Objective To observe the effect of apatinib on the invasion ability and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line A549 and H460.Methods Different doses of apatinib were incubated with the A549 and H460 cells,then the effect of apatinib on the invasion of A549 cells was detected by Transwell assay,and the change of cell morphology was observed by optical microscope,and the expression of EMT related proteins were detected by Western blotting.Results The cell viability of A549 and H460 have no change when the concentration of apatinib was under 120 nmol·L-1.Therefore,60 nmol·L-1 and 120 nmol·L-1 apatinib were used in the further experiments.The invasion of A549 cells was reduced after apatinib incubation for 48 h,with cell morphology changes,and the expression of E-cadherin was enhanced,with the depresion of N-cadherin,Vimentin and Snail,which were related to the progress of EMT.Conclusion Apatinib could induce the MET,and reduce the invasion ability of A549 and H460 cells.

As a carrier of anti -cancer drugs ,peptides can modify and coat drugs .It shows good pros-pects in targeted drug delivery ,drug sustained -releasing,drug enhancement of solubility ,bioavailability.It can also reduce side effects of drug .The related studies become one of the hot points in the field of pharmaceutical re-search in recent years .In this paper , the types of peptide based drug delivery emerged in recent years are re-viewed,the characteristics and advantages of various kinds of carrier systems are described in details .The present review provides a theoretical basis for the further application of peptide drug carries .

Objective To ensure the quality of field operation materials, and enhance rescue ability of medical corps in field condition. Methods Materials for package and sterilization were tested and selected for new way of package and sterilization instead of the traditional cotton. Results Sheet package was preserved in normal condition. Every month the microorgarism in sheet package was sampled. There were no bacteria in the operation items in the half-year sampling. So the period of validity was prolonged from one week to half year. Conclusion With the new package sterilization method, the work load of nurses is alleviated and the expenses on repeated sterilization due to short term of validity are also reduced. At the same time, operation infection rate and death rate are decreased so that the battle injury rescue level was raised.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of renal insufficiency and its associated factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus with normoalbuminuria using estimated glomerular filtration rate ( eGFR) .Methods We retrospectively analyzed 10-year data of chronic complications in type 2 diabetics in-patient from the Chinese Diabetes Society.eGFR was estimated using the equation from Modification of Diet in Renal Disease(MDRD) study.The clinical characteristics as well as associated factors for low eGFR were analyzed among the normoalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients.Results A total of 1351 type 2 diabetic patients were included, 755 patients with normoalbuminuria, 466 patients with microalbuminuria and 130 patients with macroalbuminuria respectively.Among the patients, 310 (22.9% ) had low eGFR (GFR <60 ml · min~(-1) · 1.73 m~(-2) ) , 19.7% (149/755) in the patients with normoalbuminuria, 21.9% (102/466) in microalbuminuria and 45.4% ( 59/130 ) in macroalbuminuria Patients with normoalbuminuria and low eGFR suffered more chronic complications than those with normoalbuminuria and normal eGFR, mainly retinopathy, cerebrovascular diseases and sensory neuropathy.Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that age ( OR = 1.042, P < 0.001), diabetic duration ( OR = 1.038, P = 0.045), systolic blood pressure (OR = 1.017, P < 0.001) were independently associated with renal impairment among the patients with normoalbuminuria.Body mass index ( OR = 0.868, P < 0.001) and HbAlc (OR =0.898, P =0.021) were also related with renal insufficiency.Conclusion A considerable proportion in type 2 diabetic patients without albuminuria may exist renal impairment, and eGFR estimation could benefit the evaluation of renal function in such patients.

Objective To investigate the changes of excitatory amino acids (EAAs) of cerebrospinalfluid (CSF) in patients with delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning(DEACMP).Method The EAAs levels of CSF including glutamate (Glu) and aspartate (Asp) in 24 patients with DEACMP and 20 controls with migraine were measured by high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC ).Results Glu and Asp levels in patients with DEACMP were significantly higher than those of the controls [(3.76 ± 1.52) μmol/L vs ( 1.55 ± 1.03 ) μmol/L, (0.73 ± 0.44) μmol/L vs (0.38 ± 0.33 ) μmol/L, P all <0.01]. Glu and Asp levels in moderate and severe DEACMP patients were higher than those in mild DEACMP patients. Conclusion It suggests that EAAs participated in the pathogenesis of DEACMP. The Glu and Asp levels in CSF may be regarded as indicator of DEACMP.

Objective To study the clinical feature of ciguatera fish poisoning.Methods Thirty-nine patients with ciguatera fish poisoning were observed.Results The clinical symlptoms of ciguatera poisoning usually began to appear 2～10 hours after eating a poisonous fish and could be classified into three broad groups:neurological,gastrointestinal cardiovascular symptoms.Gastrointes tinal symptoms were the most common complaint.Neurological symptoms generally stayed for 1～2 weeks.The clinical picture was characterized by temperature reversal.Conclusion Ciguatera poisoning can be differentiated by unique features affecting the neurological system.

