Gluconobacter oxydans converts glucose to gluconic acid and subsequently to 5-keto-D-gluconic acid (5-KGA), a precursor of industrially important L(+)-tartaric acid. To increase the yield of 5-KGA, fermentation conditions of 5-KGA production was optimized. Under the optimum medium and culture conditions in the shake flask, the highest 5-KGA production reached 19.7 g/L, increased by 43.8% after optimization. In a 5-L bioreactor, the pH was controlled at 5.5 and dissolved oxygen (DO) at 15%, 5-KGA production reached 46.0 g/L, raised at least 1.3 times than in the shake flask. Glucose feeding fermentation process was further developed, and the highest 5-KGA production of 75.5 g/L with 70% of yield was obtained, 32.0% higher than the highest reported value. Therefore, this newly developed fermentation process provided a practical and effective alternative for the commercial production of 5-KGA, and further of L(+)-tartaric acid.
Bioreactors ; Fermentation ; Gluconates ; metabolism ; Gluconobacter oxydans ; metabolism ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Industrial Microbiology ; Tartrates ; metabolism

Objective To get TDRP1 gene of sterile and fertile boar of the Banna minipig inbred line (BMI), predict its function by bioinformatics analysis, and detect its expression patterns in the fertile boar.Methods Based on the NM_001198925 sequence, we designed specific primers and amplified BMI TDRP1 using RT-PCR method for sequen-cing and bioinformatics analysis.Meanwhile, the expression of TDRP1 in 17 organ tissues ( heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, thymus, lymph nodes, skin, duodenum, stomach, cerebrum, cerebellum, testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle, prostate, and bulbourethral gland) of fertile BMI boar and in the testis of sterile and fertile BMI boars was analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.Results The experiment obtained 680 bp cDNA sequence ( GenBank accession number:KJ186786) of BMI TDRP1, which encodes a protein of 186 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight (Mw) of 20.49 kDa and isoelectric point (pI) 5.86, and no signal peptide.It was a nuclear protein with a probability of 94.1%and had a leucine-rich nuclear export signals.Homology analysis of protein sequences revealed that BMI TDRP1 showed high identi-ty with that of humans, macaca mulatta, mouse and rat.The RT-PCR analysis showed that TDRP1 had a similar expression in the testes of sterile and fertile BMI boars.It was highly abundant in the seminal vesicle and prostate, moderately ex-pressed in cerebellum and testis and weakly expressed in cerebrum and kidney, while undetected in other 11 organ tissues. Conclusions We have cloned TDRP1 complete coding sequence, and found 2 SNPs,showing no difference in sequences and the testis mRNA expression levels between the fertile and sterile BMI boars.The multi-tissue transcription profile shows different expression levels in different organ tissues, being high in the seminal vesicle and prostate.The results of this study provide a foundation for further insight into the role of this gene in spermatogenesis.

OBJECTIVE To study the methods and curative effects of reconstruction of oropharyngeal defects after resection of tonsillar cancer. METHODS Nineteen patients with tonsillar cancer underwent operation. The choice of surgical procedure was decided on the size of the lesions. The tumor was resected through the hyoid approach and mandibular swing approach. Surgical defects were repaired immediately with tongue flap, temporalis myofascial flap, pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. RESULTS The functions of respiration, chewing, deglutition, and speech were restored satisfied in all patients. Partial necrosis of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap occurred in one patient, and mild difficulty of open mouth in 3 patients after repaired with temporalis myofascial flap. CONCLUSION Choosing what is optimum from multiple feasible surgical methods is prerequisite for better oropharyngeal function and quality of life in patients with tonsillar cancer.

This paper was aimed to investigate the changes of pulses under different emotional states.Based on the emotional pulse theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM),with college students as the research object,through films to stimulate different emotional expressions (i.e.,calm,sad and happy) of college students,the pulse recordings of college students were acquired in this study.The time domain parameters of pulses of college students under three types of emotional states were extracted.The difference among three groups of time-domain parameters was calculated by nonparametric test.Based on the time-domain parameters,the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier was used to classify three types of emotional states.The results showed that there were significant differences in three groups of time domain parameters (h3/h1,t and As/(As+Ad)).And the average recognition rate of three types of emotion states was 74.25％ based on the time-domain parameters of the pulse recordings.It was concluded that the pulse parameters can provide objective reference for emotional changes.It can be used to identify emotional states.

Bronchiectasis has the characteristics of long course,gradual aggravation,easy recurrence and difficult to treat.The characteristics are similar to those arouse by incubative pathogenic factors.Based on the theory of incubative pathogenic factors,this disease is often related to the incubative pathogenic factors in the body's areas with deficient healthy qi,which occur at regular times.The etiology can be external,congenital,or internal.Treatment should focus on different characteristics of incubative pathogenic factors.Attention should be paid to clearing and dispersing in external pathogenic factors,while attention should be paid to supporting and promoting healthy qi in congenital pathogenic factors,and do not forget to remove internal pathogenic factors.