Objective To observe the effect of apatinib on the invasion ability and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line A549 and H460.Methods Different doses of apatinib were incubated with the A549 and H460 cells,then the effect of apatinib on the invasion of A549 cells was detected by Transwell assay,and the change of cell morphology was observed by optical microscope,and the expression of EMT related proteins were detected by Western blotting.Results The cell viability of A549 and H460 have no change when the concentration of apatinib was under 120 nmol·L-1.Therefore,60 nmol·L-1 and 120 nmol·L-1 apatinib were used in the further experiments.The invasion of A549 cells was reduced after apatinib incubation for 48 h,with cell morphology changes,and the expression of E-cadherin was enhanced,with the depresion of N-cadherin,Vimentin and Snail,which were related to the progress of EMT.Conclusion Apatinib could induce the MET,and reduce the invasion ability of A549 and H460 cells.

Objective To ensure the quality of field operation materials, and enhance rescue ability of medical corps in field condition. Methods Materials for package and sterilization were tested and selected for new way of package and sterilization instead of the traditional cotton. Results Sheet package was preserved in normal condition. Every month the microorgarism in sheet package was sampled. There were no bacteria in the operation items in the half-year sampling. So the period of validity was prolonged from one week to half year. Conclusion With the new package sterilization method, the work load of nurses is alleviated and the expenses on repeated sterilization due to short term of validity are also reduced. At the same time, operation infection rate and death rate are decreased so that the battle injury rescue level was raised.

As a carrier of anti -cancer drugs ,peptides can modify and coat drugs .It shows good pros-pects in targeted drug delivery ,drug sustained -releasing,drug enhancement of solubility ,bioavailability.It can also reduce side effects of drug .The related studies become one of the hot points in the field of pharmaceutical re-search in recent years .In this paper , the types of peptide based drug delivery emerged in recent years are re-viewed,the characteristics and advantages of various kinds of carrier systems are described in details .The present review provides a theoretical basis for the further application of peptide drug carries .

Objective To investigate the changes of excitatory amino acids (EAAs) of cerebrospinalfluid (CSF) in patients with delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning(DEACMP).Method The EAAs levels of CSF including glutamate (Glu) and aspartate (Asp) in 24 patients with DEACMP and 20 controls with migraine were measured by high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC ).Results Glu and Asp levels in patients with DEACMP were significantly higher than those of the controls [(3.76 ± 1.52) μmol/L vs ( 1.55 ± 1.03 ) μmol/L, (0.73 ± 0.44) μmol/L vs (0.38 ± 0.33 ) μmol/L, P all <0.01]. Glu and Asp levels in moderate and severe DEACMP patients were higher than those in mild DEACMP patients. Conclusion It suggests that EAAs participated in the pathogenesis of DEACMP. The Glu and Asp levels in CSF may be regarded as indicator of DEACMP.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of renal insufficiency and its associated factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus with normoalbuminuria using estimated glomerular filtration rate ( eGFR) .Methods We retrospectively analyzed 10-year data of chronic complications in type 2 diabetics in-patient from the Chinese Diabetes Society.eGFR was estimated using the equation from Modification of Diet in Renal Disease(MDRD) study.The clinical characteristics as well as associated factors for low eGFR were analyzed among the normoalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients.Results A total of 1351 type 2 diabetic patients were included, 755 patients with normoalbuminuria, 466 patients with microalbuminuria and 130 patients with macroalbuminuria respectively.Among the patients, 310 (22.9% ) had low eGFR (GFR <60 ml · min~(-1) · 1.73 m~(-2) ) , 19.7% (149/755) in the patients with normoalbuminuria, 21.9% (102/466) in microalbuminuria and 45.4% ( 59/130 ) in macroalbuminuria Patients with normoalbuminuria and low eGFR suffered more chronic complications than those with normoalbuminuria and normal eGFR, mainly retinopathy, cerebrovascular diseases and sensory neuropathy.Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that age ( OR = 1.042, P < 0.001), diabetic duration ( OR = 1.038, P = 0.045), systolic blood pressure (OR = 1.017, P < 0.001) were independently associated with renal impairment among the patients with normoalbuminuria.Body mass index ( OR = 0.868, P < 0.001) and HbAlc (OR =0.898, P =0.021) were also related with renal insufficiency.Conclusion A considerable proportion in type 2 diabetic patients without albuminuria may exist renal impairment, and eGFR estimation could benefit the evaluation of renal function in such patients.

