Table tennis as an exercise can meet the basic principles for mentally retarded children rehabilitation. Some empirical data showed that it is effective on varying degrees of mentally retardation. In addition, it is valuable in some other aspect, such as politics, economy, culture, and education.

BACKGROUND:Few reports are found about the effect of ovariectomized rats' bone histomorphometry parameters using non-destructive dynamic loading system.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of different loads situations on the bone histomorphometry parameters in ovariectomized rats.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A controlled observation on the bone histomorphometry was performed in the Biomedical Engineering Laboratory of Jilin University from April 2007 to August 2007.MATERIALS:A total of 35 9-month-old Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly divided into five groups,including sham operation group,ovariectomized (OVX) control group,OVX loading 1 N group,OVX loading 2 N group,OVX loading 4 N group.There were 7 rats in each group.METHODS:Rats in OVX control group and castration load group were processed into bilateral OVX on the back. The sham operation group only underwent the excision of fat tissues on back,and then sutured. After castration for 1 week,rats were loaded with non-destructive dynamic loading system in the two sides of the tibia,15 minutes a day. The mechanical loads would continue for 4 weeks and the loads were 1N,2N and 4N.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Changes of proximal tibia bone histomorphometry parameters.RESULTS:The area,number and thickness of trabecular bone in OVX loading group were all higher than OVX control group (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The trabecular bone area and thickness in OVX 4 N and OVX 2 N groups were significantly higher than OVX control group (P ＜ 0.001).There was a downward trend of trabecular separation in OVX 4 N group compared with OVX control group (P ＜ 0.05). With the increasing loads,there was an increasing trend of the area,number and thickness of trabecular bone,which were close to sham-operated group. The trabecular separation was declined. Single fluorescent labeled surface and double fluorescent labeled surfaces in sham operated group were all lower than that in OVX control group. With the increase in loads,the single fluorescent labeled surface,double fluorescent labeled surface,interlabeled width and mineral apposition rate had been shown to increase. The OVX 2 N and OVX 4 N groups exhibited a remarkably higher level of mineral apposition rate than OVX control group (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION:With the increase in load at the range of 1-4 N,all parameters of bone histomorphometry improve in the OVX rats,the bone microstrcture is greatly ameliorated,bone mass loss is reduced and the process of osteoporosis is delayed.

OBJECTIVE:To provide a reference for clinical use of anti-tumor adjuvant drugs as is reasonable,effective and economical. METHODS:By retrospective investigation and analysis,the utilization of anti-tumor adjuvant drugs in the oncology department of our hospital during 2010 and 2013 was analyzed statistically in respect of the type,dosage form,consumption amount,DDDs,DDC,DUI etc. RESULTS:The anti-tumor adjuvant drugs in our hospital were dominated by injections,especial-ly domestic drugs,the consumption amount of which accounted for 80% of the total consumption amount of anti-tumor adjuvant drugs each year. The anti-tumor adjuvant drugs were mainly used for symptomatic treatment of various adverse reactions. Drug syn-chronization was relatively good each year,however,excessive use of individual drugs existed. CONCLUSIONS:Anti-tumor adju-vant drugs have relatively better synchronism in the drugs quantities and medication number. However,individual drugs have exces-sive use and other irrational use.

Objective To investigate changes in the expression of prepro-orexin and orexin receptor-1 ( OX1R) following permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion ( MCAO ) with or without preconditioning through electrical stimulation of the cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FNS). Methods Wistar rats were subjected to permanent MCAO and randomly divided into 5 groups: a sham-operated control group (PO), an FNS preconditioning + shamoperated control group (FNS-PO) , an ischemia group, an FNS preconditioning + ischemia group (FNS-PI) and a cerebellar fastigial nucleus injury + FNS preconditioning + ischemia group (FNL-FNS-PI). Each group was divided into 5 subgroups according to the time at which the animals were sacrificed after the MCAO ( 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h).RT-PCR was used to detect expression of OX1R mRNA, and ELISA to measure the levels of orexin-A in the hypothalamus and plasma. Results The immunoreactivity of prepro-orexin decreased significantly in the PI groups, with further decreases over time. At the 12th h after MCAO, the immunoreactivity of prepro-orexin reached a minimum.There were significant differences between the rats in the PO and FNS-PO groups. On the contrary, the immunoreactivity of OX1R increased significantly in the PI groups, with further increases continuing over time, peaking at 12 h after the MCAO. There were significant differences between the PO and FNS-PO groups. In the rats with FNS preconditioning (PI-FNS) , the decrease in prepro-orexin and the increase in OX1R were significantly inhibited compared to the PI subgroups at the 6th and 12th hour. There was no significant difference between the FNL-PIFNS group and the PI group. The expression of OX1R mRNA increased significantly in the PI group, with further increases continuing over time, peaking at 24 hours. The plasma levels of orexin-A were not significantly different among the groups, but the levels of orexin-A in the hypothalamus decreased significantly in the PI and FNL-PI-FNS groups, with further decreases continuing over time. At the 12th h after the MCAO the levels were significantly different compared with the PO and PO-FNS groups. While in the rats with FNS preconditioning (PI-FNS) , the decrease in orexin-A level was reversed and there was no significant difference compared with PO and PO-FNS groups. Conclusions The orexinergic system is altered following cerebral ischaemia. FNS preconditioning may be able to regulate these changes.

