For professional degree graduate students, we improved the clinical teaching of pe-diatric surgery, on the basis of traditional forms of practice teaching, combining application of longitu-dinal cross major pediatric surgical practice. We had the student tracking patients from outpatient ser-vice and by going through the process of after examination, treatment, follow-up, and summarizing. students learnt all characteristics of the disease, expended their knowledge and grasped the correct, novel clinical thinking of diagnosis and treatment. The implementation of these measures obtained sat-isfactory teaching effect.

Put forward opinions and suggestions about characteristics of the new era of medical disputes pre -vention treatment through the analysis of a hospital in the past five years occurred in 44 medical disputes .We must fo-cus on innovation and long -term mechanism to prevent medical malpractice , medical malpractice to further improve the prevention, comprehensive mechanism , and continuously improve the effectiveness of medical dispute processing services.

Objective To study the survival, migration and distribution of allogeneic marrow stromal cells (MSCs) which were marked with fluorescence agent Hoechst 33342 in vitro and then transplanted into the mice with acute radiation injury, and to explore the hematopoietic reconstitution in allogeneic MSCs transplantation. Methods The bone marrow of murine femoral bone was washed out with DMEM, the cell suspension was gathered and centrifuged twice, and then the MSCs were cultured in vitro, marked with Hoechst 33342 at final concentration of 10?g/ml. 30 minutes later, the MSCs were gathered and transplanted into radiation injured mice via intravenous injection. Each mouse was injected with 2?105 MSCs. The distribution of marked MSCs was observed in heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney of radiation injured mice at time points of 1w, 2w and 3w after MSCs transplantation. Results After being marked with Hoechst 33342, the nuclei of MSCs were in bright blue color. All mice of MSCs-transplant-group survived until execution, but three mice of Non-MSCs-transplant-group died during three weeks. Only a few marked MSCs were found in heart, liver, lung and kidney in the frozen section at each time point, but a large number of marked MSCs were found on the surface of spleen, and colonies were formed two weeks after introduction of MSCs. Conclusions Transplanted MSCs can not only survive in the irradiation injured mice, but also specifically migrate to the injured site, to participate in the reconstitution of hematopoiesis after acute radiation injury.

Objective To compare the cerebral protection effect of unilateral and bilateral antegrade selective cerebral perfusion during total aortic arch replacement. Methods From June 2003 to March 2004, 16 patients undergoing total aortic arch replacement were divided into two groups, randomized: unilateral antegrade selective cerebral perfusion (unilateral group, n=8) and bilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion (bilateral group, n=8). Preoperative and postoperative brain CT scan were performed. During the operation, the pressure in innominate artery and left common carotid artery were monitored. Blood gas samples were drawn from jugular venous bulb. Results There was no postoperative death and all patients were discharged from hospital. No new brain infarction occurred. Transient neurological dysfunction occurred in 1 patient of each group. In unilateral group, the pressure in innominate artery was higher than that in left common carotid artery during antegrade selective cerebral perfusion (P0.05). Conclusion Both methods of brain protection for patients undergoing total aortic arch replacement resulted in favorable levels of mortality and morbidity. The circle of Willis was patent and collateral flow was adequate. Unilateral antegrade selective cerebral perfusion has the advantage of simplicity. The bilateral perfusion pressure was more even in bilateral antegrade selective cerebral perfusion, and whether bilateral antegrade selective cerebral perfusion carry a higher risk of embolism need further investigation.

ABSTRACT:Many studies show that helminth‐derived molecules can induce immunoregulatory cells to form immune net‐work‐mediated immune ,thereby inhibiting allergic and autoimmune diseases .Helminth parasites can induce immune cell activa‐tion and produce cytokine .And parasites play an inhibitory effect to affect other immune related diseases .However ,the associ‐ation between helminths infections and immune related diseases does not always have an unequivocal outcome .While some hel‐minths infections protect against allergic diseases ,other helminth can exacerbate this immunopathology .

Objective To evaluate the application status of China Disease Prevention and Control Information System of Hy?datid Disease,in which questions existed are summarized in order to promote the system update. Methods A questionnaire was designed and distributed to Inner Mongolia,Sichuan,Tibet,Gansu,Qinghai,Ningxia,Xinjiang and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps to evaluate the application status of China Disease Prevention and Control Information System of Hydatid Disease assistant with telephone. Results The recovery rate of questionnaires was 87.5%. The statistics of closed questions showed that national application rate of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System of Hydatid Disease was 100%,of which 15.3%were low frequency users,57.1%believed the system was necessary,28.6%considered it was dispens?able,and 14.3%believed that it was totally unnecessary. The statistics of open?ended questions indicated that 6 endemic regions suggested to increase the guidance and training,while 4 endemic regions had opinions on sharing the information of the national infectious disease reporting systems and hydatid disease prevention and control information system,and the opinions on turning monthly report to quarterly report,and increasing statistics and analysis module,and 3 endemic regions deemed that the system had logic errors and defects. Conclusion The problems of the system are mainly focused on the existence of systemic deficien?cies and logic errors,lacking of statistical parameters and corresponding analysis function module,and lacking of the guidance and training,which limits the use of the system. Therefore,these problems should be resolved.

