ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors for airway management after tracheal extubation in old patients. Methods280 patients underwent general anesthesia were enrolled in the study. The procedure of anesthesia induction and maintenance were in the routine method. The patients were with tracheal extubation under clinical standards after operation. Dyspnea was recorded after tracheal extubation. They were divided into dyspnea group and general group. Twelve perioperative variables, ten variables in operation and six post-operative variables of two groups were compared respectively. ResultsThe incidence of dyspnea after tracheal extubation was 8.6％. Analysis identified that obesity( BMI ≥25kg/m2 ), preoperative lung disease and without postoperative neostigmine were the significant risk factors for dyspnea. ConclusionBMI≥25kg/m2 ,preoperative lung disease and without antagonist muscular relaxant were the main risk factors for dyspnea after tracheal extubation in old patients.

Asymmetric dimethylarginine(ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthases(NOS),which is a risk marker of cardiovascular endothelial dysfunction.Recent studies found that ADMA was a predictor not only for acute cardiovascular disease,but also for critical illness and mortality.Studies have found that exogenous ADMA altered lung function and induced apoptosis in animal experiments and vitro experiments.The levels of plasma ADMA significantly increased in children with hypoxia,PPHN,brain damage,and preterm infants who required mechanical ventilation.ADMA could be a independent risk factor to predict neonatal complications and death.

Objective: To establish a determination of content of paracetamol in xiaoersuxiaoganmao Granules.Methods: Differential spectrophotometry was used.Results: This method had a good linear relationship. The average recovery was 100.7%, RSD =0.92%, n =5, r =0.9998 Conclusion:This method can eliminate the interference of other components, and can be used for the quality control of preparation.

Objective To investigate the factors correlated with the visual outcome of idiopathic macular holes (IMH) after vitreoretinal surgery.Methods A total of 57 eyes of 57 patients with IMH were included.There were 43 females (43 eyes) and 14 male (14 eyes),mean age was (60.46±4.79) years.All the eyes underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA),slit-lamp microscope,three-mirror contact-lens and optical coherence tomography (OCT) examinations.BCVA were examined with interactional visual chart and recorded with logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) acuity.The minimum diameter and base diameter of macular holes and central retinal thickness (CRT) were detected by OCT.The average logMAR BCVA of 57 eyes was 0.98 ± 0.41.The minimum diameter and base diameter of macular holes were (479.53±164.16) μm and (909.14±278.65) μm.All the patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation.The mean follow-up period was (173.44 ± 147.46) months.The relationships between final BCVA and these parameters were examined by single and multiple regression analysis.The valuable influence factors were filtrated and formulated using multiple linear regression models.Results At the final follow-up,the logMAR BCVA of 57 eyes was 0.44±0.31,the CRT was (158.79±86.96) μm.The final BCVA was positive related to minimum diameter of macular holes and preoperative BCVA (r =0.420,0.448;P =0.001,0.000),negative related to postoperative CRT (r=-0.371,P=0.004).There was no relationship between the final BCVA and base diameter of macular holes,age and follow-up (r=0.203,-0.015,0.000;P=0.130,0.913,0.999).The incidence of preoperative BCVA for postoperative BCVA was bigger than preoperative minimum diameter of macular holes (P=0.008,0.020).Conclusion The preoperative minimum diameter of macular holes and BCVA are related to postoperative BCVA in IMH eyes.

Objective To analyze the relationship between genotype and phenotype of vitelline macular dystrophia (VMD2) gene in a family with Best disease, and to provide the theoretical basis for gene diagnosis of Best disease. Methods Mutation in the coding regions and the promotor sequence of VMD2 gene from 10 members in a family with Best disease were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct DNA sequencing, and combined with a conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE) approach, VMD2 gene screening was performed on 100 normal control individuals. Results In the 10 members, T→C nucleotide change at the 223 base of exon 3 was detected in 9, including 6 with Best disease who was confirmed by ophthalmoscopy and electrophysiological examination in whom 2 were affirmed as having homozygote of this mutation. Other 3 young family members with VMD2 gene mutation only had abnormal electro-oculogram manifestations. Above mutation was not detected in the normal control individuals. Conclusions The phenotype and genotype of VMD2 in the family with Best disease is highly correlated. Mutation in VMD2 gene is the nosogenesis in this family. Mutation screening of VMD2 gene can be used for genic diagnosis and genetic consultation of Best disease.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of eyes-closed (EC) and eyes-open (EO) EEG field powers on the auditory P300 evoke potentials.MethodsThe EEG was recorded in 12 healthy male college students (20 ～24 years) respectively in their eyes-closed and eyes-open states,and then the auditory P300 paradigm was performed.Results① Alpha band was distributed at the posterior-occipital area,while Alpha-1 (7.5～9.5 Hz) field power were EC as (2.62 ±0.81 ) μV2 and EO as ( 1.80 ±0.56) μV2,with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.01 ) ; Alpha-2 ( 10 ～ 12 Hz) field power were EC as ( 8.55 ± 1.85 ) μV2 and EO as (4.95 ± 1.59 )μV2,also with statistical significance (P＜0.05).②In P300,the Common stimulus elicited clear component N1 (90ms)and P2 (180ms) in the ERPs after stimulus,while there were no significant differences between EC and EO states.Correspondingly,the rare stimulus elicited clear component N2 (207 ms) and P3 (313 ms) in the ERPs after stimulus on-set.Comparing the differences of field potentials of the rare stimulus between the two states,N2field potential in EC ( (0.01 ± 0.71 ) μV) was smaller than that in EO ( ( - 2.13 ± 0.80 ) μV ),with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05 ) ; while P3 field potential in the EC ( ( 4.16 ± 1.08 ) μV ) was smaller than that in EO ( (4.78 ± 1.20) μV),but without statistical significance (P ＞ 0.05 ).ConclusionThe alpha field power is higher in eyes-closed than in eyes-open state,while performing the same auditory P300 paradigm,significant reduction of field potential in the N2 component are observed in eyes-closed than in eyes-open state.

