Objective To understand the natural lighting in houses in constructed in different times island city and the influential factors in Dinghai, Zhoushan. Methods 3 districts, 92 families living in the buildings with 4-6 floors were chosen in Dinghai, Zhoushan, the daylight factor and the ratio of the window and the floor were determined, the subjective evaluation such as good, common, worse, the worst was done among 323 person according to the Code of Housing Design,GB50096-1999, Daylight Code of Building Design, GB50033-2001, Design Code for Planning City Residential Areas, GB50180-1993. Results The daylight in all the investigated houses met the requirement in GB50180-1993. The ratio of the window and the floor in the living room, bedroom, kitchen was larger than 1/7, that of the dinning room was more than 1/10, which met the requirement in GB50096-1999, in addition, the ratio of the newly buildings was higher than that of the old. The total qualified rate of the lowest daylight factor was 58.2, the main bedroom ranked the best, the living room ranked the worst, significant different results were seen in the houses constructed in different times, in 1980s, 1990s and 2000, it was 43.3%, 54.7% and 76.7% respectively. 91.9 percent of people who living in the first floor think the natural lighting worse, even the worst. Conclusion All the natural lighting designs for the involved houses in the island city can meet the requirements in the national standard of China, some people still complained the bad natural lighting, especially those who living in the lower floors.

Objective: To investigate the effect of retinoic acid on the differentiation and development of B lymphocytes, and explore the mechanism of vitaminA in increasing the production of antibodies. Method: In vitro cultured cells from children’s normal mesentery lymph nodes, before and after administration of retinoic acid or retinoic acid antagonist, the changes of cell surface markers were analyzed by flowcytometry to observe the differentiation and maturation of B cells. Results: During culture in vitro, the percent of mature CD19+IgM+ B cells increased and relatively immature CD19+IgM- B cells decreased gradually, and the changes were especially obvious at 48 h. The administration of retinoic acid further increased the percent of CD19+IgM+ B cells, and the enhancement was markedly at 24 and 48 h (P

Objective　To investigate the influence of pretr eatment with anti-B lymphocyte serum on the immunogenecity and endocrine functi on of islet preparations.Methods　Porcine ICCs were pretre ated with anti-B lymphocyte serum which was produced using the mixed adult porc i ne B lymphocyte as antigen.The immunogenecity of islet was measured by mixed isl et lymphocyte culture (MILC) and SLA-DR positive cell number within the islet and the islet function was assayed with insulin release test.Results 　The cpm value of MILC of the group pretreated with anti-B lymphocy te serum and the MHCⅠ antigen and SLA-DR antigen positive cell numbers was mar kedly decreased in comparison with that of control group (P＜0.001).There wa s no significant difference in insulin release of additional different groups.[ WT5”HZ Conclusion　The pretreatment of islet preparation with anti -B lymphocyte serum may decrease the immunogenecity of islet preparation,while there is no marked influence on its insulin release function.

Objective To investigate the influence of retinoic acid (RA) in differentiation,maturation and function of intestinal dendritic cells (DC),and probe into the effect of Vitamin A (VA) on intestinal mucosal immunity and pathway. Method Rat intestinal mucosa was cultured in vitro,supplemented with all-trans RA and/or retinoid acid receptor ? (RAR?) antagonist (Ro 41-5253). After cultured for 24h and 48h,the surface markers OX62、OX6 and CD86 on DCs were detected by flow cytometry,to observe the effect of RA on differentiation and maturation of DC. The cytokines and RAR? were measured in mRNA levels by RT-PCR to analyze the influence of RA on mucosal immunity and the pathway. Results RA promoted the maturation of DC in mucosa cultured in vitro,and up-regulated RAR? mRNA levels,the changes were marked at 24h. Moreover,when RA was present in the culture,IL-12 and IFN-? (Th1 cytokine) mRNA were reduced,and IL-10 was increased significantly compared with control . However,the actions of RA above can be inversed by Ro 41-5253. Conclusion The modulation of RA on DC could be one of the important mechanisms that VA influences intestinal mucosal immunity. RAR? participates in the regulation of RA on DC.

