Objective To elucidate the mechanism of radiation resistant effect of LyGDI on NSCLC A549 cells.Methods A549 and H460 cells were irradiated with X-rays of 0,2,4 and 6 Gy.The clone-forming assay was used to detect cell survival and radiosensitivity.The expressions of LyGDI and COX-2 (Cyclooxygenase-2),a key radiosensitivity-related protein,were detected using Western blot.The miR-34 families were analyzed with RT-PCR.50 nmol/L mature miR-34c was transfected into A549 cells.Results The expression levels of LyGDI and COX-2 were much higher in radioresistive A549 cells than that in H460 cells.While the expression of miR-34a was quite low and miR-34b/c was hardly found in both NSCLC cells.Transfection of miR-34c into A549 cells strongly enhanced X-ray induced apoptosis by inhibiting the activations of LyGDI,COX-2,Bcl-2 and p21.Conclusions Up-regulation of LyGDI could induce COX-2 expression.The low expression of miR-34 family might be responsible for the radiation resistance of NSCLC cells.

Objective To elucidate the function and regulatory mechanism of LyGDI involved delayed cell death in the human K562 cells and HL-60 cells induced by 60Co γ-rays. Methods Erythrosine B cells staining was used to count the apoptosis rate. PI staining and flow cytometry were applied to check the cell cycle. The expression of LYGDI and Rac1 was resolved by Western blot by using monoclonal antibody of LyGDI and Racl. The distribution of Racl protein in cells was observed with immunofluorescence by using the confocal microscope. Results The K562 cells showed G2/M phase arrest and the percent age was 71.3%. The apoptosis rate was very low at early post-irradiation stage in the K562 cells. The apoptosis rate was 14% in the K562 cells at 24 h post-irradiation with 8 Gy of γ-rays, and delayed cell apoptosis was present. LyGDI was cleaved in the K562 cells irradiated by 4 Gy 60 Co γ-rays after 24 hours post-irradiation. The expression of Racl protein was not altered at all, but the distribution was changed in the irradiated cells while the Racl protein moved to cell membrane and a little in cell nucleus. The Racl was activated with the losing the binding affinity with the LyGDI. Conclusion LyGDI could promote the delayed cell apoptosis, which is through the activation of the Rac1.

Objective To investigate the effects of hedysarum polybotys saccharide (HPS) on lipid metabolism and the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1(SCD-1) gene in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To discuss the interfering effects of HPS on NAFLD. Methods The SD rats were randomly divided into the blank control group and the experiment group. Rats in the experiment group were fed with lipid rich food for 8 weeks to establish model and were randomly divided into model group, drug positive group and HPS group. After 8 weeks of drug intervention, the level of ALT, AST, TC, TG, HDL-c and LDL-c were measured with automatic chemistry analyzer, and expression of SCD-1 gene was measured by semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results Compared with blank control group, serum ALT, AST and TC, TG, LDL-c of model group were higher (P<0.05,P<0.01), the level of HDL-c of model group and the expression of SCD-1 gene were lower (P<0.01). Compared with model group, HPS was useful to decrease serum ALT, AST, LDL-c, TC and TG (P<0.05,P<0.01), and increase the level of HDL-c (P<0.01) and the expression of SCD-1 gene (P<0.01).ConclusionHPS had a positive effect on regulating lipid metabolic disturbance of NAFLD rats and promoting the expression of regulatory gene SCD-1.

