For professional degree graduate students, we improved the clinical teaching of pe-diatric surgery, on the basis of traditional forms of practice teaching, combining application of longitu-dinal cross major pediatric surgical practice. We had the student tracking patients from outpatient ser-vice and by going through the process of after examination, treatment, follow-up, and summarizing. students learnt all characteristics of the disease, expended their knowledge and grasped the correct, novel clinical thinking of diagnosis and treatment. The implementation of these measures obtained sat-isfactory teaching effect.

Put forward opinions and suggestions about characteristics of the new era of medical disputes pre -vention treatment through the analysis of a hospital in the past five years occurred in 44 medical disputes .We must fo-cus on innovation and long -term mechanism to prevent medical malpractice , medical malpractice to further improve the prevention, comprehensive mechanism , and continuously improve the effectiveness of medical dispute processing services.

ABSTRACT:Many studies show that helminth‐derived molecules can induce immunoregulatory cells to form immune net‐work‐mediated immune ,thereby inhibiting allergic and autoimmune diseases .Helminth parasites can induce immune cell activa‐tion and produce cytokine .And parasites play an inhibitory effect to affect other immune related diseases .However ,the associ‐ation between helminths infections and immune related diseases does not always have an unequivocal outcome .While some hel‐minths infections protect against allergic diseases ,other helminth can exacerbate this immunopathology .

Objective To study the survival, migration and distribution of allogeneic marrow stromal cells (MSCs) which were marked with fluorescence agent Hoechst 33342 in vitro and then transplanted into the mice with acute radiation injury, and to explore the hematopoietic reconstitution in allogeneic MSCs transplantation. Methods The bone marrow of murine femoral bone was washed out with DMEM, the cell suspension was gathered and centrifuged twice, and then the MSCs were cultured in vitro, marked with Hoechst 33342 at final concentration of 10?g/ml. 30 minutes later, the MSCs were gathered and transplanted into radiation injured mice via intravenous injection. Each mouse was injected with 2?105 MSCs. The distribution of marked MSCs was observed in heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney of radiation injured mice at time points of 1w, 2w and 3w after MSCs transplantation. Results After being marked with Hoechst 33342, the nuclei of MSCs were in bright blue color. All mice of MSCs-transplant-group survived until execution, but three mice of Non-MSCs-transplant-group died during three weeks. Only a few marked MSCs were found in heart, liver, lung and kidney in the frozen section at each time point, but a large number of marked MSCs were found on the surface of spleen, and colonies were formed two weeks after introduction of MSCs. Conclusions Transplanted MSCs can not only survive in the irradiation injured mice, but also specifically migrate to the injured site, to participate in the reconstitution of hematopoiesis after acute radiation injury.

Objective To compare the cerebral protection effect of unilateral and bilateral antegrade selective cerebral perfusion during total aortic arch replacement. Methods From June 2003 to March 2004, 16 patients undergoing total aortic arch replacement were divided into two groups, randomized: unilateral antegrade selective cerebral perfusion (unilateral group, n=8) and bilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion (bilateral group, n=8). Preoperative and postoperative brain CT scan were performed. During the operation, the pressure in innominate artery and left common carotid artery were monitored. Blood gas samples were drawn from jugular venous bulb. Results There was no postoperative death and all patients were discharged from hospital. No new brain infarction occurred. Transient neurological dysfunction occurred in 1 patient of each group. In unilateral group, the pressure in innominate artery was higher than that in left common carotid artery during antegrade selective cerebral perfusion (P0.05). Conclusion Both methods of brain protection for patients undergoing total aortic arch replacement resulted in favorable levels of mortality and morbidity. The circle of Willis was patent and collateral flow was adequate. Unilateral antegrade selective cerebral perfusion has the advantage of simplicity. The bilateral perfusion pressure was more even in bilateral antegrade selective cerebral perfusion, and whether bilateral antegrade selective cerebral perfusion carry a higher risk of embolism need further investigation.

