Platelet-rich plasma(PRP) is a highly-concentrated plasma enriched in platelets and various growth factors. These growth factors will be released abundantly by platelets when PRP is activated by thrombin, which plays a key role in accelerating wound healing, bone repair, and meanwhile, in controlling of inflammatory process. Biocompatibility and versatility of PRP have been confirmed in clinical studies as well as its excellent effects on tissue reparation. These have lead to the extensive use of PRP in many medical fields as a therapeutic alternative. Mechanism of PRP in bone and tissue repair the application of PRP in the field of orthopedics is reviewed in this article. In addition, attempt is made to discuss about some problems still existing in the clinical application of PRP.

Bioglass is one of the most important inorganic biomedical materials and is widely used in clinic. Orthopedists and researchers pay more and more attentions to bioglass due to its excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity. This paper introduces the current research status and development of bioglass in bone repairing,bone tissue engineering, anti-infection drug delivery material and interventional therapy. Brief review is given to the potential application of bioglass in orthopaedics.

Objective To observe the operation process implementation and the therapeutic effect of interventional therapy for the superior mesenteric artery thrombosis.Methods 21 cases with superior mesenteric arterial thrombosis who had the diagnosis and clinical treatment in our hospital from January 2005 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among 21 cases,19 cases had obvious risk factors,and their early symptoms and signs were not consistent.The artery angiography showed that 17 cases had superior mesenteric artery thrombosis,2 cases had ileum arterial thrombosis,2 cases had inferior mesenteric arterial thrombosis.All surgeries were performed successfully.The length of hospital stay was 10 14 days with an average of 11 days.After interventional treatment,the symptom of abdominal pain had obvious remission.The follow-up period was 12 to 36 months and no recurrence was found.Conclusions The diagnosis of mesenteric arterial thrombosis is difficult.Mesenteric arterial thrombosis needs the early diagnosis and timely interventional treatment.

Mesorhizobium huakuii strain 7653R,isolated from nodules of A.sinicus L,contains two indige-nous plasmids,p7653Ra and p7653Rb,the latter being the symbiotic plasmid.We eliminated the plasmids via Tn5-sacB insertion and obtained its symbiotic plasmid-cured derivative 7653RD.Then,we transferred the symbiotic plasmid pJB5JI of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv.Viciae T83K3 into 7653R and 7653RD.The pot plant test showed an increase in competitive ability and symbiotic nitrogen fixation of transconjugant 7653R-197(pJB5JI) compared to 7653R.pJB5JI could not restore the ability of 7653RD to nodulate Astra-galus sinicus.7653RD(pJB5JI) could form ineffective nodules on peas,implying that the symbiotic plasmid pJB5JI could express its function at the chromosomal background of Mesorhizobium huakuii 7653R.We checked the stability of plasmid in transconjugants under free-living and during symbiosis.The results indi-cated pJB5JI could not be detected in some nodule isolates.We amplified kan resistance gene from all transconjugants and nodule isolates which suggested that pJB5JI might fully or partially integrated into the chromosome of recipients.

Objective To investigate the value of three-dimensional speckle tracking imaging(3D-STI) in assessment of left ventricular regional systolic function in acute myocardial infarction model of dogs.Methods Left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery was ligated in 24 adult beagle dogs.Longitudinal strain(LS) of every left ventricular segment before ligation and 180 min after ligation,and the time for acquisition and analysis were obtained using two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI) and 3D-STI.After the experiment,left ventricular myocardium were determined by TTC staining and divided into two groups:infarcted myocardial segments and non-infarcted myocardial segments.Results Experimental model of acute myocardial infarction was established successfully in 20 dogs.After ligation,both LS of 2D-STI and 3D-STI in infarcted myocardial segments were significantly lower (P ＜ 0.01).The time for acquisition and analysis of the images by 3D-STI were significantly shorter than that by 2D-STI (P ＜0.01).The area under the ROC curve of 3D-STI was larger than that of 2D-STI.A cut-off value of-12.56％ for LS of the 3D-STI had 77.9％ sensitivity and 88.2％ specificity in predicting acute myocardial infarction.Conclusions 3D-STI is a convenient,accurate method for evaluating left ventricular regional systolic function.

After the antidepressant patents were retrieved from Innography, their distribution, R& D level, hot spots and core patents were analyzed , which showed that the largest number of antidepressant patents was produced in USA, the medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients were the hot spots, the technological and economic strengths of Pfizer, Novo and Sanofi-Aventis were relatively tremendous.The law-suited patents, reex-amined patents and patent strength were mined.