Objective To determine the clinical use of CM on interventional therapy for middle and late stage cancer.Methods We observed the effect of clinical administration on the patients with interventional therapy or inteventional therapy plus CM,control with themselvies.Results 38(76%) out of 50 patients got better than that of preadministration,cancer mass decreased.Conclusion CM can increase the sensitivity of carcinoma cells to chemicals and decrease its sideeffect.

Objective:To investigate the effect of timing of surgical treatment on renal function of children with solitary kidney and ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO).Methods:The clinical data of patients with solitary kidney and UPJO admitted to Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University and Shunyi Women′s and Children′s Hospital of Beijing Children′s Hospital from January 2006 to January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.A total of 23 cases were enrolled, including 16 males and 7 females.The age of first visit ranged from 1 day to 15 years and 8 months (average: 2 years and 2 months). All the patients were conservatively treated for an average of 2 years and 9 months.SPSS 20.0 software was used for data analysis.Results:All patients received Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty(A-H operation), and the age at operation ranged from 10 months to 16 years and 4 months, with an average of 4 years and 11 months.There were only 2 cases under 1 year old (10 months old and 11 months old, respectively). The double J stent was retained for 2 months after operation, and intravenous pyelography(IVP) was reexamined at 3 months after operation.The results showed that hydronephrosis either had no obvious change or was alleviated in different degrees.In 3 cases, IVP remained undetected for 40 minutes before operation.After operation, IVP was detected at 10-20 minutes.The follow-up period ranged from 1 year and 1 month to 10 years, with an average of 3 years and 9 months.Urinary ultrasound showed that the degree of pyeloplasty was less severe than that before operation.Conclusions:Close follow-up visits and conservative treatment of solitary kidney with UPJO are safe after 6 months.The first choice of operation is pyeloplasty.

Objective To investigate the dynamics of the level of S100 in cerebrum, brainstem, and serum following the diffuse brain injury in rats and provide the experimental evidences for estimating injury time. Methods ELISA was used to determine whether S100 protein is changed after diffuse brain injury in rats. Forty rats were sacrificed at 0.5 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 3 d and 7 d after diffuse brain injury and normal rats as control. Results The level of S100 in cerebrum, brainstem, and serum increased, followed by a decrease, and then further increased. The level of S100 could be detected to increase at 30 minutes and reached the peak at 4 hours after DBI. The level decreased gradually to the normal at 1d and till 3 d formed the second peak. The level returned to the normal at 7d following injury again. In the postmortem injury groups, there were no significant changes compared to the control group. Conclusion The present study showed that the time-dependent expression of S100 is obvious following diffuse brain injury in rats and suggested that S100 will be a suitable marker for diffuse brain injury age determination.

Objective To observe the complications and mortality of hyponatremia in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods The patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were selected and divided into non -hyponatremia group(252 cases)and hyponatremia group(65 cases).The differences in the general status,serum ions,blood gas,APACHE Ⅱ score,complications dur-ing the hospitalization,using of ventilator and mortality between the two groups were compared,and drew the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,to acquire higher serum sodium cut -off values.Results In the hyponatremia group,the body weight was (68.3 ±14.4)kg,BMI was (25.5 ±4.9)kg/m2 ,those in the non -hyponatremia group were (74.9 ±15.9)kg and (28.2 ±5.3)kg/m2 respectively,there were statistically significant differences(t =2.009,8.494,all P <0.05).The incidence rate of pneumonia in the hyponatremia group was 23.1%,which was higher than 13.1% in the non -hyponatremia group(χ2 =4.007,P =0.045).The hospital days of the hyponatremia group was (13.1 ±8.9)d,which was longer than (7.8 ±4.9)d of the non -hyponatremia group(t =15.638,P =0.000).The invasive ventilation days of the hyponatremia group was (1.1 ±0.4)d,which was longer than (0.9 ± 0.1)d of the non -hyponatremia group(t =2.885,P =0.004).The non invasive ventilation days of the hyponatremia group was (3.1 ±0.8)d,which was longer than (0.8 ±0.3)d of the non -hyponatremia group (t =2.984,P =0.003).The hospital mortality rate of the hyponatremia group was 12.3%,which was higher than 3.1% of the non -hyponatremia group(χ2 =7.189,P =0.007).The 90 -day mortality rate of the hyponatremia group was 29.2%, which was higher than 15.1% of the non -hyponatremia group(χ2 =7.017,P =0.008).When the serum sodium cut-off value was 128.8mmol/L by drawing ROC curve,the mortality rate in patients with lower than this value was 26.3%,while the mortality rate in patients with higher than the value was 3.7%.Conclusion Hyponatremia is related with the severity and prognosis of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.It is most important to prevent and correct hyponatremia at early disease stage.