Objective To study the adriamycin nephrosis model in different development pathological stages. Methods The rat adriamycin nephrosis model was established by injecting adriamycin into tail-vein twice every two weeks to detect blood and urina biochemical indicators and to observe the pathological changes of the renal tissues. Results The model showed serious edema,proteinuria,hypoproteinemia,and hyperlipidemia. Podocytes were swollen and mesangial cells developed mild hyperplasia at the end of the fourth week. The nephric tubule atrophied at the end of the eighth week accompanied with adhesion between glomeruli and Bowman's capsule. Glomeruli sclerosis of mild or medium degree was observed at the end of the twelfth week with obvious lymphocyte infiltration in the renal interstitium as well as the formation of collagen fibers. Conclusion The adriamycin nephrosis model was successfully developed by injecting adriamycin 4 mg/kg into tail-vein twice every two weeks. The acute model is similar to human minimal change disease,and the chronic model is similar to human focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Objective To study the clinical feature of ciguatera fish poisoning.Methods Thirty-nine patients with ciguatera fish poisoning were observed.Results The clinical symlptoms of ciguatera poisoning usually began to appear 2～10 hours after eating a poisonous fish and could be classified into three broad groups:neurological,gastrointestinal cardiovascular symptoms.Gastrointes tinal symptoms were the most common complaint.Neurological symptoms generally stayed for 1～2 weeks.The clinical picture was characterized by temperature reversal.Conclusion Ciguatera poisoning can be differentiated by unique features affecting the neurological system.

Aim To observe the effects of effective fraction of Epimedium,Astragalus,Radix Puerariae on behavioral and pathological changes in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease.Methods Six-month-old APPswe /PS1 ΔE9 transgenic mice were ran-domly divided into 2 groups:model group and effective fraction group,1 0 mice each group.The mice in the effective fraction group were treated with the effective fraction of Astragalus,Radix Puerariae,Epimedium compound for 8 weeks.The C57BL/6J mice were used as negative control group.After 8 weeks,the learning and memory function were measured by Morris water maze,the pathological changes in brain tissue were ob-served by Modified Bielschowsky staining and Nissl 's staining.Results During place navigation trial,the escape latency in the APPswe /PS1 ΔE9 double transgenic model mice was longer than those of the mice of C57 (P <0.05),the escape latency in the mice of effec-tive fraction group was significantly reduced than those of the mice in model group (P <0.05).During spatial probe trail,the platform-crossing times in the APPswe /PS1 ΔE9 double transgenic mice were different from the mice of C57 (P <0.05),the platform-crossing times in the mice of effective fraction group were significantly increased than those of the mice in model group (P <0.05).The average swimming velocity in the APPswe /PS1 ΔE9 double transgenic model mice was increased than that of mice of C57 (P <0.05 ),there was no significant difference between effective fraction group and model group (P > 0.05 ). The Modified Bielschowsky staining shows that the neuron fibers of the cerebral cortex of APPswe /PS1 ΔE9 double transgenic mice were enlarged,swelling,and dense.There were senile plaques and nerve fiber tangles in the cerebral cortex of APPswe /PS1 ΔE9 double transgenic mice.The neuron fibers of mice in the effective fraction group were relieved;there was a small amount of senile plaque.The Nissl’s staining shows that the neurons of the cerebral cortex of APPswe /PS1 ΔE9 mice were edema, the number of cells were decreased.The mice in the effective fraction group were free of the disease.Con-clusion The double transgenic APPswe /PS1 ΔE9 mice of AD can simulate the specific pathogenesis of AD, which may be the efficient experimental animal model. The effective fraction of epimedium,astragalus and ra-dix puerariae may have a neuroprotective effect against AD via improving the learning and memory ability,and reduce the cerebral cortex nerve fiber tangles,senile plaques and neurons edema changes.

Objective To investigate the expression profiles of microRNA in early esophageal squamous cancer and normal esophageal tissues and verify the significantly different expression miRNAs , further to study the effects on proliferation of EC109. Methods The microarray assay was performed to analyze miRNA expression profiles in three pairs of early esophageal squamous cancer and the corresponding normal esophageal tissues. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used in another 38 pairs samples to further verify the differentially expressed miRNAs . Three verified miRNAs ( miR-29a, miR-221 and miR-222) mimics were transfected into EC109 respectively and CCK8 method was used to study the effect of cell proliferation in each miRNA. Results Microarray technique selected 53 miRNAs that differentially expressed in early esophageal squamous cancer and normal esophageal tissues , 32 miRNAs were up-regulated and 21 miRNAs were down-regulated. qRT-PCR verified that miR-29a was significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05) and miR-221, miR-222 were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05) in early esophageal squamous cancer tissue. Over-expression of miR-29a could significantly inhibit the proliferation of EC109 (P < 0.05) whereas over-expression of miR-221 or miR-222 could both significantly promote the proliferation of EC109 (P < 0.05). Conclusion There was significant difference of miRNAs expression between early esophageal squamous cancer and normal esophageal tissues, and the differentially expressed miRNAs could be used as new biomarkers for early diagnosis of esophageal squamous cancer.

