BACKGROUND:Fatigue measurement is conducted while the eyes are gazing at something to accomplish the determination and monitoring of a real-time and non-contact fatigue.OBJECTIVE:To figure out the percentage of eyelid closure (PERCLOS)value for fatigue and deduct the subject's fatigue state.DESIGN:To detect the subject's pupils with a reconstructed eye tracking system ,the video frequency of the pupils is collected, from which the PERCLOS value is worked out by image processing. The PERCLOS value is used to reflect the subject's fatigue state.SETTING:School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University.MATERIALS :The experiment was conducted in the Ergonomics Lab from September 2003 to November 2004. The equipments used were video transmission cable, frame grab card and computer.METHODS:The video frequency images of pupil module sent from eye tracking system were processed to deduct the closure state of the pupil and figure out the PERCLOS value for the determination of fatigue.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES :The images collected by image collecting card reflected the state of opening and closure of the pupil.RESULTS:A fatigue determination system which was able to determine effectively the examinee's fatigue state was established.CONCLUSION:This new method expands the application of eye tracking system which can be safely used off-line or on-line.

OBJECTIVE To discuss the practicality of using the nylon nets,which are derived from disposed used medical(suture-band).The nylon nets were attached to the filtering apparatus on original return-wind exit on the lateral wall of surgical operating room.METHODS The velocity of wind,concentration of bacteria and the total(particle) amount of dust were determined by contrasting the number determined before and after passing the nylon nets on the(filtering) apparatus return-wind exit.RESULTS There was no evidence to influence the cleaning and temperature(regulating) effects of air conditioner by binding the nylon nets on them.CONCLUSIONS This method appears to save time as well as energy to work more efficiently than cleaning air conditioners weekly.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the sterilizing effect of Avagard surgery wasting liquid.METHODS All the staff on operation were divided into two groups at random,each no less than 50 persons.Both groups were sterilized by 4% Avagard surgery washing liquid.In one group,hands and forearms were smeared by 0.5% Avagard fast surgery washing liquid(smearing group),the other group was not smeared by 0.5% Avagard fast surgery washing liquid(no-smearing group).In both groups the samples were derived from fingers and cultured right after sterilization and at intervals of 1h,2h,3h,4h,5h and 6h during operation,and to investigate the sterilization effect.RESULTS The bacteriological detections of both groups in all times showed that the number of colony was0.05).CONCLUSIONS The results of the experiment show that 4% Avagard surgery washing liquid is reliable for its sterilizing effect and easy to use.The duration of antibacterial effect is no less than 6 hours,this method could reduce the cost of the operation and improve the efficiency of work.

[ABSTRACT]OBJECTIVETo evaluate the diagnostic value and curative effect of keyhole neurovascular decompression with local anesthesia for vestibular paroxysmia.METHODSOf 40 patients with trigeminal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm and glossopharyngeal neuralgia, 8 of them combined with vestibular paroxysmia underwent keyhole neurovascular decompression under local anesthesia to explore the vascular compression of acoustic nerve root and have the neurovascular decompression. The evaluation of the vertigo after operation was performed with symptom report card. The patients were followed-up for 36 to 61 months. RESULTSThe vessels compressing the root zone of the vestibular nerve were found in 8 patients with vestibular paroxysmia, of whom 7 patients had the vascular compression vertigo induced during operation and the vertigo was disappeared after operation, moreover, one patient had no vascular compression vertigo induced during operation and the vertigo was not changed after operation. With the average follow-up of 57 months, of 8 patients with vestibular paroxysmia, 7 patients had no recurrence of the vertigo, and the effective control rate was 87.5%.CONCLUSION Local anesthesia keyhole neurovascular decompression was not only an effective way for treating vestibular paroxysmia and controlling the vertigo, but also had certain clinical significance in the diagnosis of vestibular paroxysmia.

Objective The research aimed at evaluating whether non-invasive endolymphatic MR imaging could be used in aged patients(≥60 years)suffering from Meniere's disease.Methods Under guidance of nasal endoscopy,a diluted gadopentetate dimeglumine injection was administrated through eustachian tube into mid-ear cavity in four patients (≥60 years old) suffered from Meniere's disease.3D-FLAIR MRI scan was performed one day after the administration.Results The administration succeeded through eustachian tube into mid-ear cavity in those four patients.A rise of fluid level on tympanic membrane while administrating a diluted gadopentetated meglumine injection was observed.Imaging of inner ear endolymphatic spaces were visible in vestibule and cochlea in imaging of patient 1.As to patient 2,in cochlea the scala tympani of the first and second turns were enhanced while scala vestibule weren't;Vestibules couldn't be recognized.In images of patient 3,the scala tympani of the three turns in cochlea were enhanced while scala vestibule weren't;Vestibules couldn't be recognized.For Patient 4,in cochlea the scala tympani of the first turn were enhanced while scala vestibule weren't,and the second turn was partially enhanced;and endolymphatic space of vestibule could be distinguished from perilymphatic space.Conclusions This technique could be adopted in investigation of Meniere's disease in elderly patients.MR imaging of endolymphatic spaces in vestibule and cochlea can be visualized,which may partially provide data for diagnosis of Meniere's disease.