Objective To evaluate the application status of China Disease Prevention and Control Information System of Hy?datid Disease,in which questions existed are summarized in order to promote the system update. Methods A questionnaire was designed and distributed to Inner Mongolia,Sichuan,Tibet,Gansu,Qinghai,Ningxia,Xinjiang and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps to evaluate the application status of China Disease Prevention and Control Information System of Hydatid Disease assistant with telephone. Results The recovery rate of questionnaires was 87.5%. The statistics of closed questions showed that national application rate of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System of Hydatid Disease was 100%,of which 15.3%were low frequency users,57.1%believed the system was necessary,28.6%considered it was dispens?able,and 14.3%believed that it was totally unnecessary. The statistics of open?ended questions indicated that 6 endemic regions suggested to increase the guidance and training,while 4 endemic regions had opinions on sharing the information of the national infectious disease reporting systems and hydatid disease prevention and control information system,and the opinions on turning monthly report to quarterly report,and increasing statistics and analysis module,and 3 endemic regions deemed that the system had logic errors and defects. Conclusion The problems of the system are mainly focused on the existence of systemic deficien?cies and logic errors,lacking of statistical parameters and corresponding analysis function module,and lacking of the guidance and training,which limits the use of the system. Therefore,these problems should be resolved.

Objective To determine the clinical use of CM on interventional therapy for middle and late stage cancer.Methods We observed the effect of clinical administration on the patients with interventional therapy or inteventional therapy plus CM,control with themselvies.Results 38(76%) out of 50 patients got better than that of preadministration,cancer mass decreased.Conclusion CM can increase the sensitivity of carcinoma cells to chemicals and decrease its sideeffect.

The antioxidative capability and Na+-K+-ATPase α1-subunit mRNA expression in myocardium of hypothyroid rats induced by low-iodine diet were observed. The results showed that the antioxidative capability of myocardium decreased, resulting in lipid peroxidative damage, atrophy of myocardial cells and chondrification of tunica intima, along with decreased expression of sodium pump α1 subunit mRNA in hypothyroid rats.

Objective To establish a stable and repeatable experimental partial bladder outlet obstruction(p-BOO)rat model and to figure out the impaction of p-BOO on detrusor biomechanical properties.Methods P-BOO animal model was established by partialligation of the bladder neck of male Wistar rats,a urethra stricture by laying a trochar outside of bladder neck.The rats were divided into sham-operation group,P-BOO 6 weeks group(P-B006W)and P～BOO 12 weeks group(PBOO12W)by time.Cystomety was performed in P-BOO6W and the rats were divided into detrusor instability group(DI)and destrusor stability group(DS)on the basis of destrusor stability.The active contraction of detrusor muscle stripes to Carbachol was recorded with tensile foree transducer.The compliance and maximum volume of bladder,bladder leak point pressure were examined by filling cystometry.Results The bladders of P-BOO animal model demonstrated typical post obstruction alterations after P-BOO.The maximum volume increased significantly in DI group(10.8±3.0)ml,DS group(10.3±1.9)ml and P-B0012W group(9.5±2.3)ml as compared with that in sham-operation group(2.1±0.3)ml(P＜0.05).The bladder leak point pressures were significantly higher in DI group(39.4±7.1)cm H2O,DS group(35.9±6.2)cmH2O and P-B0012W group(48.6±9.5)cm H2O as compared with that in sham-operation group(16.2±2.1)cm H2O(P＜0.05).The bladder compliances were significantly higher in 13I group(0.27±0.08)ml/cm H2O,DS group(0.29±0.05)ml/cm H2O and P-BOO12W group(0.21±0.05)ml/cm H2O as compared with that in sham-operationgroup(0.13±0.03)ml/cm H20(P＜0.05).The detrusor contractile force of DI group was significantly lower than that in the sham-operation group and DS group(P＜0.05).No definite contraction wave was detected in the detrusor muscle of P-BOO12W group(amplitude＜0.05g).Conclusions There are 2 different types of the detrusor contraction after P-BOO:DI group with impaired contraction and conversely DS group with compensatory contraction.The contractility of detrusor muscle will be damaged and even irreversible contractile function incapacitation will occur if the obstruction is not removed.The effect of bladder stability tO bladder compliance is inconspicuous and there is close correlation between bladder compliance and bladder capacity.

Objective To observe the association between homocysteine (Hcy)level and low limb vascular disease(LLVD) in newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. Methods The study subjects were divided into three groups : control group (NC), newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes group without peripheral artery disease (T2DM) and peripheral artery disease with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes group (T2DM+LLVD).Both Hcy and the ankle-brachial index(ABI) were measured in three groups. Results Compared with NC group, clinical parameters of body mass index,waist-to-hip ratio,systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C),and glycated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) increased markedly,and the content of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) was markedly lower in both T2DM and T2DM+LLVD groups.In T2DM+LLVD group the contents of Hcy,LDL-C and HbA1c were markedly higher than in T2DM group,but the content of HDL-C decreased significantly.Hcy was independently associated with the development of peripheral artery disease in newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients by logisitic regression analysis. Conclusions Increased Hcy is an independent risk factor for peripheral artery disease in newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes.