To evaluate the effects of supplemental probiotics and xylo-oligosaccharide on performance,digestive enzyme activities,blood index and intestinal microflora.Two hundred and forty crossbred early weaned PIC piglets with an average initial weight of (6.83 + 0.9) kg,weaned at (21 ± 2) d of age,were divided into four groups.Control Ⅰ (positive diet,with no probiotics and xylo-oligosaccharide but more fish meal,whey powder and little soybean meal),Control Ⅱ (negative diet,with no probiotics and xylo-oligosaccharide but less fish meal,whey powder and more soybean meal),Negative diet + 0.035 % probiotics,negative diet + 0.002% xylo-oligosaccharide.The results of theses studies suggested that whey powder and fish meal from 5.50% to 2.50%,soybean meal from 22.50% to 26.50% could result in decreasing of alimentary canal enzyme activity,blood sugar,total serum protein and the quantities of Bacillus in appendix(P<0.05),and raising of serum urea nitrogen,the quantities of Escherichia coli in appendix,diarrhea indexes and Feed/Gain(P<0.05).Addition of probiotics and xylo-oligosaccharide could significantly improve the activities of alimentary canal protein,lipase and amylase(P<0.05),decrease Feed/Gain and the levels of blood sugar and decrease the levels of serum urea nitrogen and improve protein equilibrium in blood and energy metabolism.The quantities of bacillus were improved,Escherichia coli were decreased in appendix(P<0.05).Diarrhea indexes were decreased(P<0.05).Whether adding probiotics and xylo-oligosaecharide or not could not affect ADG and ADFI (P>0.05).Addition of probiotics and xylo-oligosaccharide could improve digestive function,beneficial microbial population of post-alimentary canal,Feed/Gain and prevent the diarrhea of piglets.

Methods: Clinical and neuromonitoring data of 207 consecutive adult patients who underwent cervical spine surgeries at multiple surgical centers using bimodal IONM were analyzed. Signal changes were divided into three groups. Group 0 had transient signal changes in either MEPs or SSEPs, group 1 had sustained unimodal changes, and group 2 had sustained changes in both MEPs and SSEPs. The incidences of true neurological deficits in each group were recorded. Results: A total of 25% (52/207) had IONM signal alerts. Out of these signal drops, 96% (50/52) were considered to be false positives. Groups 0 and 1 had no incidence of neurological deficits, while group 2 had a 29% (2/7) rate of true neurological deficits. The sensitivities of both MEP and SSEP were 100%. SSEP had a specificity of 96.6%, while MEP had a lower specificity at 76.6%. C5 palsy rate was 6%, and there was no correlation with IONM signal alerts (p=0.73). Conclusions This study shows that we can better predict its clinical significance by dividing IONM signal drops into three groups. A sustained, bimodal (MEP and SSEP) signal drop had the highest risk of true neurological deficits and warrants a high level of caution. There were no clear risk factors for false-positive alerts but there was a trend toward patients with cervical myelopathy.

Methods: Clinical and neuromonitoring data of 207 consecutive adult patients who underwent cervical spine surgeries at multiple surgical centers using bimodal IONM were analyzed. Signal changes were divided into three groups. Group 0 had transient signal changes in either MEPs or SSEPs, group 1 had sustained unimodal changes, and group 2 had sustained changes in both MEPs and SSEPs. The incidences of true neurological deficits in each group were recorded. Results: A total of 25% (52/207) had IONM signal alerts. Out of these signal drops, 96% (50/52) were considered to be false positives. Groups 0 and 1 had no incidence of neurological deficits, while group 2 had a 29% (2/7) rate of true neurological deficits. The sensitivities of both MEP and SSEP were 100%. SSEP had a specificity of 96.6%, while MEP had a lower specificity at 76.6%. C5 palsy rate was 6%, and there was no correlation with IONM signal alerts (p=0.73). Conclusions This study shows that we can better predict its clinical significance by dividing IONM signal drops into three groups. A sustained, bimodal (MEP and SSEP) signal drop had the highest risk of true neurological deficits and warrants a high level of caution. There were no clear risk factors for false-positive alerts but there was a trend toward patients with cervical myelopathy.

INTRODUCTIONThis study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes, and safety and efficacy of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (PPSF) in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures.

METHODSThis was a retrospective review of patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures treated with PPSF in a single hospital from 2010 to 2011. Baseline data included patient demographics, mechanism of injuries, fracture level, neurologic status and the number of percutaneous screws inserted. Kyphotic angle correction, vertebral body height restoration and mid-sagittal canal diameter improvement were used to assess radiological outcome. Screw misplacement, operative complications, functional improvement (ASIA score) and pain score on visual analogue scale were used to assess safety and clinical outcomes.

RESULTS21 patients with 25 thoracolumbar burst fractures were treated with 134 percutaneous screws. There was significant improvement in kyphotic angle correction (mean difference 6.1 degrees, p = 0.006), restoration of anterior and posterior vertebral height (mean difference 19.7%, p < 0.01 and mean difference 6.6%, p = 0.007, respectively) and mid-sagittal canal diameter (mean difference 15.6%, p = 0.007) on discharge. These improvements remained statistically significant at six months post operation for restoration of anterior vertebral body height (mean difference 9.8%, p = 0.05) and mid-sagittal diameter (mean difference 30.0%, p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONIn this first local review, we have shown that PPSF is a relatively safe and effective technique for treating selected thoracolumbar burst fractures, and that it yields satisfactory results. However, its long-term outcome and efficacy need to be further evaluated.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies ; Safety ; Singapore ; Spinal Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; injuries ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To collect and summarize the opinions of experts on the improvement of China's disease prevention and control system published in the public media, so as to provide reference for the relevant construction planning of the government. Methods: Articles were collected from January to May, 2020, which were published on Chinese mainstream media. Based on the analysis of literature and the basic characteristics of experts, Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to summarize the construction points of experts in different construction fields. Results: A total of 19 opinion articles were finally included in the study and 29 experts were involved. The suggestions of experts on the construction of China's disease prevention and control system were summarized into four aspects. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic is a challenge to the existing public health epidemic prevention and control system in China, and also an important opportunity for the development and construction of the related system.