Objective To compare the cognitive difference of subjects'responses to the same visual stimuli under two different priming conditions,and to discuss the influence of inversion effect and configural changes upon facial recognition.Methods Priming pattern was employed,and subjects were induced to recognize the same stimuli as schematic faces or three English letters under different priming conditions.The participants'accuracy and reaction times were compared in two priming conditions. Results Participants'accuracy of the comparison stimuli in facial priming condition decreased significantly by inversion effect((79.03±10.53)%vs(89.43±9.98)%,P<0.01);reaction times of priming stimuli and comparison stimuli were delayed by inversion effect significantly((3720.40±607.71)ms vs(2998.33±544.02)ms,(3521.80±1038.20)ms vs(2750.87±867.13)ms,P<0.01),and there was no influence of inversion effect upon the reaction times of English letter stimuli(P>0.05).Correlations of accuracy to reaction times reached no significant difference under two conditions.Conclusion Priming effect make sense in the cognition,and there was a priming stage before the facial configuration.Inversion effect shows up in the face priming condition,and vanish in the English letter priming condition,which demonstrate the importance of configuration and inversion effect in the facial cognition.What's more,such effect can't be explained by the changes of cognitive difficulty.

Objective To analyze the epidemiology,clinical and imageological characteristics,diagnosis,misdiagnosis,treatment and prognosis of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) reported in China in recent 20 years,in an attempt to provide important clues for prompt and accurate diagnosis of PAP.Methods Clinical data of PAP from 1988 to 2008 in China were retrospectively analyzed and the clinical data of 126 patients with PAP which were misdiagnozed were summarized.Results There were 19 cases misdiagnozed with pneumonia,24 cases with pulmonary cancer,18 cases with bronchitis,19 cases with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis,15 cases with pulmonary tuberculosis,10 cases with eosinophilic pneumonia,9 cases with sarcoidosis,5 cases with fungus pneumonia.The clinical manifestations of PAP had no specificity and the imageology manifestation was various.Its final diagnosis mainly depended on the examination of brochoalveolar lavage fluid and/or lung biopsy,and pathologic examination.Conclusions The diversity of clinical manifestations of PAP has resulted in higher clinical misdiagnosis rate.WhoLe lung irrigation is the safest and the most effective way to treat PAP.

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most common symptoms in clinical cancer patients.It is associated with cancer itself or with cancer-related therapies.It is a persistent and subjective tiredness experience.It not only affects the patient;s physical,psychological and physical condition,social function,quality of life,but also may cause interruption of cancer-related treatment and affect the patient's life.However,the etiology and mechanism of CRF are not fully understood.Many foreign scholars believe that the occurrence of CRF may be related to anemia,obesity,tumor type,insomnia,inflammatory cytokines,hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and so on.As cancer patients demand higher quality of life,CRF are increasingly receiving medical attention.In this paper,the related factors and mechanisms of CRF are stated.

Objective To investigate the impact of parameters setting on image quality and radiation dose of low-dose chest CT scanning when iCT tube current was set as 17 mAs.Methods Two hundred volunteers who accepted low-dose chest CT screening with tube current was set as 17 mAs were randomly divided into four groups according to the tube voltage and automatic exposure control (DoseRight) settings (group A:120 kV,DoseRight;group B:100 kV,DoseRight;group C:120 kV,fixed tube current;group D:100 kV,fixed tube current).Then hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR:iDose4) and iterative model reconstruction (IMR) were performed on all scanned images of lung and mediastinal window algorithm,respectively.The effective dose and image quality of 4 groups were compared.Results There were significant differences of image quality score and effective dose among 4 groups.The image quality of group A and B were better than that of group C (P＜0.05),and of group D was the worst compared with the other three groups (P＜0.05).Image quality scores of the mediastinal window of group C and D and the lung window of group D at iDose4 reconstruction were lower.SNR value of group A,B,C,D decreased in order (P＜0.01).Group A had the highest effective dose (P＜0.01),while the effective dose of group B and group C had no significant difference (P=0.055),and group D had the lowest effective dose (P＜ 0.01).Conclusion When tube current was set as 17mAs at iCT,selecting 100 kV tube voltage,DoseRight and IMR reconstruction arithmetic can obtain satisfactory image quality and low radiation dose.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expressions of osteopontin (OPN), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in gastric cancer and the poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Methods A total of 35 patients with gastric cancer after radical gastrectomy from January 2014 to March 2015 in Dalian Third People ' s Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The expressions of OPN, MMP-2 and VEGF in gastric cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues were detected by immunohistochemical SP staining. The relationship between the expressions of OPN, MMP-2 and VEGF and the poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients was analyzed. Results The positive expression rates of OPN, MMP-2 and VEGF in postoperative pathological tissues of gastric cancer were 80.0％ (28/35), 77.1％(27/31) and 88.6％(31/35), respectively. OPN expression was associated with vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, degree of differentiation, degree of invasion, and Lauren classification (all P< 0.05). MMP-2 expression was associated with vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, and degree of invasion (all P<0.05). VEGF expression was associated with vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, degree of invasion, and Lauren classification (all P< 0.05). OPN, VEGF and MMP-2 had synergistic effects in the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer, and the expressions of them were positively correlated (all P< 0.05). The sensitivity of combined detection of OPN, VEGF and MMP-2 (87.5％) was higher than the sensitivity of individual detection (68.8％, 62.5％ and 56.3％) (P< 0.05). Conclusions OPN, MMP-2 and VEGF expressions are closely related to the poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients, and have synergistic effects in the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer. The combined detection of OPN, MMP-2 and VEGF may have a more accurate prediction of the prognosis of gastric cancer.

The harm of pathogenic bacteria to humans has promoted extensive research on physiological processes of pathogens, such as the mechanism of bacterial infection, antibiotic mode of action, and bacterial antimicrobial resistance. Most of these processes can be better investigated by timely tracking of fluorophore-derived antibiotics in living cells. In this paper, we will review the recent development of fluorescent antibiotics featuring the conjugation with various fluorophores, and focus on their applica-tions in fluorescent imaging and real-time detection for various physiological processes of bacteria in vivo.