Objective To investigate the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) supplementation on neuron apoptosis,brain edema,activation of microglia,inflammatory response and neural function after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats,so as to understand the protection of ω-3 PUFA in rats following TBI and its mechanism.Methods TBI model was established using Feeney's method.Ninety SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:sham operation group (sham group),TBI group,TBI + selective activator of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) anisomycin group (TBI + Aniso group),TBI + ω-3 PUFA supplementation group (TBI + ω-3 group),and TBI + ω-3 PUFA supplementation + JNK activation group (TBI + ω-3 + Aniso group).We measured rat behavioral outcomes by modified neurological severity score (mNSS) on day 1,3,and 7 after TBI.Brain water content was measured with wet-dry weight method.The neuron apoptosis and microglial activation (identified by specific marker IBA-1) in TBI cerebral cortex were determined by TUNEL staining and immunofluorescence.Inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interleukin (IL)-1α,IL-1β,and IL-6] and the JNK signaling pathway (JNK,pJNK) were tested with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot,respectively.Results Compared with the sham group,the levels of brain cell apoptosis,brain edema,neuron apoptosis,and inflammatory-relatived factors (TNF-α,IL-1 α,IL-1β,and IL-6) were significantly increased in the other four groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the TBl group,ω-3 PUFA supplementation reduced brain water content following TBI,especially on day 3 after TBI [(78.14 ± 0.57) ％ vs.(82.31 ± 0.81) ％,P ＜ 0.01],and improved neurological function score (P ＜ 0.05).Meanwhile,ω-3 PUFA supplementation suppressed neuron apoptosis,the activation of microglia,and the mRNA and protein expressions of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α,IL-1α,IL-1 β,IL-6).The activation of JNK signaling pathway was also inhibited by ω-3 PUFA.Conclusion ω-3 PUFA supplementation may markedly reduce brain edema,suppress neuron apoptosis,and improve neurological outcomes after TBI in rats,possibly mediated by inhibiting JNK signaling pathway and microglial activation,reducing microglia-induced cerebral inflammatory responses,demonstrated as down-regulated expression of TNF-α,IL-1α,IL-1β,and IL-6.

The clinical prescription application of pinellia was investigated in a hospital, and the overdose phenomenon and underlying reasons and objectives were preliminarily analyzed. The resources current situation and industry characteristics of pinellia were also overviewed. A series of strategies for the resources problems of pinellia were provided in the paper as well.

Objective:To investigate the application of Coronary Artery Disease-Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) in the diagnosis of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease(CAD) and its risk factors,and to clarify the effective strength of different risk factors in the diagnosis of CAD by using CAD-RADS.Methods:All the data of 266 patients,who were initially suspected with CAD and underwent CT angiography,were collected and diagnosed by using CAD-RADS and were divided into CAD group(n=174) and non-CAD group(n=69).The informations of age,gender,hypertension,hyperlipemia,diabetes,smoking,serum uric acid (UA) levels,and plasma fibrinogen (FIB) levels of the patients in two groups were analyzed;single factor analysis and multivariate Logstic regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors of CAD diagnosed by CAD-RADS.Results:Compared with non-CAD group,the ratios of male,hypertension,diabetes,smoking of the patients in CAD group were increased (P<0.05),and the age and the level of UA of the patients in CAD group were also increased (P<0.05).The Logistic regression analysis results showed that age and diabetes were the independent risk factors for CAD diagnosed by CAD-RADS.Conclusion:There are many independent risk factors for CAD diagnosed by CAD-RADS,and age and diabetes are the most correlated risk factors for CAD.

Objective To study the relationship between bisphenol A and precocious puberty in 6-8 years girls. Meth-ods Atotal of 103 girls aged 6-8 years with precocious puberty in our Endocrine clinic from August to December 2012 were se-lected. According to the classiifcation standard of precocious puberty, girls are divided into idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) group (n=47) and permature thelarche (PT) group (n=56), 53 girls with no puberty development were chosen as control group. BPA concentrations were determined with HPLC-MS-MS, sex hormones were determined with chemiluminescence meth-od and Kisspeptin concentrations were determined with ELISA, then the differences among the three groups were compared and the relationships between bisphenol A and sex hormones and Kisspeptin were analyzed. Results The BPA relevance ratio and concentration in ICPP group were higher than those of PT group and control group (P<0.05). The peak concentration of LH and LH/FSH in ICPP group were higher than those of PT group (P<0.05). The concentration of E2 in ICPP group and PT group were higher than that of control group (P<0.05). The concentration of Kisspeptin in ICPP group was higher than that of PT group and control group (P<0.05). There were no relationship between the concentrations of bisphenol A and Kisspeptin and FSH peak con-centration (P>0.05). There were correlations between the concentrations of BPA and E2 and LH peak concentration and LH/FSH (P<0.05). Conclusions There is a certain correlation between the concentrations of BPA and ICPP.