Objective: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of microRNA-34a (miR-34a) in human breast cancer tissues, and to analyze the correlation of methylation status of miR -34a gene promoter with the expression of mature miR-34a and the survival of patients with breast cancer. Methods: The expression level of mature miR-34a in breast cancer tissues (n = 93) and benign breast lesions (n = 5, as the control) was detected by TaqMan probe-based real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (TaqMan® MicroRNA Assay Kit). The bisulfite conversion and purification of genomic DNA from each formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded breast cancer samples were performed by EpiTect Fast FFPE Bisulfite Kit. The methylation status of miR-34a gene promoter in breast cancer samples was assessed by methylation-specific PCR. The relationship between miR-34a expression and miR -34a gene methylation was statistically analyzed. The prognostic value of miR -34a gene methylation was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curve. Results: The expression level of miR-34a in breast cancer was significantly lower than that in benign breast lesions (P = 0.006). The expression of miR-34a was negative correlated with tumor size (r = -0.312, P = 0.021), lymph node metastasis (r = -0.378, P = 0.004) and tumor grade (r = -0.341, P = 0.011). However, the expression of miR-34a was not associated with estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) or human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) (all P>0.05). The level of mature miR-34a in unmethylated group was significantly higher than that in methylated/unmethylated group or methylated group (both P<0.001). Compared with unmethylated group and methylated/unmethylated group, the recurrence-free survival (P<0.001, P = 0.019) and overall survival (P = 0.002, P<0.001) of patients with breast cancer were significantly reduced in miR -34a gene methylated group. Conclusion: In some patients with breast cancer, the methylation of miR -34a gene may lead to the down-regulation of mature miR-34a expression. Furthermore, the methylation status of miR -34a gene is associated with the risk of tumor recurrence and poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer.

Objective To understand the molecular aberration at whole genomic level,CGH (comparative genomic hybridization) was used to investigate genetic abnormality in lung cancer.Methods Comparative genomic hybridization was performed in 17 cases to detect the global genomic aberration in cancer tissue cells.Results All of 17 cases detected by CGH showed chromosomal aberrations.The average numbers of chromosomal gains and losses in each case were 7.0 and 4.8 in NSCLC and 8.4 and 9.6 in SCLC,respectively.The frequency of gains and losses on chromosome had no significant differences between NSCLC and SCLC.The frequencies of gains on chromosomal arms 3q24 -28 and 11q13(58.3％ and 58.3％ ) in NSCLC were significantly higher than that in SCLC(0％ and 0％ ) ( P ＜0.05 and ＜0.05,respectively).Conclusions The cytogenetic aberration generally existed in lung cancer cells.Several regions ( more than one) of chromosomal aberration were involved in the carcinogenesis of NSCLC and SCLC.The regions and frequencies of chromosomal aberration in NSCLC were somewhat different from that in SCLC,which might result in the different biological behavior of the two types of lung cancer.The chromosomal aberration might be served as a marker to differentiate the two types of lung cancer.

BACKGROUND:Osteoarthritis animal models induced by papain are commonly used for studying osteoarthritis.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the morphology of articular cartilage surface during early osteoarthritis process in rats induced by papain and L-cysteine under scanning electron microscope.
METHODS:The right knees of Sprague-Dawley rats were given 0.15 mL mixed solution of 2%papain and 0.03 mol/L L-cysteine in the ratio of 2:1. The left knees were given injections of 0.15 mL 0.9%NaCl, as the control group. Another two rats (four knees) maintained untreated, as the normal control group. Al the rats were observed with scanning electron microscope at 2, 4, 6 weeks after injection, to explore the surface morphology of medial condyle of femur.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The condyles of normal and control groups revealed numerous shal ow pits on the surface of articular cartilage. At 2 weeks after injection, the surfaces of condyles were unsmooth, presenting the shrinkage and distortion. The thinner articular cartilage and local tiny cracks were seen at 4 weeks. The deep and great cracks and cartilage defect were observed on the surface of cartilage at 6 weeks. The time of 4-6 weeks is a reference point for establishing early osteoarthritis model in rats through injections of 2%papain and 0.03 mol/L L-cysteine.

OBJECTIVE: To describe our experience in the clinical manifestation and treatment of malignant tumors of the external and middle ear. METHOD: The study reviewed 39 patients between 1994-2011 in our hospital, including 15 pinna tumors, 18 external canal tumors and 6 middle ear tumors. 23 males and 16 females were enrolled in this study. The mean age of patients at the time of surgery was 59. Radiotherapy or radiotherapy and chemotherapy were the only possible treatment in 6 cases. Thirty-three patients were treated surgically, and 9 patients also received radiotherapy after surgery. RESULT: All of the patients had been followed up over 3 years, except for 1 case of external canal and 1 case of middle ear tumor. The 3-year survival of pinna, external canal and middle ear tumors were 86.7%, 82.4% and 60.0% respectively. At the last follow up, the pinna tumors showed that the survival rate was 100% in T1, T2 and Tx stage, and 0% in T4 stage; the external canal tumors showed that the survival rate was 90% in T1 stage, and 66.7% in T2, T3 stage; the middle ear tumors showed that the survival rate was 100% in T1 and T2 stage, 0% in T3 stage. CONCLUSION The T staging system is for an important prognostic factor, and it is important for an early diagnosis and radical surgery to achieve a better therapeutical result.
Ear Auricle ; pathology ; Ear Canal ; pathology ; Ear Neoplasms ; pathology ; Ear, Middle ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Staging ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