Objective To study the adriamycin nephrosis model in different development pathological stages. Methods The rat adriamycin nephrosis model was established by injecting adriamycin into tail-vein twice every two weeks to detect blood and urina biochemical indicators and to observe the pathological changes of the renal tissues. Results The model showed serious edema,proteinuria,hypoproteinemia,and hyperlipidemia. Podocytes were swollen and mesangial cells developed mild hyperplasia at the end of the fourth week. The nephric tubule atrophied at the end of the eighth week accompanied with adhesion between glomeruli and Bowman's capsule. Glomeruli sclerosis of mild or medium degree was observed at the end of the twelfth week with obvious lymphocyte infiltration in the renal interstitium as well as the formation of collagen fibers. Conclusion The adriamycin nephrosis model was successfully developed by injecting adriamycin 4 mg/kg into tail-vein twice every two weeks. The acute model is similar to human minimal change disease,and the chronic model is similar to human focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Aim To observe the effects of effective fraction of Epimedium,Astragalus,Radix Puerariae on behavioral and pathological changes in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease.Methods Six-month-old APPswe /PS1 ΔE9 transgenic mice were ran-domly divided into 2 groups:model group and effective fraction group,1 0 mice each group.The mice in the effective fraction group were treated with the effective fraction of Astragalus,Radix Puerariae,Epimedium compound for 8 weeks.The C57BL/6J mice were used as negative control group.After 8 weeks,the learning and memory function were measured by Morris water maze,the pathological changes in brain tissue were ob-served by Modified Bielschowsky staining and Nissl 's staining.Results During place navigation trial,the escape latency in the APPswe /PS1 ΔE9 double transgenic model mice was longer than those of the mice of C57 (P <0.05),the escape latency in the mice of effec-tive fraction group was significantly reduced than those of the mice in model group (P <0.05).During spatial probe trail,the platform-crossing times in the APPswe /PS1 ΔE9 double transgenic mice were different from the mice of C57 (P <0.05),the platform-crossing times in the mice of effective fraction group were significantly increased than those of the mice in model group (P <0.05).The average swimming velocity in the APPswe /PS1 ΔE9 double transgenic model mice was increased than that of mice of C57 (P <0.05 ),there was no significant difference between effective fraction group and model group (P > 0.05 ). The Modified Bielschowsky staining shows that the neuron fibers of the cerebral cortex of APPswe /PS1 ΔE9 double transgenic mice were enlarged,swelling,and dense.There were senile plaques and nerve fiber tangles in the cerebral cortex of APPswe /PS1 ΔE9 double transgenic mice.The neuron fibers of mice in the effective fraction group were relieved;there was a small amount of senile plaque.The Nissl’s staining shows that the neurons of the cerebral cortex of APPswe /PS1 ΔE9 mice were edema, the number of cells were decreased.The mice in the effective fraction group were free of the disease.Con-clusion The double transgenic APPswe /PS1 ΔE9 mice of AD can simulate the specific pathogenesis of AD, which may be the efficient experimental animal model. The effective fraction of epimedium,astragalus and ra-dix puerariae may have a neuroprotective effect against AD via improving the learning and memory ability,and reduce the cerebral cortex nerve fiber tangles,senile plaques and neurons edema changes.

Objective To investigate the effects of hydrogen-rich medium on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced release of inflammatory cytokines from murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells.Methods The RAW264.7cells were cultured in DMEM culture medium containing 10％ fetal bovine serum.The cells were seeded in 6-well plates (3 ml/hole) with a density of 2 × 106/ml and randomly divided into 4 groups (n =24 each):control group (group A),hydrogen-rich medium group (group B),LPS group (group C) and LPS + hydrogen-rich medium group (group D).Group A received no treatment.LPS 1 μg/ml was added to the medium in groups C and D,while the cells were incubated with 0.6 mmol/L hydrogen-rich medium simultaneously in groups B and D.Six wells in each group were chosen at 6,12.24 and 48 h of incubation,and the supernatant was collected to detect the concentrations of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-10.Six wells in each group were chosen at 6 and 12 h of incubation for determination of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in the cells by Western blot.Results Compared with group A,the concentrations of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-10 in the supernatant were significantly increased,and the expression of HO-1 was up-regulated in group C (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group C,the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β in the supernatant were significantly decreased,the concentration of IL-10 in the supernatant was significantly increased,and the expression of HO-1 was up-regulated in group D (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Hydrogen-rich medium can inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promote the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines from RAW264.7 cells via up-regulating HO-1 expression.

Objective To explore the effects of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) therapy on esophageal acid exposure of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),and the correlation of anxiety and depression with recurrence of acid-related symptoms after discontinuation of PPIs.Methods From February 2010 to June 2011,28 patients with GERD diagnosed by ambulatory 24 h esophageal pH monitoring admitted to Beijing Jishuitan Hospital were treated with esomeprazole 20 mg 2 times/d for 8 weeks (male 16,female 12).Symptoms after drug discontinuation were monitored.Ambulatory 24 h esophageal pH monitoring was performed on patients,whose symptom recurred within 8 weeks after treatment.BMI,Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were detected.Results Among the 28 patients with GERD,15 (53.6％) recurred symptoms after withdraw of PPIs.Compared with the asymptomatic group after withdraw of PPIs,the pretreatment duration of pH 4 (supine),24 h total acid reflux time,number of time periods with acid reflux ＞5 minutes,the maximal acid reflux time and 24 h total number of acid reflux in the symptomatic recurrence group were statistically significantly increased ( 11.7％vs 4.5％,138.8 minutes vs 62.1 minutes,6.0 vs 2.0,27.0 minutes vs 12.4 minutes,74.0 times vs43.0times,respectively,all P values ＜ 0.05 ).There were no significant differences in BMI,SAS and SDS between the two groups.Conclusions The basic level of esophageal acid exposure of patients with GERD before PPIs therapy may influence the esophageal acid exposure after PPIs therapy and then may affect the recurrence of symptoms.Although anxiety and depression is common in patients with GERD,it is not found that the recurrence of acid-related symptoms after the discontinuation of PPIs therapy is related to the anxiety and depression.