Objective:The characteristics of lymph node metastasis were investigated to guide the range of lymph node dissection during the radical operation of distal gastric cancer. Methods:The clinical data of 773 patients with distal gastric cancer who under-went radical distal subtotal gastrectomy at the Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital between February 2010 and September 2014 were reviewed and analyzed to infer the potential clinical mechanisms of lymph node metastasis. Results:Among the included patients, 423 (54.72%) had lymph node metastasis. The proportion of metastasis in the patients from the highest to the lowest rate was observed in group NO. 6, 3, 4sb, and 5 lymph nodes. The metastasis rates of the N1 lymph nodes from the highest to the low-est were observed in group NO. 3, 6, 5, and 4d lymph nodes, whereas those of the N2 lymph nodes occurred in group NO. 8a, 7, and 1 lymph nodes. Group NO. 8a lymph node with skipped metastasis was observed in 50.68%of the patients. Conclusion:During radical distal gastric cancer surgery, attention should be given to the possibility of metastasis in group NO. 8a lymph node. Appropriate exten-sion of the lymph node dissection should be conducted when necessary.

[Objective]To investigate the meaning of dietary nursing theory of Huangdi Neijing,and provide a daily diet guideline for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).[Methods]Based on the diet theory of Huangdi Neijing,consulting ancient books and modern research,analyze the relationship between diet and SLE,sum up the influence of diet on disease.[Results]SLE patients should restrict calories appropriately,shorten feeding time,adjust diet structure.Besides,consumption of spicy food such as chili and garlic based on disease syndrome or physique,would improve body metabolism and inflammation.At the same time,patients should reduce the consumption of foods rich of sugar and fat,which always cause skin injury,disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism,also induce imbalance of intestinal flora.Moreover,high sugar is linked to joint pain and hair loss,and high fat also aggravates intestinal inflammation.Finally,it is advised that patients with joint sore having food rich in vitamin D or type Ⅱ collagen,consumption of tea and coffee also have an antioxidant effect,and consumption of yogurt and cheese is conducive to regulate the intestinal flora.[Conclusion]Diet nursing is one of the most characteristic theories in Huangdi Neijing,which can effectively guide the daily diet of SLE patients,help them to alleviate the disease,reduce the side effects of drugs,and play a certain auxiliary role in the treatment of diseases,Huangdi Neijing diet theory can be used as the guiding principle of daily diet for SLE patients.

Objective:To analyze the imaging features of magnetic susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) in the patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related hemorrhage (CAAH),and to clarify the diagnostic value of SWI for CAAH.Methods:A total of 68 patients presumptively diagnosed as CAAH were collected,and their imaging data of routine MRI and SWI were collected and analyzed.The detection rates of hemorrhage focus of the CAAH patients were compared between two kinds of imaging examination.The consistency of detection of CAAH by routine MRI and SWI was analyzed.The imaging features of SWI and the risk of focus hemorrhage in the patients with CAAH were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results:Sixty-one patients were confirmed as CAAH by pathologic diagnosis,and 53 patients were confirmed as CAAH by routine MRI;the detection rate was 86.89％;59 cases of hemorrhage focus were confirmed by SWI and the detection rate was 96.72％.The number of lesions detected by SWI was more than that of routine MRI (P＜0.05).The consistency of detection of CAAH by routine MRI and SWI was poor,and the value of Kappa was 0.3666.The patchy high signal and multiple clear edge low signal area were the relative imaging features of CAAH with SWI in the patients with CAAH analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis (OR=3.895,P=0.025;OR=3.124,P=0.029).Conclusion:SWI can efficiently detect the hemorrhage focus in the patients with CAAH and the diagnostic value is better than routine MRI.

Objective To explore the inhibitory effect of saikosonin a(SSa)on pentylenetetrazol-induced acute epilepsy seizures in a mouse model of depression and explore the mechanism mediating this effect.Methods Male C57BL/6J mouse models of depression was established by oral administration of corticosterone via drinking water for 3 weeks,and acute epileptic seizures were induced by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of pentylenetetrazole.The effect of intraperitoneal injection of SSa prior to the treatment on depressive symptoms and epileptic seizures were assessed using behavioral tests,epileptic seizure grading and hippocampal morphology observation.ELISA was used to detect blood corticosterone levels of the mice,and RT-qPCR was performed to detect the pro-and anti-inflammatory factors.Microglia activation in the mice was observed using immunofluorescence staining.Results The mouse model of corticosterone-induced depression showed body weight loss and obvious depressive behaviors with significantly increased serum corticosterone level(all P<0.05).Compared with those with pentylenetetrazole-induced epilepsy alone,the epileptic mice with comorbid depression showed significantly shorter latency of epileptic seizures,increased number,grade and duration of of seizures,reduced Nissl bodies in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 neurons,increased number of Iba1-positive cells,and significantly enhanced hippocampal expressions of IL-1β,IL-10,TNF-α and IFN-γ.Pretreatment of the epileptic mice with SSa significantly prolonged the latency of epileptic seizures,reduced the number,duration,and severity of seizures,increased the number of Nissl bodies,decreased the number of Iba1-positive cells,and reduced the expression levels of IL-1β,IL-10,TNF-α,and IFN-γ in the hippocampus(P<0.05).Conclusion Depressive state aggravates epileptic seizures,increases microglia activation,and elevates inflammation levels.SSA treatment can alleviate acute epileptic seizures in mouse models of depression possibly by suppressing microglia activation-mediated inflammation.