Objective: To investigate the influence of the expression of retinoic acid receptor genes on the development of B cells in lymph nodes of young children. Method: In situ hybridization was performed on the frozen section of lymph node of young children (≤age 5 ). Six digoxin labeled antisense RNA probes for retinoic acid receptors mRNA(RAR?、?、?、RXR?、?、?)were used. The expression and distribution of retinoic acid receptor genes in lymph nodes and their influence on the differentiation and maturation of B cell were observed. RT-fluorescent PCR was also used to observe the expression levels of retinoic acid receptor genes and their relation to the maturation of B cells. Results: In situ hybridization showed all the 6 retinoic acid receptor genes were expressed in lymphocytes and reticular cells of lymph node, and the distribution was widespread. RT fluorescent PCR also showed a varying expression of 6 retinoic acid receptor genes in lymph node among different age children, but lower in children younger than 1 year, and then increased gradually with the development of immune system. Conclusion: The expression and regulation of retinoic acid receptor genes may take part in the ontogenesis of B cells, and play a key role in the regulation of retinoic acid and enforce the anti-infective immunity in children.

Objective To investigate the influence of pretreatment with anti-B lymphocyte serum on the immunogenecity and endocrine function of islet preparations.Methods Porcine ICCs were pretreated with anti-B lymphocyte serum which was produced using the mixed adult porcine B lymphocyte as antigen.The immunogenecity of islet was measured by mixed islet lymphocyte culture (MILC) and SLA-DR positive cell number within the islet and the islet function was assayed with insulin release test.Results The cpm value of MILC of the group pretreated with anti-B lymphocyte serum and the MHCⅠ antigen and SLA-DR antigen positive cell numbers was markedly decreased in comparison with that of control group ( P

Objective To lower immunogenesis of human adult islets,reduce the dose of immunosuppressors and promote wide development of transplantation of adult islets,isolated adult islets were in vitro pretreated.Methods Isolated adult islets were cultured at 24 ℃ for 2 days(24 ℃ group) or pretreated using MHC-II monoclonal antibody(monoclonal antibody and complements were added and cultivated for another day following one-day-24 ℃-culture,antibody group) as observation groups.Adult islets were cultured at 37 ℃ in CMRL 1066 medium plus 20 % fetal bovine serum for 2 days as control.The immunogenics of the islets was detected using lymphocyte-islet mixed culture(MILC) and immunohistochemical staining of HLA-DR and lymphocyte common antigen(LCA).The function and activity of the islets were identified using()~3H-leucine incorporation assay,insulin release test and in situ apoptosis assay.Results Compared with control,MILC stimulation index was remarkably lower in the antibody group(P(0.05)).The percentage of HLA-DR and LCA positive cells in the antibody groupand in the 24 ℃ group was much lower than that in control(All P

Objective To observe the effect of three immunosuppressive agents on the function of human adult islets of langerhans in vitro, and explore the suitable immunosuppressive protocols for human islet transplantation.Methods In vitro, the isolated and purified islets were incubated with the immunosuppressive agents (mycophenolic acid, sirolimus, and FTY720) at different concentrations for 24 h, then stimulated by glucose at low ((2.8) mmol/L) and high ((16.7) mmol/L) levels. The (insulin) release after stimulations was detected using ELISA kit, and stimulation index was calculated.(Results) In control group (no agents exposure), the insulin release were ((7.37)?(1.74)) ng/ml at low (level) and ((15.15)?(5.39)) ng/ml at high level respectively, with stimulation index achieved to (2.06)?(0.46). Compared to control group, treatment with mycophenolic acid led to dramatic reduction of (insulin) release (P

AIM: To investigate the intervention effect of pentoxifylline(PTX) on type 1 diabetes mellitus in non-obese diabetic(NOD)mice and explore its possible mechanism.METHODS: Eight-week-old NOD mice were treated with PTX to investigate the incidence of cyclophosphamide accelerating diabetes.The apoptosis of beta-cells was detected by TUNEL,the expressions of caspase-3 in islet of the NOD mice was checked by immunohistochemistry and the expressions of caspase-8 was determined by RT-PCR.RESULTS: The incidence of diabetes in PTX group was 40.63%,which was obviously lower than 69.70% in the control group(P

Carbon nanotubes are a novel kind of nano-materials, and contribute to modify electrodes using their good capacity of electric transmission. Furthermore, carbon nanotubes may reduce the overpotential caused by the oxidation-reduction reaction of chemical materials, and ameliorate the oxidation-reduction reversibility of the biomolecules; Their wide specific surface area leads to enzyme immobilization and promote the electric transmission between enzyme active center and electrode surface; Functionalized carbon nanotubes bonding with various biomolecules will benefit to fix these biomolecules on the electrode surface. With the development of preparation and purification techniques, carbon nanotubes may widen the prospect of biosensors applied. The aim of this paper is to summarize and analyze the application, research status and development tendency of carbon nanotubes with regard to biosensors. Moreover, this paper reviews various carbon nanotubes modified oxidase biosensors, such as adsorption, paste, array and covalent bond, together with their application on DNA biosensor. The preparation, characteristics and research status of various sensors are also summarized.