ObjectiveTo observe if augmentation mammaplasty with m in iprostheses can induce the length of incision and incidence of the capsular cont racture and silicone leakage in order to optimize the mammaplasty for micromasti a. Methods The study proposed a new augmentation mammaplasty w ith miniprostheses, which were a series of 10 ml siliconegel prostheses(minipros theses). The surgery was similar to the conventional augmentation mammaplasty. T he every miniprosthesis was inserted one by one beneath the pectoral muscle unti l the desired volume was achieved and defined very objectively during the surger y. The incision used was never more than 3 cm, and located in any of the sites a lready described in the literature. ResultsThe authors had per formed 5 cases of small breast. Follow-up duration ranged from 3 months to 6 y ears. The results were satisfictary. ConclusionsThere are some advantages of augmentation mammaplasty with miniprostheses, such as smaller inc isions, intraoperative assessment of the ideal size of the breast, low incidence of capsular contracture, facility in the handling of the technique, safety conc erning perforation of the implant and use for augmentation mammaplasty, and tot al and especially partial breast reconstruction.

Objective To study the histologic characteristics of the capsule of breast implant. Methods Four miniprostheses were seperatelly implanted in four positions beneath the panniculus carnosus muscle in 30 rabbits. After 3 weeks, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12 months, capsular histology examination and the assay of capsular collagen content and type were performed. Results ⑴ Capsule was divided into two layers: the inner layer was dense and the outer loose connective tissues. Collagen component was more, cellular component was less and capsule was thicker (P0.05). ⑵ Capsular collagen content increased gradually in 3 months (P0.05). ⑶Collagen fibers were the most component, reticular fibers were second and elastic fibers were least. After 3 months, elastic fibers decreased, and collagen and reticular fibers became full layer gradually. ⑷ Capsular collagen type I in the capsule was gradually increased and type III decreased before 3 months. There were no significant changes after 3 months. Conclusions Histology of the implant capsule is similar to that of scar and the result of wound healing around implant.

AIM: To investigate influence of biomimetic nanoapatite coatings of titanium surface on behavior of osteoblasts-like and provide evidence for surface modification and biological effects of titanium implant.METHODS: Biomimetic nanoapatite coatings were developed by functionally modified methods with a combination of topographic,chemical and biomimetic treatments on the surface of titanium(Ti) substrate.The biological behavior and bioactivity of functionally modified SLA implants with chemical and biomimetic treatments(SCB-treated Ti) were investigated to compare with untreated Ti and SLA Ti plates as controls.The cell attachment,proliferation,alkaline phosphotase(ALP) activity,cell morphology and differentiation were evaluated by using MTT,RT-PCR,scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and confocal laser-scanning microscope(CLSM) analysis system.RESULTS: The cell adhesion and proliferation were enhanced on functionalized titanium surface with nano-scale apatite compared to the controls.SEM micrographs also revealed that the osteoblast-like cells spreadly grew along the surface.Cell morphology and differentiation were further observed distinctly by CLSM graphs.Moreover,mRNA expression of alkaline phosphotase on the SCBtreated Ti increased obviously on the twelfth day compared with the controls.CONCLUSION: The in vitro results demonstrate the remarkable improvement on cell adhesion and proliferation of the biomimetic nanoapatite on SCB-treated Ti,which could improve early bone-implant interface bonding ability and be used for orthopaedic/dental implants.

0.05) The sensitvity is over 5 parasites/108 RBC. However, it is not satisfactory by using this method to detect P.vivax antigen.

The initiation and operation of the tissue repair program between the broken ends after fracture is very important for fracture healing, which goes through three intertwined and gradual evolution stages: hematoma inflammatory organization stage, primitive callus formation stage and callus remodeling stage. It is completed by a variety of tissues, cells and cytokines in the bone marrow cavity. In the study of the mechanism of fracture healing, it is found that there are many signal pathways and molecules regulating bone repair, including bone formation, bone remodeling and neovascularization. At the cellular level, it regulates osteoblasts, chondrocytes, osteoclasts and endothelial cells. Hippo signaling pathway is a signal pathway that maintains the size of organs and the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis, and also plays an important role in maintaining bone homeostasis and bone metabolism. In the process of regulating bone development and repair, it regulates the physiological activities of cells in microenvironment through protein kinase cascade reaction and transcriptional coactivator. The upstream and downstream effectors of Hippo signal pathway directly or indirectly regulate the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of bone metabolic cells, and the interaction with Wnt signal pathway, Notch signal pathway and other important pathways related to bone repair show that Hippo signal pathway plays an important role in the regulation of fracture healing and may become a new target to promote fracture healing. This article reviews the regulatory mechanism of Hippo signaling pathway and its regulatory role in the process of fracture healing, and looks forward to the research prospect of promoting bone healing by using it as a target.

BACKGROUND: There are many studies on the effect of different experimental parameters on the tetragonal phase of zirconia, but it is unclear whether pH values have effects on the tetragonal phase in hydrothermal reactionOBJECTIVE: To prepare two zirconia systems via hydrothermal method and to regulate the tetragonal phase purity and control the grain size of zirconia (ZrO2) crystal by pH values.METHODS: Analytical reagents Zr(NO3)4?5H2O and Y(NO3)3?6H2O were adopted as reactors, and nano-sized neat ZrO2 and yttria-stabilized tetragonal ZrO2 polycrystal (Y-TZP) powders were synthesized using the hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction was adopted to characterize the influence of pH values and pH regulators (NaOH solution and ammonium hydroxide/NaOH solution) on phase purity and grain size of tetragonal zirconia.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Pure zirconia samples with a grain size lower than 20 nm were obtained through the hydrothermal method, and samples with higher tetragonal phase content compared to monoclinic phase could be derived when the pH value was higher than 10. The optimal pH values for neat zirconia and Y-TZP were 13 and 12,respectively. Furthermore, the ammonium hydroxide/NaOH solution was more favorable to enhance the content of tetragonal zircona. Therefore, the control of pH values and rational choice of pH regulators can improve the tetragonal phase purity and grain size of zirconia.

