Objective To observe the distribution of substance P in the accessory auditory pathway of pigeon. Methods Immunocytochemical staining by using specific antibody against substance P was used. Results Intensely stained SP-like immunoreactive (SP-ir) neurons and fibers were mainly observed in the nucleus intercollicularis (ICo), periphery area of nucleus ventralis leminisci lateralis(VLV), shell area of nucleus ovoidalis (Ov), nucleus periventricularis magnocellularis (PVM), nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami(VMN), periphery area of the nucleus taeniae (Tn) of posterior archistriatum, nucleus preopticus anterior(POA), and the tractus septomesencephalicus(TSM).Conclusion There are many SP-ir structures in the accessory auditory pathway and brain regions related to reproductive control of the pigeon. Our results suggest SP may play a functional role in the vocal and endocrine regulation.

Resveratrol is a kind of polyphenolic compounds, and widely exists in plants.It can be provided with comprehensive physiological and pharmacological effects. In this paper, the authors reviewed the effect of resveratrol on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, the effective treatment of atherosclerotic diseases and coronary heart disease, and discuss the protective effect and the mechanism of resveratrol on cardiovascular disease through the effect of the electrophysiology and the accommodation of the blood vessel.

To strengthen the medical ethics education in the clinical practice stage in the department ot obstetrics and gynecology meets the requirements of the modern medical education under new situation.Aiming at the status quo of medical ethics education in China and abroad,this paper put forward specific recommendations in terms of the setting of teaching contents,the design of teaching approaches,the construction of teaching staff,as well as the evaluation of teaching achievements,and thus to enhance the understanding of medical students and interns to medical ethics and cultivate their practical capacity of analyzing and solving problems in clinical ethical dilemmas.

Effect of-berberine on reperfusion arrhythmias was studied using a 10 rain left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by reperfusion in the isolated rat heart. Berberine, when given 10min before coronary ligation, reduced the incidence of reperfusion arrhythmias in a dose-riependent manner. With 10-5, 3. 16?10-5 and 10-4 mol/L of berberine, ventricular fibrillation was reduced from its control incidence of 100% to 90%, 70% and 40% (P

OBJECTIVE:To study whether Radix Inulae can replace Radix Aristolochiae as medicinal material.METHO_ DS:Comparison was made between Radix Inulae and Radix Aristolochiae in terms of plant resources,functions and indications,chemical compositions,pharmacologic actions,clinical applications,etc.by reviewing literature.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:Radix Inulae and Radix Aristolochiae were different in every aspect,thus the two can’t be replaced by each other as medicinal material.

Objective To investigate toe-brachial index ( TBI) in the diagnosis of peripheral artery disease ( PAD) and its risk factors in the patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods TBI was examined in the 238 patients with type 2 diabetes.The patients were divided into the group with low TBI ( TBI≤0.7 ) and the group with normal ABI ( TBI>0.7 ) .The two groups were compared for clinical parameters.Results Thirty two patients (13.4%)with abnormal ABI (TBI≤0.7) showed older age [(63.8 ±9.9) yrs vs (54.9 ±10.8) yrs, P =0.000] , lower diastolic blood pressure [(70.5 ±6.9) mmHg vs (74.9 ±9.1) mmHg, P =0.003], more frequency of hypertension (56.3%vs 38.3%, P =0.043), coronary artery heart disease (28.7%vs 10.7%, P =0.020) and cere-bral vascular disease (15.6%vs 4.4%, P =0.025).Step-wise analysis screened that age and diastolic blood pressure were the inde-pendent risk factors for TBI .Conclusions Aging and hypertension were the risk factors in the patients with abnormal TBI in type 2 di-abetes.TBI was an easy and economical method for diagnosing PAD in patients with type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND:Matrix metal oproteinase-13 is most active in the degradation of col agen type II in the extracel ular matrix of cartilage. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is thought to be the inducer of matrix metal oproteinases, and participates in the degradation and degeneration of articular cartilage. OBJECTIVE:To study the influence of IL-1βon microRNA-27b (miR-27b) and matrix metal oproteinase-13 expression of chondrocytes in rats. METHODS:Chondrocytes isolated from seven male Wistar rats were cultured and divided into IL-1βstimulation group and control group. No stimulus was given in the control group;10μg/L of serum free medium was used to culture rat chondrocytes in the IL-1βstimulation group. Cel growth was observed at 0, 24, and 48 hours under an inverted microscope. miR-27b and matrix metal oproteinase-13 expression in the cultured chondrocytes were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The relative expression of matrix metal oproteinase-13 in rat chondrocytes was gradual y increased when induced by IL-1βat 0, 24, and 48 hours (P<0.05). Expression of miR-27b and miR-31 in rat chondrocytes at 24 and 48 hours induced by IL-1βgradual y decreased (P<0.05);conversely, expression of MiR-26a, miR-26b, miR-23, and miR-204 gradual y increased (P<0.05). After 48 hours of IL-1βinduction, expression of miR-27b was the lowest in rat chondrocytes (P<0.05). These findings suggest that IL-1βinhibits miR-27b expression, strengthens the expression of matrix metal oproteinase-13, and damages chondrocytes, contributing to both the onset and progression of osteoarthritis.

