Research in lymph node imaging has made great progress in recent years. With the increasing in-depth researches and clinical applications of MRI, PET and molecular imaging, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of detecting lymph node metastases have also been improved. Incorporating techniques such as various pulse sequences, contrast enhancement and lymph-node contrast agents has made MRI a superior method for detecting lymph node metastasis of breast cancer in clinical settings.

MRI and ultrasound technique have improved the diagnosis of glioblastoma and increased clinical value for themselves.Superselective intravascular perfusion chemotherapy/radiotherapy bring less damage,more local effectiveness and less adverse reactions,presenting bright future with involvement of anti-angiogenesis.Mechanisms of drug effect and recurrence of glioblastoma should be put in more emphasis for research work.Reducing diagnostic cost,promoting veracity and reliability of new techniques and intensifying the combination of Superselective intravascular perfusion and chemotherapeutic drugs will provide important significance for researches in the near future.(J Intervent Radiol,2007,16:284-286)

Since 1980s,the ultrasonography has been applied to diagnose cruciate ligament injury of the keen joint and undergone continuous development.At present,cruciate ligament injury of the keen joint can be diagnosed by many examination methods,such as X-ray,arthroscopy,magnetic resonance and ultrasonography.X-ray and arthroscopy are invasive.Magnetic resonance is accurate,but expensive.Ultrasonography could clearly display the anatomic and damaged structure of the cruciate ligament.Ultrasonography is an economical,practical,and noninvasive diagnostic method,and it is valuable in diagnosis of the injured cruciate ligamengt of the knee joint.This manuscript comprehensively analyzes the development of functional anatomy,biomechanics,clinical manifestation,type of damage and imaging features of the injured cruciate ligamengt of the knee joint.The imaging examination of posterior cruciate ligament used by high-frequency and low-frequency ultrasound is valuable for diagnosis of injured anterior cruciate ligament.

Non-vascular interventional diagnostic methods of thyroid nodules include ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology(USgFNAC)and ultrasonography-guided core-needle biopsy(USgCNB).USgFNAC is a practical method used to select and to guide the treatment of various thyroid nodules, however, it is difficult to make a differentiation between benign and malignant lesions simply to rely on the findings of a small number of cells.USgCNB has the advantage of being able to obtain satisfactory specimen enough for making a histological diagnosis, although this procedure is contraindicated in some patients.Non-vascular interventional treatments of thyroid nodules include percutaneous ethanol injection(PEI) and ultrasonography-guided interstitial laser photocoagulation(USgILP).Both PEI and USgILP have fine effect on the benign thyroid nodules.Compared with PEI, laser-induced necrosis can be well controlled, thus, the adverse reactions, such as the formation of fibrosis adjacent to the nodule, vocal cord paralysis, etc.can be avoided.Non-vascular interventional treatments may cause some untoward effects.For the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules, the non-vascular interventional procedure is simple, safe, effective and economic with less complications, therefore, this technique is worth being popularized in clinical practice.

0.05).The lobular sign was markedly more in peripheral pulmonary squamous carcinoma than in other histopathological group(P0.05).Conclusion There are certain relation between spiral CT appearance and histopathology in peripheral pulmonary carcinoma.CT appearance may be one of the evidence in diagnosing the histopathological type in peripheral pulmonary carcinoma.

Selective salpingogram(SSG)and hysterosalpingography(HSG)have achieved fairly reliable diagnostic value. SSG and transcervical fallopian tube recanalization(T-FTR)possess rather credible therapeutic value,long-term effect and low risk. Recanalization rate and pregnancy rate,combining with the measurement of tubal perfusion pressures(TPP)and development of ultrasonic technology,can evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety more generally and objectively. Researches in the future should lay emphasis on developing non-radiologic technique,promoting diagnostic veracity,reducing side effects,and establishing randomly control trials together with consolidating the standardized evaluation criteria.(J Intervent Radiol,2007,16: 714-717)

Objective To observe the renal expression of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) in diabetic nephropathy rats and the effects of Losartan as angiotensin II type 1(AT1) receptor antagonist.Methods Twenty-eight diabetic Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats induced with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin were randomly divided into two groups: diabetic rats without therapy(group D,n=14) and diabetic rats treated with Losartan(group L,n=14).Twenty SD rats were used as the control(group N).The urine and blood samples in 24h were collected after the treatment with Losartan for 10 weeks.The rats were killed and the renal expression of COX-2 was determined with immunohistochemistry.Results Expression of COX-2 in the nephridial tissue and the concentration of urinary thromboxane B_2(TXB_2) in group D were significantly higher than those in group N(P

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the first choice of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) missed opportunity of exairesis.Angiogenesis is one of the key factors that affect prospective efficacy.Counter-measures against angiogenesis mainly contain complete embolization of tumor blood supply and integration with angiogenesis inhibitors.The angiogenesis after TACE and the corresponding countermeasures were reviewed in this article.

From March 2000 to March 2003,15 cases of post internal fixation of fractures and arthroplasty infection were selected from Department of Traumatic Orthopedics,Tianjin Hospital,including 6 males and 9 females.The average age of re-operation was 56 years old.The average time from the primary surgery to diagnosis of infection was 0-19 months.Of the 15 cases,4 of arthroplasty infection underwent prosthesis extraction and temporary fixation with bone cement containing antibiotic and underwent another arthroplasty 6 months later.Of 11 cases of infection following internal fixation,the internal fixation was effective in 2 cases,and the fixation was removed after fracture healing,and ineffective in 9 cases.The fixation was removed primarily and focus of infection was cleared,lavaged with antibiotic solution,and another internal fixation was performed.The pus samples of 15 cases showed positive.Eleven cases(73.3%) had chronic infection including 9 occurring following fracture fixation and 2 following arthroplasty.Four cases(26.7%) had acute infection,including 2 occurring following arthroplasty and 2 following fracture fixation.No infection caused by blood circulation was found.The Gram-positive bacteria,staphylococcus aurens,staphylococcus epidermidis,and enterococcus occupied the most part of the infections in spite of the location and type of the infections,and Gram-positive bacteria-staphylococcus aurens was the most common.The order of the antibiotics sensitivity was Vancomycin,Rifampicin,Gentamicin,and Cephazoline.In addition,antibiotics sensitivity was varied in different infections.In samples of 15 cases,2 cases were sensitive to two bacteria at the same time following fracture fixation.The staphylococcus aurens,staphylococcus epidermidis,and enterococus are the high risk of injection following internal fixation of fractures and arthroplasty.The sensitive antibiotics and long-term medication are effective methods to treat the infection.

To some problems on imaging teaching in traditional Chinese medical university,the countermeasures are as follows: the teacher team constructions and research work were perfected;the teaching contents were compiled by full time teachers;carefully preparing,supervising and guiding teachers could improve class teaching.The clinic should face to practice,society and future,the objective of which is to cultivate practical graduates with knowledge,skill and creativity who can adapt to clinic fast.The various examination forms were applied.By above means,imaging teaching quality has been improved perfectly.