A total of 52 patients with chronic lateral epicondylitis were randomly assigned into platelet-rich plasma (PRP) (n =28) or corticosteroid (n =24) group.The visual analog pain scale (VAS) and Mayo elbow score had no significant difference between two groups within 1 week post-treatment.However,VAS and Mayo elbow score improved more significantly in PRP group versus corticosteroid group at Month 1 and 6 post-treatment (P ＜ 0.05).The PRP trigger point injection treatment of elbow lateral epicondylitis achieved clinical outcomes and it was superior to glucocorticoid treatment.

Objective To investigate the imaging features of Ewing's sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor (ES and PNET) in sacrum.Methods Imaging data were retrospectively collected and reviewed in 17 patients with ES and PNET confirmed by pathology.X-ray was performed in all patients,CT scans in 13 patients,and MR scans in 10 patients.Results All lesions were detected solitary and lateral.X-ray and CT features were lytic bone destruction in 12 cases,2 of them with bone sclerosis; one patient showed diffuse sclerosis.Soft tissue mass in pelvic cavity can be seen in 11 cases,9 of them with adjacent large blood vessels invasive and 4 patients with sacroiliac joints invasive.On post-contrast images,mild enhancement was found in 8 cases,and 5 patients with marked enhancement.MR images showed intermediate signal intensity on T1WI in 8 cases and heterogeneous moderate to high signal intensity on T2WI/fat suppression in 10 cases.DWI showed high signal intensity in 4 cases.Unlike CT scan,contrastenhanced MR images showed significant enhancement in 7 cases.Conclusions Ewing's sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor (ES and PNET) in sacrum have some specific imaging features.Imaging examination could provide reliable evidence for clinical diagnosis.

Objective To assess the toxicity risks of diphenylchlorarsine (DA) to environments, human beings and livestock. Methods Totally 120 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups and given DA by gastric gavage at the doses of 32, 30, 28, 26, 24, 22 mg/kg respectively for LD_(50) of DA in mice. The toxicity of DA in rat skin were evaluated by smearing 50 ?l DA at the concentrations of 140, 70, 35, 17.5, and 8.8 mg/ml to an area of 4 cm2, and that of eyes exposure was carried out by dropping 10 ?l DA of 140.7, 70, 7, 0.7 mg/ml in rat eyes. The counterpart skin area and eyes served as control. Results LD_(50) of DA in mice was 28.07 mg/kg, the estimated doses for no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOELs) were 8.8 mg/ml (0.44 mg) to the skin and 0.7 mg/ml (0.014 mg) to the eyes respectively. Conclusion DA can induce the injuries on the liver, kidneys, esophagus and stomach. High concentration of DA can cause inflammation of the skin and lens opacification, even blind.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of decompression craniotomy for the treatment of patients with malignant cerebral venous thrombosis. Methods The clinical characteristics,treatment process and follow - up results of 9 patients with malignant cerebral venous thrombosis treated with decom-pression craniotomy in Beijing Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University from February 2010 to August 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. Results The preoperative Glasgow coma scale (GCS)score of 9 patients was < 9,7 survived and 2 died. The conditions of 6 patients (preoperative GCS 8 in 1 case, GCS 6 in 3cases,GCS 4 in 1case,and GCS3 in 1case)were improved in combination with other control intrac ranial pressure treatment after craniotomy decompression surgery. They recovered well (Glasgow outcome scale, GOS 4 -5). One patient (preoperative GCS 4)had severe disability (GOS 3)after procedure;1 (preoperative GCS 3)was in deep comatose state at the time of discharge and died of complications after 1 month;1 patient with bilateral mydriasis (GCS 5)was treated with craniotomy decompression,and his pupils did not return,he had circulatory failure,gave up the treatment,and died. All patients did not have the complications directly related to the surgery. Seven patients survived and continued to use warfarin anticoagulation therapy for at least 6 moths after discharge. The controlled international normalized ratio (INR)was 2 -3. They were followed up for 3 months to 5 years. The head MRI re-examination did not reveal the recurrence of venous sinus thrombosis. The modified Rankin scales (mRS)score was 0 to 2 in 6 cases after 3 months. The other one (preoperative GCS 4)had ipsilateral cerebral hemorrhage on surgical site at 4 months after discharge. He was improved after withdrawing anticoagulation and using conservative treatment for 20 d (mRS score 4). Conclusions For patients with malignant cerebral venous thrombosis,when the patients have acute cerebral hernia or hernia tendency,the emergency craniotomy decompression surgery may save lives and enable patients to achieve a better quality of life.