Objective Negative pressure aspirator clogging ( OSAC) frequently occurs in orthopedic surgery .This study was to investigate the frequency , location , and mechanisms of OSAC in China by analysis of the current status and clinical observation of OSAC so as to provide evidence for the solution of the problem . Methods Using the two-stage random sampling method , we conduc-ted a questionnaire survey on OSAC among 738 clinical orthopedists during the 16th and 17th Chinese Orthopedic Association Confer-ences.Totally, 160 out 1200 orthopedic surgeries were randomly selected in the time order of operation , including 38 cases of total hip arthroplasty ( THA) , 39 cases of total knee arthroplasty ( TKA) , 43 cases of extremity and spinal fractures surgery , and 40 cases of other orthopedic surgeries .We also obtained the satisfaction scores with the existing aspirators from related medical professionals . Results Among the 738 respondents included into the analysis , 706 (95.7%) thought that OSAC often occurred during surgery , 631 (85.5%) considered THA to be the leading cause of OSAC , and 714 (96.7%) regarded the tip and hose joint of the aspirator as the common causes . The mean satisfaction score with the existing aspirators was 7.62 ±0.74.Clinical observation showed the mean frequency of OSAC to be 2.55 ±1.62 in THA, 1.95 ±1.33 in TKA, 1.52 ±1.18 in extremity and spinal fracture surgeries , and 0.95 ± 0.68 in other orthopedic surgeries , and the satisfaction score to be 7.36 ±0.84. Conclusion OSAC has a high incidence rate during orthopedic surgeries in China , thus affecting orthopedic surgery and reducing orthopedists'satisfaction with the aspirators . The current negative pressure aspirator system demands prompt improvement .

Objective:A new type of bio-ink and polycaprolactone (PCL) were used to construct an integrated osteochon-dral composite tissue block by multi-nozzle 3D bioprinter. And the repair results to osteochondral defects were evaluated.Methods:In freeze-drying group: Freeze-dried composite scaffold made by silk fibroin (SF) and β-tricalcium phosphate was used to repair osteochondral defects, as control. In the 3D printing group: PCL was used to printed a hollow multi-layer cylinder frame by 3D biological printer. Extracellular matrix, SF and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were used as chondral bio-ink. Then, chon-dral bio-ink was used to print tissue-engineered cartilage on top of PCL frame. Before implantation of cartilage defect, autogenous cancellous bone was filled in PCL frame, then the tissue-engineered osteochondral composite was used to repair osteochondral defects. In mosaic group: Autologous osteochondral transplantation was performed. The repair results of the above three groups were compared by histological score, biochemical analysis and biomechanical test to evaluate the effect of repairing rabbit cartilage defects.Results:The compression modulus of neo-cartilage in the 3D print group 2.56±0.30 MPa was close to that of the mosaic group 2.51±0.13 MPa ( P>0.05), and significantly higher than that of freeze-dried group 1.37±0.14 MPa ( F=11.058, P<0.05). The sGAG contents in the 3D print group 14.49±0.7 μg/mg was close to that of the mosaic group 14.98±0.81 μg/mg ( P>0.05), and significantly higher than that of freeze-dried group 8.72±0.73 μg/mg ( F=20.973, P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in collagen content between the three groups ( P>0.05). The results of ICRS cartilage repair histology score showed that the scores of the 3D print group were close to those of the mosaic group in the matrix, cell distribution, cell viability and subchondral bone ( P>0.05), and were significantly higher than those of freeze-dried group in the surface and cartilage mineralization scores ( F=19.544, P<0.05). Conclusion:Using the new bio-ink to make bone cartilage composite scaffold by 3D bio printing can simplify the construction of tissue-engineered bone cartilage composite tissue in vitro, and can repair cartilage defects in vivo.

OBJECTIVETo define the determinants of perioperative death and complications after cardiac valve replacement in 702 patients.

METHODSClinical data of the patients after cardiac valve replacement were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSPerioperative mortality and morbidity correlated significantly with some of the perioperative variables, such as higher NYHA functional class (III or IV), large left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (>/= 70 mm), C/T >/= 0.70, prolonged aortic cross-clamping time and cardiopulmonary bypass time, unsatisfactory myocardial protection.

CONCLUSIONSPerioperative mortality and morbidity correlate significantly with some of perioperative variables, such as higher NYHA functional class, unsatisfactory myocardial protection, inappropriate surgical procedure, improper therapy of some complications after cardiac valve replacement. To avoid the occurrence of these independent predictors or to correct them timely might effectively decrease the perioperative mortality and morbidity after cardiac valve replacement.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Female ; Heart Valve Diseases ; mortality ; surgery ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Intraoperative Complications ; mortality ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Postoperative Complications ; mortality