Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have unhealthy diets, sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity. This lifestyle triggers liver disease and probably favors its progression. It is now the most common significant cause of end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. From the perspective of non-pharmacological intervention, lifestyle modifications including diet, exercise, and weight loss remain the most effective therapy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Bariatric surgery in morbidly obese individuals who have failed to lose weight through lifestyle modifications can improve steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Comprehensive treatment measures can produce synergistic effect, but long-term adherence is particularly critical.

Objective To investigate the performance of Injury Severity Score (ISS), New Injury Severity Score (NISS), Revised Trauma Score (RTS), CRAMS (circulation, respiration, abdomen, motor, speech)score and combined score on the trauma response of trauma patients. Methods Data of acute trauma patients from March 2014 to February 2015 were chosen as the research object. The clinical information at admission was recorded, and the ISS, NISS, RTS, CRAMS and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ) were calculated. The optimal cut-off values were looked for the comparability between the four scores and APACHE Ⅱ score were figured out by ROC curve. The joint diagnosis combined physiological score with anatomical score in overlap mode was used for comparing sensitivity and specificity. Results There was a total of 1 020 patients included in the study. APACHEⅡscore ≥20 was found 711 cases, and APACHEⅡ<20 was 309 patients, and there were significant statistic differences in ISS score (U=11.347, P<0.05),NISS score (U=11.969, P<0.05),CRAMS score (U=8.194, P < 0.05) and RTS score (U=8.357, P < 0.05) between two groups. It was showed by ROC curve analysis that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of ISS, NISS, CRAMS and RTS was 0.907, 0.941, 0.768 and 0.803 (all P<0.05). Compared with the trauma score, combined scores could increase the sensitivity of the prompt assessment of trauma severity in trauma patients, but the combined scores may also reduce the specificity. Conclusions Of these four scoring systems, NISS has the best correlation with APACHEⅡ. Compared with the trauma score, combined scores can increase the sensitivity of the prompt assessment of trauma severity in trauma patients, but the combined scores may also reduce the specificity.

Hypertriglyceridemia, and the ectopic deposition of triglycerides, are the risk factors for insulin resistance. To clarify the mechanism of regulations in triglyceride metabolism is an approach to the elucidation of pathogenesis and effective treatment of insulin resistance-related diseases.

To observe the morphological changes in hair cell nuclei in guinea pigs following noise exposure, guinea pigs were exposed to 4 kHz narrow band noise at 115 dB SPL for 4h. The cochleae were collected for the examination of the hair cell nuclei 14 days after the noise exposure. A fluorescent dye, Hoechst 33342,a fluorescent dye, was used to label the nuclear DNA and the specimens were examined under a fluorescence microscope for quantitative assessment of hair cell nuclear damage. There were three types of morphological changes in the damaged hair cell nuclei: nuclear swelling, nuclear condensation (karyopyknosis) and nuclear missing. Nuclear swelling was more frequent than nuclear missing. Nuclear condensation was less frequently found. The results suggested that complicated, long term and non synchronous biological processes might be involved in noise induced hair cell damage. A large number of hair cells with swollen nuclei, which might recover afte wards,still could be seen in the cochlea two weeks after noice exposure.

Objective: To investigate the effect of retinoic acid on the differentiation and development of B lymphocytes, and explore the mechanism of vitaminA in increasing the production of antibodies. Method: In vitro cultured cells from children’s normal mesentery lymph nodes, before and after administration of retinoic acid or retinoic acid antagonist, the changes of cell surface markers were analyzed by flowcytometry to observe the differentiation and maturation of B cells. Results: During culture in vitro, the percent of mature CD19+IgM+ B cells increased and relatively immature CD19+IgM- B cells decreased gradually, and the changes were especially obvious at 48 h. The administration of retinoic acid further increased the percent of CD19+IgM+ B cells, and the enhancement was markedly at 24 and 48 h (P

