Drug addiction is a chronic relapsing brain disease that is characterized by compulsive drug use and persistence of drug craving. Drug abuse can lead to changes in the neuron structure and function of plasticity,alterations in molecules and cells,and ultimately to individual abnormal behavior. Current studies have found that epigenetic changes leading to the sustainability of gene expression is an important mechanism of drug addiction. In this review,we will systematically summarize the latest advances in epigenetic mechanisms of drug addiction. This review is expected to provide robust evidence that repeated exposure to drugs of abuse induces changes within the brain′s reward regions in three major modes of epigenetic regulation-histone modifications such as acetylation and methylation , DNA methylation,and non-coding RNAs. It promises a new perspective from which to gain insights into the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of drug addiction and a new area for epigenetic research on clinical drug addiction treatment.

Objective To compare the different effects of continuous and intermittent administration of etidronate disodium in bone formation for osteoporosis.Methods Fifty 3 month old virgin female rats weighing (200?10) g were divided equally into 5 groups:pseudo ovariectomized group (group A), ovariectomized group (group B),estrogen replacement group (group C),intermittent etidronate disodium administered group (group D) and continuous etidronate disodium administered group (group E).Postoperative 30 days,group C was given nylostricl 0 1 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 for 100 d;group D was intermittently given etrdonate disodium 10 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 for 14 d and after 35 d interval the drugs were given once more;group E was continuously given etrdonate disodium 10 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 for 100 d.All rats were given drugs orally and were killed at day 100.The bone density,bone mineral content and bone histomorphometrical study were made.Results The average of BMD values of group A,B,C,D,E were [(47 6?2 7),(31 6?7 0),(38 2?4 9),(41 8?8 4),and (29 4?9 4) ( [AKx-]?s ),mg/cm 2] respectively.The value of group E was significant lower than that of group A and group D ( P

Melorheostosis is a rare disorder of osteopathia. The clinical characteristics of melorheostosis in children is totally different from that in adults. The radiographic features of melorheostosis include the hyperostosis in endosteal on the one side of the cavum medullare and formed streakiness. The soft tissue contracture of the limb and joint deformities are the symptoms of melorheostosis. Here, the authors reported a melorheostosis case of 6 years old girl who suffered from severe valgus deformity of the right knee with permanent patellar dislocation. A surgical stabilization was applied with lateral soft tissue release, medial soft tissue stabilization and transferred the vastus medialis laterally (kinetic stability). After 19 years follow up postoperatively, the limb developed well in satisfied alignment with good function of knee joints, even participated in some sports activities. Other authors reported a similar case of melorheostosis with surgical treatment and achieved good outcomes in limb realignment and reduction. The further suggested that the surgical treatment should be produced before epiphyseal closure.

Objective To investigate effects of total flavonoids of litchi (TFL) on the proliferation of rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC-T6) in comparison with western medicine rosiglitazone, and to explore the mechanism of anti hepatic fibrosis of TFL. Methods Effect of TFL on proliferation of HSC-T6 was examined by MTT. The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) mRNA, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) mRNA in HSC-T6 cells exposured were examined by real-time quantitative PCR. Effects on HSC-T6 CTGF protein from TFL and rosiglitazone were detected by Western bloting. Results The expression of PPAR-γ mRNA was upregulated and the expression of CTGF mRNA and protein was downregulated after exposure to TFL and rosiglitazone for 72 hours. And the effect of TFL increased with the increase of concentration. Conclusion TFL can inhibit the proliferation of HSC-T6 and antagonizing liver fibrosis. This mechanism may be associated with the upregulation of PPAR-γ expression and the downregulation of CTGF expression.

Objectives To analyze the expression of fibroblast growth factor-19(FGF-19) in hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC) and adjacent tissues , and to investigate its clinical significance .Methods A total of 209 HCC patients who had undergone radical resection operations at Hospital 401 between January 2003 and December 2009 were chosen as samples . Immunohistochemistry method was employed to examine the expression level of FGF-19 in HCC and adjacent tissues .The relationship between FGF-19 protein expressions and clinicopathological features was analyzed by the chi -square test or Fisher exact probability .A survival curve was drawn using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox model was used to analyze factors that influenced survival .Results The rate of high expression of FGF-19 was 66.1% (138/209) in HCC, which was significantly higher than 46.9%(98/209) in adjacent tissues (P<0.05).The high expression of FGF-19 was related to the tumor capsule and tumor boundary (P<0.05).The overall survival in high expression of FGF-19 group was signifi-cantly lower than that in low expression group (P<0.05).Conclusion FGF-19 plays an important role in the carcinogen-esis and development of HCC , and a high expression of FGF-19 might be closely related to survival time of postoperative patients.FGF-19 might be a potential prognosis prediction factor for HCC .

