Many complications occur in the early stage of post-orthotopic liver transplantation, six patients with or the ptopic liver transplantation, mainly contract hemorrhage,renal insufficience,acute host-vs-graftreaction,palmonary infectin,thoracic fluid and oral ulcer.We conclude in order to improver the postoperation survival of the patients it is very important to closely obere the change of patients and early recognize and deal with various complications on the basis of observing and nursing these patients

OBJECTIVE To explore the prevention measures against HBV infection among surgeons.METHODS On the basis of the comparison of the current prevention measures HBV infection during operation in the Eastern and Western countries,new prevention measures that HBeAg serves as a supervising and controlling index of HBV were studied.RESULTS The concentration HBV of HBsAg negative,HBeAg negative and HBeAg positive patients were(100-104),(100-106) and(102-109) ID/ml,respectively.HBV infective threshold value of single layer gloves was 105ID/ml,and that of double layer gloves was 106ID/ml.The viral concentration of all the HBsAg negative patients did not reach the infective threshold value of single layer gloves.83.88% HBeAg positive patients reached the threshold value,from them 80.65% was protected by HBV vaccine and 3.23% remainders exceeded the protection.CONCLUSIONS HBeAg serving as a supervising and controlling index of HBV infection can be an effective indicator which can reduce the risk of infection.It is more suitable for the current condition of our country.

Objective To investigate the influences of pain on early neonatal neurobehavioral development Methods 65 newborn infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit( NICU )of our hospital from October,2009 to March,2010 were randomly chosen as the objects of this study.In light of Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment( NBNA) revised by Professor Bao Xiulan,examinations were carried out before and after pain stimulation,and a statistical analysis of the results of the examinations was conducted.Results The total scores of NBNA before and after the pain stimulation were (36.49±1.73) vs.(34.80±1.79) respectively,demonstrating a significant difference.Specifically,after the pain stimulation,the scores of behavioral ability and active muscle tension decreased,with a very significant difference.However,there was no significant difference in terms of the scores of passive muscle tone,primitive reflexes and common reactions.Conclusions Neonatal pain exerts influences on early neurobehavioral development,particularly on behavioral ability and active muscle tension.The training of neonatal health care professionals in the management of and the intervention in neonatal pain should be strengthened in order to decrease the adverse effects of pain on neonates.

Objective To investigate the effect of diltiazem, one of calcium antagonists, on the function of rat beta cells and the re- lease of insulin induced by D860. Methods Intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTY) was conducted to assess beta-cell function of rats among control, dihiazem, D860, and dihiazem plus D860 groups, followed by treatment with dihiazem and D860 for 4 weeks respectively. Another IVGTT was carded out at the end of the study. Results The data showed that diltiazem could inhibit insulin released from normal SD rats. Moreover, it reduced the hypoglycemic effect promoted by D860. However, in long term, the rise of blood sugar in rats treated with D860 respectively was not found. Conclusion Diltiazem did not impair beta cells function and interfere the hypoglycemic effect of D860 in rats in long time.

Objective To evaluate the difference of carotid intimal medial thickness (IMT) among different glucose tolerance status and to investigate the association of IMT with different glucose levels of 4 time points during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and the lipid metabolic indices in non-diabetic subjects. Methods Eleven normal control subjects, 69 subjects with impaired glucose regulation (IGR) newly diagnosed by OGTT (including 28 patients with non-elevated OGTT 30 min and 60 min glucose values (

Objective To explore the relationship between histological chorioamnionitis(HC),fetal vasculitis(FV)and the morbidity of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(RDS).Methods Three hundred and forty-seven cases of infants at the gestational ages of 28 +0 to 31 +6 weeks who were admitted to the Neo-natology Department of our hospital from October 2009 to June 2013 were analyzed retrospectively.They were divided into four groups according to the occurrence of HC and FV,namely,HC positive group and HC negative group,FV positive group and FV negative group.The patients in the HC positive group were further divided into FV positive group and FV negative group according to the occurrence of FV.The morbidity of RDS among above-mentioned groups was compared.Results The clinical characteristics including propor-tion of male,gestational age,birth weight,cesarean delivery,antenatal corticosteroid use,gestational hyperten-sion,gestational diabetes and cholestasis of pregnancy showed no statistically significant difference among all the groups(P 〉0.05).The incidence of RDS in the HC positive group(145 cases)was 49.6%(72 cases), which was significantly lower than that in the HC negative group(67.3%,126 /202,P 〈0.05).The incidence of RDS in FV positive group(64 cases)was 42.2%(27 cases),which was significantly lower than that in FV negative group(63.3%,179 /283,P 〈0.05)In the HC positive group(145 cases),the incidence of RDS in FV positive group (64 cases)was 42.2% (27 cases),and 55.6% (45 cases)in FV negative group (81 cases),which showed no significant difference(P ﹦0.01 ).Conclusion (1 )HC or FV can reduce the incidence rate of RDS in premature infants.(2)HC combined FV cannot furtherly reduce the incidence of RDS.