Objective: To investigate the influence of the expression of retinoic acid receptor genes on the development of B cells in lymph nodes of young children. Method: In situ hybridization was performed on the frozen section of lymph node of young children (≤age 5 ). Six digoxin labeled antisense RNA probes for retinoic acid receptors mRNA(RAR?、?、?、RXR?、?、?)were used. The expression and distribution of retinoic acid receptor genes in lymph nodes and their influence on the differentiation and maturation of B cell were observed. RT-fluorescent PCR was also used to observe the expression levels of retinoic acid receptor genes and their relation to the maturation of B cells. Results: In situ hybridization showed all the 6 retinoic acid receptor genes were expressed in lymphocytes and reticular cells of lymph node, and the distribution was widespread. RT fluorescent PCR also showed a varying expression of 6 retinoic acid receptor genes in lymph node among different age children, but lower in children younger than 1 year, and then increased gradually with the development of immune system. Conclusion: The expression and regulation of retinoic acid receptor genes may take part in the ontogenesis of B cells, and play a key role in the regulation of retinoic acid and enforce the anti-infective immunity in children.

Expression of apelin mRNA in the isolated mouse adipocytes was confirmed by Northern blot. The level of apelin mRNA increased during stage of differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. Insulin up-regulated the apelin expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, suggesting that apelin expression in adipocyte may correlate with obesity, insulin resistance and hypertension.

Objective To study the effect of shortening the time of initial oral intake and fluid intake after general anesthesia in patients receiving oral and maxillofacial surgery on promotion of postoperative recovery. Methods A total of 116 patients were divided into the control group and the observation group with 58 cases in each group by random digit table from January 2014 to December 2015. Patients in the control group were allowed to take food orally 6 h after they regain analepsia from anesthesia;while those in the observation group were allowed to drink water after 2 h upon analepsia from anesthesia and take liquid food after 4 h. The mis-aspiration, the fasting glucose, blood pressure, heart rate and the rate of hunger, thirst, nausea, vomiting as well as blood pressure and heart rate were observed. Results The rates of hunger, thirst, nausea, vomiting in the observation group were 17.2%(10/58), 5.2%(3/58), 12.1%(7/58), 1.7%(1/58), which were significantly lower than those in the control group, which were 94.8%(55/58), 91.4%(53/58), 36.2%(21/58), 10.3%(6/58), and there were significant differences(χ2=7.484-54.772, all P<0.05). The fasting plasma glucose level in the observation group [(4.93 ± 0.85)mmol/L] was higher than that in the control group [(4.05 ± 0.51)mmol/L],and there was significant difference(t=-7.152, P<0.05). There were significant differences in blood pressure 3 h and 5 h after operation compared with those of the control group(P<0.05). Conclusions Shortening the time of taking food for patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery can relieve uncomfortable symptoms , prevent hypoglycemia and the hemodynamic disturbance after anesthesia and promote recovery,early postoperative feeding should be suggested on the premise that they are fully awake.

Humans ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy*

BACKGROUND: Tissue engineering plays an important role in treating rotator cuff injury. Promoting the healing of injured rotator cuff and preventing adhesion by regulating growth factor expression are main functions. OBJECTIVE:To compare the effects of corticosteroids and hyaluronic acid on the expressions of epidermal growth factor (EGF),platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF),transforming growth factor ? (TGF-?) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in injured rotator cuff. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING: The randomized controlled animal experiment was performed at the Animal Experimental Center,School of Medicine,Shanghai Jiao Tong University from July to September 2007. MATERIALS: Totally thirty-six Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned into four groups: normal group (n=6),rotator cuff injury group (n=6),hyaluronic acid group (n=12) and corticosteroids group (n=12). METHODS: Full-thickness defects across 50% of the total width (5 mm) of the bilateral infraspinatus tendon were excised. Models of rotator cuff injury were created at the synovium. 0.05 mL hyaluronic acid was injected into the subacromial bursa mucosa in the hyaluronic acid group,whereas 0.05 mL corticosteroids in the corticosteroids group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: At three and six weeks after injury,the infraspinatus were harvested to detect EGF,PDGF,TGF-? and BFGF by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: By using corticosteroids treatment,the expression of EGF remained greater at the six weeks than twofold at the three weeks; the expression of EGF after hyaluronic acid treatment greatly decreased at six weeks (P