors.

Objective To study the effects and related mechanism of low-dosed methyl-mercury chloride (MMC) on the epithelial apoptosis of fetal mice intestine. Methods Pregnant mice on E12.5 d and E13.5 d were injected with different doses of MMC (0, 1, 2, 4 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. After 48 h, their duodenum and colon were dissected out and sliced into the paraffin sections. Some sections were stained with HE to count the numbers of apoptotic bodies (NAB) with stereological method. The others were stained with the immunohistochemical method to observe the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins Bcl-2, Bax and immediate early gene c-fos. Results ①In all experimental groups, the NAB in the epithelium were higher than that of control groups (P

Objective To report experience of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) with Endurant stent-graft for abdominal aortic aneyrysm. Methods Between May,2010 and May,2011,19 patients underwent EVAR with Endurant stent-graft at Department of Vascular Surgery,Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Clinical and morphological characteristics, operative result, peri-operative complications and follow-up data were reported. Results Procedures were successful in all these 19 cases,among those 9 were with complicated anatomical alterations.There were no type Ⅰ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ endoleak found immediately after procedure,while 4 cases were found with type Ⅱ endoleak. Major adverse event during the 30-days after operation included:consumption coagulopathy,myocardial infarction combined with heart failure,wound infection or hematoma.All cases were followed-up from 1 to 12 months. No death occurred.Eight cases had at least one CT angiography.Five cases showed aneurysm shrink,the remaining 3 cases showed aneurysm diameter did not change.One case suffered from occlusion of unilateral iliac limb artery obliteration,and was treated by fem-fem graft bypass.One case had secondary type Ⅰ B endoleak,without increase of aneurysm diameter. Conclusions EVAR with Endurant stent-graft is safe and effective.Some complicated anatomic cases could be treated successfully with Endurant stent-graft.