Objective To explore the inhibitory effect of saikosonin a(SSa)on pentylenetetrazol-induced acute epilepsy seizures in a mouse model of depression and explore the mechanism mediating this effect.Methods Male C57BL/6J mouse models of depression was established by oral administration of corticosterone via drinking water for 3 weeks,and acute epileptic seizures were induced by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of pentylenetetrazole.The effect of intraperitoneal injection of SSa prior to the treatment on depressive symptoms and epileptic seizures were assessed using behavioral tests,epileptic seizure grading and hippocampal morphology observation.ELISA was used to detect blood corticosterone levels of the mice,and RT-qPCR was performed to detect the pro-and anti-inflammatory factors.Microglia activation in the mice was observed using immunofluorescence staining.Results The mouse model of corticosterone-induced depression showed body weight loss and obvious depressive behaviors with significantly increased serum corticosterone level(all P<0.05).Compared with those with pentylenetetrazole-induced epilepsy alone,the epileptic mice with comorbid depression showed significantly shorter latency of epileptic seizures,increased number,grade and duration of of seizures,reduced Nissl bodies in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 neurons,increased number of Iba1-positive cells,and significantly enhanced hippocampal expressions of IL-1β,IL-10,TNF-α and IFN-γ.Pretreatment of the epileptic mice with SSa significantly prolonged the latency of epileptic seizures,reduced the number,duration,and severity of seizures,increased the number of Nissl bodies,decreased the number of Iba1-positive cells,and reduced the expression levels of IL-1β,IL-10,TNF-α,and IFN-γ in the hippocampus(P<0.05).Conclusion Depressive state aggravates epileptic seizures,increases microglia activation,and elevates inflammation levels.SSA treatment can alleviate acute epileptic seizures in mouse models of depression possibly by suppressing microglia activation-mediated inflammation.

Objective To investigate the effects of enteral immunonutrition supplemented with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) on inflammatory response,intestinal mucosal barrier function and the prognosis in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI).Methods 122 patients of sTBI hospitalized between January 2015 and December 2016 were randomly divided into experimental group (ω-3 PUFA,n=61) and control group (n =61).The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interleukin (IL)-6 and neuron specific enolase (NSE) were tested with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Meanwhile,D-lactate acid and intestinal fat acid binding protein (I-FABP) were evaluated by enzymology spectrophotometer method.After 14 days of treatment,the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores,Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) Ⅱ scores and prognoses of both groups were compared.Results The serum levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-6),intestinal mucosal barrier function indicators (D-lactate acid and I-FABP) and NSE proteins significantly increased after sTBI (P =0.01).Compared with the control group,the experimental group on day 3 had significantly lower serum levels of inflammatory factors [TNF-α:(107.77± 19.79) μg/Lvs.(151.76±21.65) μg/L,P=0.01;IL-6:(76.85±7.15) μg/Lvs.(105.27±10.12) μg/L,P=0.01] and intestinal mucosal barrier function indicators [D-lactate:(69.81 ±6.32) μg/L vs.(89.80± 8.75) μg/L,P=0.03;I-FABP:(40.81±6.73) μg/Lvs.(56.60±8.58) μg/L,P=0.01].On day 7,the experimental group had significantly lower expression of NSE proteins than the control group [(13.63± 2.53) μg/L vs.(19.12±3.00) μg/L,P=0.02].The experimental group received better prognosis compared to the control group on day 14 [GCS scores:(9.74±0.76) vs.(8.44±0.53),P=0.04;APACHE Ⅱ scores:(14.67±1.37) vs.(17.53±1.47),P=0.03].The experimental group also had fewer days in hospitalization [(19.37±2.27) d vs.(25.42±2.61) d,P=0.01].Conclusion Enteral immunonutrition supplemented with ω-3 PUFA can effectively regulate the inflammatory response,and reduce impairment to the intestinal mucosal barrier function and damage to neurons in patients with sTBI.