Objective: To explore the effect of chest physical therapy guided by ultrasound in patients with severe pneumonia. Methods: One hundred patients with mechanical ventilation in the ICU were divided into a control group and a test group according to the occupancy time. The control group was given chest physical therapy according to routine imaging data and pulmonary auscultation. The experimental group was given physical therapy of the chest according to the routine imaging and pulmonary auscultation, also according to the BLUE ultrasound protocol. The mechanical ventilation time, ICU hospitalization time and the drainage capacity of 1 day, 2 days, 4 days, and 7 days after treatment were observed. Results: The mechanical ventilation time was (7.82±1.38) days and ICU hospitalization time were (10.16±1.88) days in the test group. The mechanical ventilation time was (10.14±1.73) days and ICU hospitalization time were (12.78±2.11) days in the control group. There were significant differences between the two groups (t=7.42, 6.56, P<0.05). There was a significant difference in the ability of spontaneous drainage on the 4th and 7th day after treatment between the two groups (Z=-2.47, -2.52, P<0.05). The sputum ability on the first and second day after treatment were not statistically significant between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions Pulmonary ultrasound can continuously monitor lung changes. Nurses can perform targeted nursing treatment on the basis of ultrasound.

Objective: To investigate the status and trend of low vision of junior and senior high school students in Beijing from 2009 to 2018, and to provide evidence for myopia prevention. Methods: Data came from the results of physical examination of eyesight in 2009-2018 in Beijing, which were cdlected among juncor and senior high school students in March every year. Detection rate of low vision of students and the difference across different districts and counties were analyzed. Results: From 2009 to 2018, the rate of low vision of high school and college entrance examination students in Beijing was on the rise, with the average rate of low vision of 86.07% and 76.36% respectively. Similar trend was found in the rate of high myopia(16.39% and 18.64%,respectively), while that of light and medium myopia tends to be stable. The highest rate of low vision among junior middle school students was in Xicheng (84.75%) District and Chaoyang District (84.03%), and for high middle school students,the highest rate of myopia was found in Fengtai District (91.17%) and Dongcheng District (89.92%). Conclusion In Beijing, the detection rate of low vision of middle school and college entrance examination students increased steadily, especially the high myopia. The health education of eyesight protection is of great significance to students. It is necessary to strengthen the extensive intervention of eyesight protection in middle and college entrance examination students.

Background:Acute severe gastrointestinal bleeding is one of the severe complications of Crohn's disease (CD),and clinical data conceming its mechanism,characteristics and treatment are rare.Aims:To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of acute severe gastrointestinal bleeding in CD.Methods:Clinical data of CD patients with acute severe gastrointestinal bleeding from January 2009 to April 2017 at Jinling Hospital were retrospectively analyzed,and the effect of various factors on rebleeding rate was analyzed.Results:Altogether 44 cases had acute severe gastrointestinal bleeding.Small intestine,ileocecum and anastomosis were the main bleeding sites,and 17 cases occurred with obscure bleeding site.History of enterectomy was found in 20 cases.Surgery was performed in 22 cases.Rebleeding occurred in 13 cases,including 11 cases within 1-year.No significant differences in rebleeding rate and 1-year rebleeding rate were found between patients received surgery and non-surgery treatment,patients with emergency surgery and selective surgery (P ＞0.05).Rebleeding rate was significantly lower in patients with bleeding site resected than in paitents with obscure bleeding stie (P ＜ 0.05),however,no significant difference in 1-year rebleeding rate was found betwwen the two groups (P =0.083).Conclusions:The incidence of acute severe gastrointestinal bleeding in CD is rather low,and the major bleeding sites are small intestine (among patients without enterectomy history) and anastomosis (among patients with enterectomy history).Surgery with bleeding site resected can decrease the recurrence of bleeding,which might be a protective factor for preventing rebleeding in CD patients.