OBJECTIVE:To observe the therapeutic effect of Shenfu Injection in combination of rougui for oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity.METHODS:A total of 73 cases with malignant tumor were randomly divided into control group and treatment group:the control group was treated with chemotherapy alone,in which oxaliplatin was included;the treatment group was treated intravenously with Shenfu Injection 40～60ml for 7～10d plus orally with 3g Rougui decoction prior to chemothera_py.RESULTS:Incidences of neurotoxicity for the treatment group and the control group were 13.5% and 55.6%,respectively.Significant differences were noted between 2 groups(P

目的观察MOTOmed智能运动训练系统对脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢运动功能和日常生活活动能力(ADL)的影响，并进行相关费用的分析和评价。方法将60 例脑卒中患者分为对照和治疗组各30 例，均采用常规康复治疗，治疗组在此基础上增加MOTOmed智能运动训练系统训练，并对每组患者在入组时、治疗2 个月和4 个月末分别采用简式Fugl-Meyer 评定法(FMA)、Barthel 指数(BI)对患者的上肢运动功能和ADL进行评定，并进行成本-效果分析。结果治疗后，治疗组FMA和BI 评分优于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者住院总成本之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)，治疗组各项指标每改善1 分(或5 分)所产生的相关成本费用明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组与对照组比较，上肢运动功能评分每增加1 分，少花费56.3 元；ADL评分每提高5 分，少花费278.5 元。结论脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢运动功能康复治疗中，应用MOTOmed智能运动训练系统是一种既经济又有效的康复治疗方案。

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of the modified esophageal capsule endoscopy (stringed esophageal capsule endoscopy,SCE) for esophageal diseases.Methods A total of 80 patients with esophageal related symptoms underwent SCE followed by esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD).The examination time,detection rate of esophageal lesions,complications and adverse effects were compared.Results All patients completed the study.The mean examination time of SCE and EGD was 226.18 ± 1 10.30 seconds and 21.28 ± 8.01 seconds respectively (t =-16.665,P =0.000).A total of 119 lesions were detected by SCE and EGD,and the diagnostic accordance rate of SCE and EGD was 82.4％ (98/119).Ten lesions of advanced squamous carcinoma,5 lesions of high grade intraepithelial neoplasia and 3 lesions of early squamous carcinoma were detected by both examinations,all of which were confirmed by histopathologic examination.The overall rate of complication in SCE (1.3％,1/80) was significantly lower than that of EGD (8.8％,7/80,x2 =4.238,P =0.040) and the rates of swallow difficulty (P =0.022),throat discomfort (P =0.007) and vomiting (P =0.000) of SCE were significantly lower than those of EGD.Conclusion SCE is a feasible,easy-to-operate,safe,well tolerated and accurate method for detection of esophageal diseases,and could be a non-invasive alternative for conventional EGD.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of memory alloy embracing fixators in fixation of the rib fractures and investigate the related surgical indications and surgical techniques.Methods Retrospectively review was conducted on the clinical data of 30 patients with rib fractures treated with memory alloy embracing fixators from October 2010 to April 2011 at General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command.The number of memory alloy embracing fixators used in operation,the number of fixed positions,and operation time were recorded.The pain scores before and after operation were comparatively studied.Operation efficacy and complications were analyzed.Results Of the 30 patients,the total operation time,number of fixators,and number of fixed ribs were (111.9±48.0) minutes,4.3±2.1 and 3.5±1.3,respectively.Meanwhile,the difference between pre-operative and post-operative pain scores was significant (6.93±0.88) points vs (4.04±0.62) points,P＜0.05).The ambulation perlod was (4.6±1.9) days and length of hospital stay was (27.2±10.8) days.Incisional and thoracic wall hematoma was detected in three patients and pulmonary infection in six post-operatively but none presented intractable chest pain,foreign body rejection or wound infection.Conclusion Memory alloy embracing fixators for rib fractures is reliable,easy,and effective in alleviating pain,improving lung function,reducing the frequency of ventilator use and preventing complications like lung infection.

Objective To understand the characteristics of schistosome cercarial infested water contact of residents in Poyang Lake endemic areas after the operation of Three Gorges Project,so as to provide the evidence for formulating a well-directed con-trol strategy. Methods The residents in two villages in schistosomiasis endemic areas were selected and surveyed for their activi-ties of infested water contacts by questionnaire. Results The proportion and frequency of infested water contacts of residents in Poyang Lake region were high and the average rate of infested water contacts was 69.77%,and 98.96%of infested water contacts occurred in spring,summer and autumn. The main ways of infested water contacts were fishing/swimming/playing for adult men, washing clothes/fishing for adult women,and swimming/playing for school children,respectively. The rates of infested water con-tacts were 73.33%,71.63%and 61.87%in adult men,women and school children,respectively. The frequencies of infested water contacts>1 time/week,1 time/week-1 time/month,and<1 time/month were 62.61%,23.74%and 13.66%respectively. Conclu-sions The infested water contacts mainly occurs in spring,summer and autumn,and the main way of infested water contacts was fishing. Farming and mowing grass,which had been the primary way,now become the secondary way for the adult residents.