Objective To screen the plasma differential expressed proteins in patients with Crohn's disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC)using surface-enhanced laser desorption ionizationtime of flight mass spectrometry,and to establish decision trees algorithms.Methods The plasma samples from 24 UC patients,25 CD patients and 25 healthy controls were analyzed with CM10 protein chip.The proteomic spectra of CD,UC and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)were compared with controls respectively.The differential proteins that significantly altered expression levels were selected to establish decision trees algorithms of CD.UC and IBD and then blind validations were tested.Results In the range of m/z 2000-30 000,differential expressed proteins that changed at least 2-fold between CD and controls were 9.between UC and controls were 5,and between IBD and controls were 11(P＜0.05).The software automatically picked up the m/z 8208 and 8837 as decision trees algorithms for differentiating CD from controls and m/z 6985 for differentiating UC from controls as well as m/z 8208,1752,28840 and 1702 for differentiating IBD from controls.The sensitivities of decision trees algorithms for CD,UC and IBD were 96%,82%and 91%respectively,and the specificities were 100%,85%and 100%respectively.Conclusions The protein of m/z 8208 which has high sensitivity in differentiating CD from controls is worthy of further study.

This paper reports an improved McAb-ELISA test in detecting blood stage P.vivax antigen in which the plates were coated with rabbit anti-P.cynomolgi poly-antibody and two monoclonal antibodies were used together for reaction. The coincidence rate with microscopically conformed P.vivax blood samples was 94.3% and the coincidence rate with microscopically negative blood samples was 96.1%. The sensitivity was over 1 parasite/106 erythrocytes.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of TLR4, TLR9 and DC-SIGN in primary and recurrent condyloma acuminatum (CA) lesions. Methods An immunohistochemical method using streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) was performed to detect the expressions and distribution of TLR4, TLR9 and DC-SIGN in tissue specimens obtained from the recurrent CA lesions of 30 patients, primary CA lesions of 30 patients, and from the foreskin of 20 normal human controls. Results The expression levels of TLR4, TLR9 and DC-SIGN in primary and recurrent CA lesions were significantly higher than those in normal control tissue (all P < 0.001), and the cells expressing TLR4, TLR9 or DC-SIGN were mainly located in the basal and spinous layer in CA lesions. There was no significant difference in the expressions of TLR4, TLR9 or DC-SIGN between primary and recurrent CA lesions (all P> 0.05). A positive correlation was found between the expression of TLR4, TLR9 and DC-SIGN in CA lesions. Conclusion The overexpression of TLR4, TLR9 and DC-SIGN probably plays an important role in the occurrence and recurrence of CA.

Objective To explore the demographic factors and the risk of the pedicle screw insertion of the narrow pedi?cles. Methods Thoracolumbar spine thin?section CT image data of 312 adults from September 2014 to September 2015 were ana?lyzed. The pedicle width,medial and lateral cortical thickness, spongy bone thickness, spongy bone thickness/cortical thickness, e angle and screw path length of each pedicle were measured. The incidence and the distribution characteristics of the narrow pedi?cle were analyzed. Anatomic parameters and age, gender and stature were compared between the narrow pedicle group and non?narrow pedicle. The risk of the pedicle screw insertion of the narrow pedicle was assessed. Results Among the 3 081 pedicles, 74 narrow pedicles were determined as their pedicles width were less than 5 mm, and the proportion of narrow pedicle was 2.40%. Among the 312 subjects, 26 subjects were found having narrow pedicles, and the proportion of individuals with narrow pedicles in the population was 8.33% (26/312). The incidences of narrow pedicle in thoracolumbar spine were T10 0.32%, T11 0.32%, T12 0.98%, L1 7.54%, L2 2.92%. The spongy bone thickness, spongy bone thickness/cortical thickness of narrow pedicle were lower than non?narrow pedicle. However, there were no significant differences of medial and lateral cortical thickness, e angle and screw path length between the narrow pedicle and non?narrow pedicle. Difference of the mean age between the two subjects groups had no statistical significance. The percentage of female in narrow pedicle subjects group was 84.6%(22/26), which was higher than that in non?narrow pedicle subjects group (49.7%, 142/286). The mean stature of the male and female of stenosis pedicle group subjects were 163.8±1.3 cm and 152.5±4.3 cm, which were shorter than those of non?narrow subjects pedicle group (169.5±5.6 cm, 160.1±6.6 cm). The percentage of the cortical bone breakthrough by the pedicle screws of narrow pedicle group was (84.6%, 27/32), which was higher than that of non?narrow pedicle group (14.7%, 33/224). Conclusion L1 is the most common segment of thoracolumbar spine that narrow pedicle exist, which is the result of reduction of the spongy bone thickness. Narrow pedicle mostly appears in short stature female. There is high risk of cortical bone breakthrough by insertion of the posterior pedicle screws in the narrow pedicle.