OBJECTIVE To discuss the operative plan for nasal cavity abnormality and evaluate the effect of revision FESS. METHODS A retrospective study of 36 revision FESS performed during 2002.3-2005.5 (age from 17 to 55 years old) is presented. Patients were evaluated with endoscopic examination of the nasal cavities and computed tomography of the sinuses and nasal cavities. Information was also collected during the revision surgery. The plan was designed according to nasal cavity abnormality. RESULTS The reasons of revision FESS: Among 36 cases there are 24 ethmoid sinusitis, 16 cases with recurrence of polyps,13 middle meatal stenosis, 11 middle turbinate adhesion, 10 septal deviation, 5 frontal recess stenosis, 5 sphenoid sisusitis, 3 maxillary ostium obstruction,3 inferior turbinate hypertrophy. Follow up for 6 month～43 month after revision FESS, 22 cases were successful, 10 satisfied and 4 inefficacy. CONCLUSION The primary FESS failure was associated with nasal cavity structure diseases. Meticulous attention in these areas and correcting it during surgery may reduce recurrence and ensure operative effect after revision FESS.

AIM:To investigate the effect of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-?B)on proliferation,apoptosis and the expression of TGF-?1 in airway smooth muscle cells(ASMCs).METHODS:Cultured ASMCs were divided into three groups and stimulated with or without TNF-? and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(PDTC)in vitro.Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was used to detect the expression of TGF-?1 mRNA.The location and protein expression of PCNA and Bcl-2 were observed by immunocytochemical staining.The protein expression of TGF-?1 and NF-?B was detected by Western blotting.The proliferation and apoptosis of ASMCs were also observed.RESULTS:The activity of NF-?B in TNF-? group was significantly higher than that in control group and TNF-? plus PDTC group,respectively(P

The transcription activity of ectogenic human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) promoter in lung adenocarcinoma cells A549 was investigated for the further gene-targeting therapy. The reporter gene green fluorescent protein (GFP) driven by CEA promoter and human cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter were relatively constructed and named plasmid pCEA-EGFP and pCMV-GFP respectively. The intensity of fluorescence was detected by fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry analysis after the pCEA-GFP and pSNAV-GFP plasmids were transfected into A549 cells through liposome respectively. The results showed (4.08+/-0.63) % of the A549 cells transfected with pCEA-AFP plasmid expressed, significantly lower than that of the A549 cells transfected with pCMV-GFP [(43.27+/-3.54) %]. It was suggested that ectogenic human CEA promoter in lung adenocarcinoma cells A549 was weakly expressed. The distinct specificity of CEA promoter in CEA high expression cells was regarded as a tool in selective gene therapy, but the transcription activity of ectogenic human CEA promoter was needed to increase in the future.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of TCM external treatment for alopecia areata,and to investigate the regularity of prescription selection and medicine use. METHODS:Retrieved from PubMed,EMBase, Cochrane Library,CBM and CNKI,RCTs about TCM external treatment(trial group)vs. routine regimen(control group)in the treatment of alopecia areata were included. The qualities of included studies were evaluated with modified Jadad scale after literature screening and data extraction. Meta-analysis was conducted by using Rev Man 5.3 statistical software. Frequency statistics and ingredient analysis were conduced among included prescriptions. RESULTS:A total of 21 RCTs were included,involving 2 510 patients. Meta-analysis showed that total response rate of trial group was significantly higher than that of control group,with statistical significance [OR=4.14,95%CI(3.04,5.65),P<0.001]. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups [OR=1.66,95%CI(3.04,5.65),P=0.48]. A total of 20 prescriptions among included 21 RCTs were included after the repeated prescriptions were deleted. Above prescriptions were analyzed statistically;there were 53 ingredients in 20 prescriptions,and the sum of use frequency for those ingredients was 138.The ingredients with high use frequency were Carthamus tinctorius,Platycladus orientalis,Salvia miltiorrhiza;main types of medicines were restoring vital energy,relieving exterior disorder,invigorating blood circulation and eliminating stasis,etc. CONCLUSIONS:TCM external treatment shows good therapeutic efficacy and safety. Medicines are mainly used for restoring vital energy,invigorating blood circulation and eliminating stasis.

Objective To analyze the relationship between genotype and phenotype in 3 pedigrees with Stargardt disease.Methods Three pedigrees with Stargardt disease were included in Ningxia Eye Hospital from January 2017 to September 2017.The clinical features of patients and other family members were evaluated by ophthalmic examinations,including visual acuity,best corrected visual acuity (BCVA),fundus examination,optical coherence tomography (OCT),fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and electroretinogram (ERG).The periphery blood sample of 5 ml from patients and 1 family member with normal phonotye in each family were collected.The next generation sequencing,PCR and direct sequencing were used to confirm the disease-causing mutation.The relationship between genotype and phenotype was analyzed.This study was approved by Ethic Committee of Ningxia Eye Hospital and informed consent was obtained from each subject.Results In 3 Stargardt pedigrees,2 pedigrees showed autosomal recessive inheritance,and 1 pedigree was pseudodominant inheritance.Five mutations on ABCA4 gene were detected and p.F2188S and p.Y345C were novel muations.All pedigrees carried two heterozygous mutation.The onset age of the patients were adolescence except just one patient who suffered at the age of 50 years old.The visual acuity was severely affected and the OCT indicated different degrees of macular atrophy.The results of the ocular fundus photography and the FFA were variable.Conclusions The patients with stargardt disease often carry heterozygous mutation on ABCA4 gene and available characteristics,including early onset age,varying ocular fundus and severe visual impairment.Next generation sequencing technique shows the advantages of rapid and high efficiency in the diagnosis of Stargardt disease.