Objective To investigate the role of Nrf2 on hydrogen treatment for intestinal injury caused by severe sepsis.Methods 152 male ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups:sham operation group,hydrogen control group,sepsis group,and hydrogen treatment group,each n=38.Sepsis model was reproduced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP).The mice in sham operation group and hydrogen control group did not receive CLP,and the operative procedure was the same as follows.The mice in hydrogen control group and hydrogen treatment group received 1-hour inhalation of 2％ hydrogen 1 hour and 6 hours after sham operation or CLP.Twenty animals in each group were selected and observed for 7-day survival rate.Eighteen animals in each group were selected and sacrificed at 6,12 and 24 hours after CLP.The intestinal tissues were obtained to determine the expression of Nrf2 and high mobility group B1 (HMGB1) protein by Western Blot,and the expression of Nrf2 mRNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The middle portion of jejunum was obtained to evaluate the degree of septic injury by light microscope after hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining.Results There was no statistical signifieance in variables between sham operation group and hydrogen control group.Compared with sham operation group,the 7-day survival rate was significantly decreased in sepsis group (0 vs.100％,P＜0.05); compared with sepsis group,the 7-day survival rate was significantly increased in hydrogen treatment group (55％ vs.0,P＜0.05).Compared with sham operation group,the expression of Nrf2 protein (gray value) and Nrf2 mRNA were up-regulated in sepsis group at 6,12 and 24 hours after CLP (Nrf2 protein 6 hours:1.973 ± 0.350 vs.1.000 ± 0.000,t=4.411,P=0.002; 12 hours:2.367 ± 0.186 vs.1.000 ±0.000,t=10.210,P=0.000; 24 hours:2.517 ±0.280 vs.1.000 ±0.000,t=9.521,P=0.000; Nrf2 mRNA 6 hours:1.606 ± 0.271 vs.1.000 ± 0.000,t=3.631,P=0.002; 12 hours:1.692 ± 0.399 vs.1.000 ± 0.000,t=3.233,P=0.005; 24 hours:1.784 ± 0.341 vs.1.000 ± 0.000,t=3.894,P=0.001),and it was also the expression of HMGB1 (gray value) at 24 hours after CLP operation (1.507 ± 0.220 vs.1.000 ± 0.000,t=3.948,P=0.004).Compared with sepsis group,the expression of Nrf2 protein and Nrf2 mRNA in intestines were up-regulated at 6,12 and 24 hours after CLP in hydrogen treatment group (Nrf2 protein 6 hours:2.583 ± 0.395 vs.1.973 ± 0.350,t=2.765,P=0.024; 12 hours:2.725 ± 0.235 vs.2.367 ± 0.186,t=2.674,P=0.028; 24 hours:2.930 ± 0.212 vs.2.517 ± 0.280,t=2.595,P=0.032; Nrf2 mRNA 6 hours:2.008 ± 0.400 vs.1.606 ± 0.271,t=2.405,P=0.029; 12 hours:2.188 ± 0.475 vs.1.692 ±0.399,t=2.317,P=0.034; 24 hours:2.333 ±0.406 vs.1.784 ±0.341,t=2.728,P=0.015).Compared with sepsis group,the expression of HMGB1 was down-regulated significantly at 24 hours after CLP in hydrogen treatment group (1.147 ± 0.152 vs.1.507 ± 0.220,t=2.805,P=0.023).HE staining showed that there was significantly aggravated intestinal pathological injury in the mice of sepsis group; compared with sepsis group,the pathology was significantly less marked in hydrogen treatment group.Conclusion Through activation of Nrf2-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway,hydrogen may increase the level of Nrf2,which is a kind of protective protein,in the intestine of mice,thus decreases the level of late pro-inflammatory factor,HMGB1,and it may protect the intestinal tissues in septic mice and increase the survival rate significantly.