Objective To explore the correlation between histological chorioamnionitis (HC) and brain injury in preterm infants. Methods Three hundred and forty-seven cases of infants at the gestational age of 28-31 weeks who were admitted to the neonatology department of our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. They were divided into the HC group and the control group according to the pathological examination. Moreover, HC group was divided into FV group and non-FV group according to the pathological findings of fetal vasculitis (FV). Based on the findings of periodical ultrasonography, the incidences of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (PVH-IVH), and the PVL+PVH-IVH were compared among groups. Results The incidences of PVL in the HC group and the control group were 17.9% and 10.3%respectively. The incidences of PVL+PVH-IVH in the two groups were 5.5%and 1.48%respectively, and the difference between two groups was signiifcant (P<0.05). The incidences of PVH-IVH in the two groups were 28.9%and 26.2%respectively, and the difference between two groups was not signiifcant (P>0.05). In the HC group, the incidences of PVL in FV group and non-FV group were 28.1%and 9.87%respectively, and the difference between two groups was signiifcant (P<0.05). The incidences of PVH-IVH in FV group and non-FV group were 34.3%and 24.7%respectively, and the difference between two groups was not signiifcant (P>0.05). The incidences of PVL+PVH-IVH in FV group and non-FV group were 7.81%and 3.70%respectively, and the difference between the two groups was not have signiifcant (P>0.05). Conclusions HC may increase the ncidences of PVL and PVL+PVH-IVH in the preterm infants, while its effect is minimal on PVH-IVH. FV could increase the incidence of brain injury in preterm infants.

Objective To investigate the changes in nunmber and function of natural killer ( NK ) cells in patients with newly-diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus.Methods Cell courning was performed in peripheral blood mononuclear cell ( PBMC ) subsets in 43 cases with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes ( T1D ),14 cases with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes( T2D ) and 21 cases of normal controls by flow cytometry sorting.And then,isolating and collecting NK cells were performed in T1D patients and normal controls.Real time PCR was performed to evaluate the mRNA expression levels of NK cell activity related genes IFN-γ,perforin,NKp46,and NKp30 in NK cells.Results Compared to normal controls,both the proportion and the absolute counting of NK cells in PBMC from patients with T1D were significantly decreased [( 102±86 )/μl vs ( 355±264 )/μ1,P＜0.01],while only the proportion of CD4+ cell were slightly increased( P＜0.05 ).No statistical difference was observed regarding CD8+ T cells ( P＞0.05 ).mRNA expression levels of NK cell activity related genes perforin and NKp46 in NK cells were remarkably down-regulated ( P＜0.05 ),while IFN-γ and NKp30 were not changed compared with normal controls.Conclusions The reduced number and functional deficiency of NK cells may lead to the immune dysfunction in T1D and play an important role in the development of T1D.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between interleukin-18(IL-18) and insulin resistance, measured by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods Forty-two young women with PCOS and 38 age-and body mass index (BMI)- matched control women were recruited in this study. A complete hormonal assay was performed and serum IL-18 level was determined in each subject. And euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp test was completed in 41 of the above subjects. Results Serum IL-18 levels were increased in the PCOS women, as compared with the control (P=0.033). When all subjects were divided into lean and obese groups, the IL-18 levels were slightly increased in the obese subjects (P=0.902). IL-18 levels were negatively correlated with all the clamp parameters [mean glucose infusion rate (M), M-to-insulin ratio (M/I) and glucose metabolic clearance rate (MCRg), r =-0.419,-0.396,and-0.405,P=0.006,0.010 and 0.009 respectively], but were positively associated with HOMA-β index(r=0.334, P=O.035). Conclusion Serum IL-18 level was significantly increased in PCOS women and was strongly associated with the parameters obtained from the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, indicating that IL-18 may be an important mediator between inflammation and insulin resistance.

Objective To study insulin sensitivity and first-phase insulin secretion in obese subjects with impaired glucose regulation (ICR) in Shanghai. Methods A total of 129 subjects [38 lean controls and 91 obese subjects with ICR including 64 isolated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) ,8 isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFC) and 19 IFC + ICT] underwent 75 g oral glucose tolerance test and insulin-modified reduced sample number (n = 12) of Bergman's minimal model method with frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGTT). Insulin resistance was determined from the insulin sensitivity index (S1) of the FSIGTT. Insulin secretion was determined during the FSIGTT by the acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg). The disposition index (DI) , the product of AIRg and S1, was used to determine whether AIRg was adequate to compensate for insulin resistance. Results (1) Compared with normal controls, the value of S1 was significantly decreased in 3 groups with ICR (all P