Fractal is a new conception.In this paper some knowledge of fractal is first described.Our research work of fractal application in Doppler ultrasound technique is reported.

The restriction between distance and velocity measurement in medical Doppler ultra-sound is first proposed in this paper.The reasons resulting in this restriction are also analysed.Then our method to estimate blood flow velocity profile is introduced,in which the restriction is avoided.The discussion of this restriction in medical Doppler ultrasound and the method to detect blood flow velocity profile are finally presented.

It was reported that human can perceive ultrasound with frequency ranges up to at least 120 kHz. Bone-conducted ultrasound perception has several medical applications, among which more attention has been paid to its application for hearing aid. The bone-conducted ultrasonic hearing aid technique can help the hearing-impaired retrieve hearing with bone-conducted ultrasound modulated by speech sounds. Studies of the characteristics and the perception mechanism of bone-conducted ultrasound are introduced in this paper and so as the bone-conducted ultrasonic hearing aid(BCUHA) developed by the Japanese Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. Current results show that the BCUHA can make more than 40 % of profoundly deaf subjects perceive sounds and 17 % recognize speech. The BCUHA exempt the hearing-impaired from suffering the surgery due to its non-invasiveness and is expected to have great application value.

Human biological activities last with the production of bioelectrical phenomenon.Once this electrophysiologieal environment changes,the body will be suffering from illness.Based on the development of electrophysiological and electrical stimulation,researchers have proven that electrical stimulation is beneficial to the improvement of function and statue of human body.As we know,many pathological changes such as wound healing,tissue regeneration,tumor growth and metastasis are all accompanied by neovascularization as well as hioelectrical phenomenon.This paper sives a review ofthe recent development of study on electrical stimulation effects on theneovascularization.

Objective To design a novel efficient CEA vaccine of fission epitopes with the vehicle of HPV16L1,and construct the recombinant baculovirus in Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system.Methods The recombinant baculovirus expression vector pFastBac1-V was constructed.HPV16L1 and CEA-PADRE synthesis primers were inserted into bacmid in E.coli DH10Bac with the help of Tn7 transposition system.Then the recombinant baculovirus was got by infecting insect cell sf9.Results HPV16L1 and CEA-PADRE synthesis primers that were cloned to the baculovirus transfer vector pFastBac1 were assessed by restriction analysis and direct sequencing.The recombinant baculovirus of the novel vaccine had been constructed.After infected sf9,the correct fragment was amplified by PCR.Conclusion The baculovirus of CEA vaccine of fussion epitopes with the vehicle of HPV16L1 was constructed.

非经典信号通路IKKε和TBK1与恶性肿瘤密切相关，多种因素激活IKKε和TBK1通路，可引起NF-κB途径的激活， 导致肿瘤细胞的凋亡减少、细胞周期加快，促进肿瘤发生和发展。抑制IKKε和TBK1信号通路，可增加多种细胞凋亡因子的表 达，抑制肿瘤细胞增殖，促进肿瘤细胞凋亡，同时提高化疗和放疗的敏感性。因此，阻断IKKε和TBK1信号通路可有效治疗恶性 肿瘤，已有的实验证实有多种阻断IKKε和TBK1通路的药物均具有良好的抗肿瘤作用。

Objective To study the correlation between clinicopathological characteristics and lymph node metastasis and prognosis of rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NET),and try to explore the choice of surgical approach.Methods The clinicopathological data of 48 postoperative rectal NET patients were collected.The univariate and multivariate analysis of the correlation between clinicopathologic characteristics and lymph node metastasis were performed by chi-square test and Logistic regression.The prognosis single factor survival analysis was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method.The survival rates were compared by Log-rank test.The prognosis multivariate survival analysis was performed by the use of Cox model.Results The results of univariate analysis indicated that clinicopathological characteristics related with lymph node metastasis were tumor distance from anal verge less than six cm,tumor diameter over two cm,muscularis invasion,distant metastasis and histological grade 3.The results of multivariate analysis showed that histological grade 3 was an independent risk factor of lymph node metastasis (OR=9.333,95 ％CI:1.054 to 82.635,P=0.045).The results of univariate survival analysis suggested that factors correlated with poor prognosis were tumor distance from anal verge less than six cm,tumor diameter over two cm,muscularis invasion,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis and histological grade 3.The results of multivariate survival analysis indicated that tumor distance from anal verge less than six cm (HR=0.215,95 ％CI:0.047 to 0.980,P=0.047),distant metastasis (HR=8.788,95％CI:2.612 to 29.571,P＜0.01) and histological grade3 (HR=5.510,95％CI:1.692-17.944,P=0.005) were independent factors associated with poor prognosis.Conclusions For histological grade 1 and 2 rectal NET patients without distant metastasis,radical surgery is recommended when tumor diameter over two cm or muscularis invasion exists.For histological grade 3 rectal NET patients without distant metastasis,radical surgery is recommended.