Objective To investigate the gender differences and the effect of three factors(the angle of rotation, left/right,palm/back) on hand mental rotation. Methods 40 healthy adults (20 males and 20 females, age; 18～26 years) were enrolled in this study. By simulation of human hand as picture stimuli,participants were instructed to decide as quickly as possible whether the stimulus was a left or right hand. The accuracy rate and reaction time of the behavior task were quantified. Results ① the subjects' reaction speed was far slower at 180° than 0°(P＜0.01). ②On judgment of 0° back picture,females were faster than males(left back: males( 1033. 16 ±245.85) ms,females( 853.15 ± 142.79) ms,P=0.014; right back; males( 973.07 ±217.11) ms;,females (796.28 ±146.67 )ms, P = 0.016). And,the right hand was responded faster than left hand,with statistical significance (males; P = 0.028, females; P=0.038). ③The time of females in judging the 0° hand back ( left (853. 15 ± 142.79) ms,right (796. 27 ± 146. 67 ms) ) was shorter than palm(left ( 1002. 72 ± 227. 91) ms,right ( 986.06 ± 230. 03) ms), reached statistical significance ( both at P ＜ 0. 001). In contrast, males in judging the 180° pictures, the speed of reaction to back(left ( 1252. 70 ±269. 35) ms,right ( 1216. 68 ±293. 54 )ms) was slower than palm with statistical significance (left: P ＜ 0. 01, right: P = 0. 015). Conclusion The three factors (angle of rotation,left/right,and palm/back) all exert effect on the behavior of hand mental rotation. It really has gender difference on hand mental rotation. Females response faster than males.

0.05).Tumor formation was found in subgroups of positive CXCR4 cells(7 ? 103 ).Negative and positive CXCR cells were inoculated into 3 mice respectively at the concentration of 5 ? 105 and 2 ? 104 cells.No metastasis occurred in the former group.However,lung metastasis was found in 2 mice and ear metastasis was observed in 1mouse of the latter group.Conclusion Subgroups of positive CXCR4 cells in LLC are characterized by certain properties of cancer metastatic stem cells and have the ability to renew themselves and metabolize.

Objective To analyze the differential expressions of miR-146a,miR-206,miR-223 and let-7c-1,such as cell differentiation-related miRNAs,in CXCR4-positive and CXCR4-negative subsets of the Lewis lung cancer cell lines(LLC).Methods CXCR4-positive and CXCR4-negative subsets were isolated from LLC by immunomagnetic beads sorting,and then their total cellular RNA were extracted by Trizol,expression of 4 miRNAs were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(TaqMan probe),and potential target genes of miRNA whose differential expression was the most significant were predicted.Immunohistochemistry was carried out to confirm differential expression of the key molecule of certain research value within CXCR4-positive and CXCR4-negative subsets growing tumor tissue,and a BLAST search was performed to identify homologies of its 3′UTR.Results Compared to CXCR4-negative subsets,the expression of 4 miRNAs were lower in CXCR4-positive subsets,and expression of miR-223 had the most significant difference(Fold change=8.26).By softwares forecasting,miR-223 had potential target sites of IGF1R,IGFBP5,Pik3cb,ELK-1 and E2F1 mRNA,such as key molecular of IGF1R signaling pathway.The expression of IGF1R of CXCR4-positive subsets growing tumor tissue was significantly higher than that of CXCR4-negative subsets.Conclusion miR-223 is lowly expressed in CXCR4 positive cells from Lewis lung carcinoma cell lines.Position 238～244 nt and 688～695 nt in target sequences of 3′UTR of IGF1R mRNA was highly homologous by screening.Close correlation is found between miR-223 and IGF1R signaling pathway.The mechanisms underlying this biologically important finding need to be further explored.

Objective To research the visualization of congenital heart disease by three-dimensional echocardiographic(3DE) virtual endoscopy(VE) system. Methods Datasets.from 10 healthy children and 22 patients with congenital heart disease were collected (10 patients with atrial septal defects, 6 patients with ventricular septal defects and 6 patients with tetralogy of Fallot). 3DE heart models were reconstructed by virtual reality computing techniques and visualization in scientific computing techniques. The VE system was programmed under the C++ 6.0 language condition,the visualization toolkit (VTK) platform was employed to carry out the graphics and visualization utilities. The virtual eye can move along the navigation paths in the heart by manual camera movements. Results The VE can provide special information in aspects of intracardiac anatomy, The visible heart models show precisely complex anatomy structure and spatial relationships. 3DE intracardiac endoscopic imaging can thus be visualized and navigated successfully by the VE system. Conclusions 3DE VE is a new system for the visualization of congenital heart disease.