Objective: To observe the biocompatibility of acellular nerve scaffold (ANS) via three sterilization methods, to provide experimental data for tissue engineering industrialization. Methods: Pig sciatic nerves were cut and treated using the NaOH maceration method. ANSs were sterilized by ethylene oxide, ~(60)Co-irradiation and peracetic acid. Evaluated the biocompatibility by MTT, cellular compatibility test, collagenase susceptibility test in vitro and local implantation test. Results: ANS retained the integrity of structure and major components of the basement membrane. The result of MTT test showed that the ANSs via different sterilization methods had statistical differences. There were no overall significant differences in Collagenase susceptibility test. Scanning electron microscope results showed the skin fibroblasts could attach, proliferate and grow well on the surface and holes of ANS with sterilization of PAA and Co~(60),a small quantity of cells adhered on ANS with sterilization of ETO. Tests for local effects after implantation show that different sterilization methods don't effect the ability of ANS to resist the enzyme degradation. In ETO group, rats showed an acute inflammatory response followed by chronic inflammation. In PAA and ~(60)Co group rats showed an acute inflammatory response that diminished such that the graft ultimately became indistinguishable from native tissue, observations that were consistent with graft acceptance. Conclusion: Peracetic acid sterilization offers a convenient alternative protocol for ANS processing. ANS sterilized with PAA shows good compatibility and biologic safety. It is an ideal sterilization method for ANS.

BACKGROUND: There are many studies on the effect of different experimental parameters on the tetragonal phase of zirconia, but it is unclear whether pH values have effects on the tetragonal phase in hydrothermal reactionOBJECTIVE: To prepare two zirconia systems via hydrothermal method and to regulate the tetragonal phase purity and control the grain size of zirconia (ZrO2) crystal by pH values.METHODS: Analytical reagents Zr(NO3)4?5H2O and Y(NO3)3?6H2O were adopted as reactors, and nano-sized neat ZrO2 and yttria-stabilized tetragonal ZrO2 polycrystal (Y-TZP) powders were synthesized using the hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction was adopted to characterize the influence of pH values and pH regulators (NaOH solution and ammonium hydroxide/NaOH solution) on phase purity and grain size of tetragonal zirconia.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Pure zirconia samples with a grain size lower than 20 nm were obtained through the hydrothermal method, and samples with higher tetragonal phase content compared to monoclinic phase could be derived when the pH value was higher than 10. The optimal pH values for neat zirconia and Y-TZP were 13 and 12,respectively. Furthermore, the ammonium hydroxide/NaOH solution was more favorable to enhance the content of tetragonal zircona. Therefore, the control of pH values and rational choice of pH regulators can improve the tetragonal phase purity and grain size of zirconia.

Purpose:To assess the value and limitation of CT in staging colorectal carcinoma.Methods:CT was performed prior to surgery in 46 patients with 48 colorectal carcinomas for staging the tumor. The results were compared with those of surgical and pathological examinations in all cases in order to study the sensitivity of staging the tumor before operation.Results:(1) CT depicted 31 of 33 pathologically confirmed T4 lesions (beyond the serosa) in all 48 primary carcinomas,appearance of T4 lesion were defined as either strands of soft tissue or nodules into the peri-colorectal fat ,or hyperdensity of pericolorectal fat. (2)Pathologic examination of lymphatic metastases unfirmed 20 of 40 patients who underwent complete resections, and these lymph nodes were not larger than 1cm in 17 patients.The sensitivity is 70%(14/20)and the specificity 85%(17/20)respectively in detection of lymphatic metastases for CT. (3) The accuracy of CT staging was 81.25%,77.50% in T,N respectively in this group of patients,and CT showed all 4 cases of liver metastases and 6 of 7 peritoneal metastases. Conclusions:CT is accurate in detecting T4 stage of colorectal carcinoma. It is effective in depicting local extension and distant metastases. The value of CT for early T staging and N staging in colorectal carcinoma is limited.