In clinical practice,we have adopted the methods such as intensifying the knowledge of preclinical medicine,learning to collect case history,training medical check-up,understanding the significance of auxiliary examination and encouraging the students to form the clinical thinking ability,and thus achieved satisfactory effect and obtained the positive opinion of students.

Post-stroke infection mainly includes stroke-associated pneumonia and urinary tract infection.It is one of the major causes of increasing disability and mortality in patients with stroke.Its occurrence and development is associated with the basal state,stroke location,infarct volume,severity,dysphasia,aphasia and other factors of the whole body system in patients with stroke.In recent years,stroke-induced immunosuppression is receiving increasing attention.

Objective To investigate the effect of adenosine on pulmonary injury after extracorporeal circulation. Methods Twelve mongrel dogs were randomly divided into two groups, the test group and control group. The model of extracorporeal circulation was established. In the test group and control group, adenosine(50μg/kg*min) and normal saline were infused before extracorporeal circulation respectively. Hemodynamics, right cardiac function and arterial blood gas were assessed. Lung water and malondialdehyde content were assessed. Histological evaluation was also made. Results　There were no differences between the two groups with respect to heart rate, mean systemic artery pressure, left atrial pressure, and central venous pressure. In the test group, pulmonary vascular resistance was lower and right cardiac function improved remarkably; arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) was also higher, less lung water was observed and the malondialdehyde content in the pulmonary tissue was lower (P＜0.05,P＜0.01). Histological evaluation of the test group revealed normal pulmonary architecture without abundant intra-alveolar neutrophils. Conclusion Adenosine can attenuate ischemia-reperfusion lung injury and right cardiac insufficiency caused by extracorporeal circulation. At a proper dose, there was no significant effect on systemic hemodynamics.

Objective To screen single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)of DNA methyltransferase 1 gene in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).and to investigate the significance of abnormal expression of DNA methyltransferase in the pathogenesis of SLE.Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)were obtained from 11 patients with SLE and 12 normal human controls.DNA was extracted from the PBMCs.and PCR was performed to amplify some exons(1 to 7)and corresponding introns followed by direct sequencing.Results There was a 21397T/C SNP in the intron 7 between exon 7 and exon 8 of DNA methyltransferase 1 gene in patients with SLE.The frequency of CC homozygote increased in patients with SLE compared with that in normal controls(5/11 vs 1/12,X~2=4.10,P＜0.05).Conclusions There is a 21397T/C SNP in DNA methyltransferase 1 gene in patients with SLE.which may be a component of genetic background underlying the abnormal expression Of DNA methyltransferase 1.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy ofmassotherapy plus warming acupuncture for treatment of patellar malacia. Methods: Seventy-two patients with patellar malacia were randomly divided into observation and control groups, treated by massotherapy plus warming acupuncture and simple medication, respectively. Results: The effective rate was 83.3% in the observation group and 56.7% in the control group. There was a significant difference in curative effect between the two groups (P＜0.01). Conclusion: The curative effect of massotherapy plus warming acupuncture on patellar malacia is superior to that of simple medication.

Objective To explore the possibility of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiating into active melanocytes in vitro.Methods Bone marrow stromal cells were harvested from femoral marrow of 6-week-old black male C57BL/6 mice,and subjected to a primary culture.After 6-passage subculture,an induction medium containing hydrocortisone,recombinant human insulin,transferrin and fibroblast growth factor was used to induce the differentiation of MSCs into melanocytes.Inverted light microscopy was applied to observe the process of cell differentiation,transmission electron microscopy to observe melanosome formation and maturation,and immunocytochemistry to determine the expression of melanocyte-associated epitopes,and flow cytometry to analyze cell cycles and yield of differentiated melanocytes.Results The total number of MSCs was close to 109 after 6 passages of subculture,and immunofluorescent studies showed an expression rate of 94.3％ for CD44 and 82.3％ for CD105 in these MSCs.After 180-day cultivation in the induction medium,the MSCs showed a morphological similarity to melanocytes with an increase in dendrites,formation of melanosome-like structures,and cell growth cycle was shortened to 3-4 days.Brown/black cell sediments were visualized by naked eyes.Electron microscopy revealed that intracellular melanosomes were mainly in Ⅳ phase.Immunofluorescence studies of the differentiated melanocytes showed a positive staining for tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1),TRP-2,and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF).Flow cytometric analysis showed that most of the melanocytes differentiated from the MSCs were in G1 and S phases,and TRP-1-positive melanocytes amounted to 80％ of gate cells.Conclusions Bone marrow MSCs can be largely differentiated into melanocytes with a close similarity to normal melanocytes in morphology,ultrastructure and specific epitopes and a certain degree of proliferative activity.

Objective To investigate the sequence-dependent effects of gemcitabine plus erlotinib on the proliferation of human pancreatic carcinoma cells,BXPC-3 and PANC-1,and the possible mechanisms involved.Methods The expressions of mRNA and protein of endothelial growth factor receptor(EGFR)were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting respectively.MTT assay was used to examine the effects of gemcitabine(3?10-11-3?10-2mol/L)and erlotinib(10-8-10-4mol/L),respectively,on the proliferation of human pancreatic carcinoma cells,then the IC50 was calculated subsequently.The effects of gemcitabine(IC50)and erlotinib(10-5mol/L)either administered alone,simultaneously,or sequentially(with 72h or 24h interval)on the proliferation of cells with MTT assay.Cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry.Results Both mRNA and protein of EGFR were expressed in BXPC-3 and PANC-1 cells.Gemcitabine(3?10-10-3?10-2mol/L)and erlotinib(10-6-10-4mol/L)significantly inhibited the proliferation of BXPC-3 and PANC-1 cells in a time-and concentration-dependent manner.The effects of gemcitabine plus erlotinib on cell proliferation were sequence-dependent.The inhibitory effects on cell proliferation was enhanced when administered simultaneously(P=0.034;P=0.049)or erlotinib was administered 24h prior to gemcitabine(P=0.001;P=0.025)in comparison to that of each drug used alone.However,administration of erlotinib 24h after that of gemcitabine(P=0.499,P=0.824)exerted no additive effects on the cell proliferation when compared with the effect of gemcitabine used alone.No statistical difference existed in the inhibitory effects on cell proliferation between the simultaneous administration of both drugs and the gemcitabine administration following erlotinib(P=0.199,P=0.767).Erlotinib plus/or gemcitabine treatment resulted in the block of cell cycle of BXPC-3 cells at G1 phase.Conclusions Both gemcitabine and erlotinib can inhibit the proliferation of BXPC-3 and PANC-1 cells.The concurrent administration or sequential administration of gemcitabine following erlotinib exerts stronger additive effects on cell proliferation than when gemcitabine is used alone.However,the additive effects are not related to the influence of the both drugs on cell cycles.

Objective To investigate the relationship among interstitial infiltrating inflammatory cells (including CD4+, CD8+, CD25+, MAC387+ and 27E10+), renal function and pathological changes in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Methods This study included 36 IgAN patients. PAS and immunohistochemistry method were applied to stain paraffin sections. The surface of interstitial tubules, the amount of CD4+, CD8+, CD25+, MAC387+, 27E10 + cells per unit were counted(cells/mm2), together with pathological changes (including glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy and interstitial sclerosis) and renal function during and after biopsy were determined by using image analysis system and SPSS software pack. Results In the renal tubulointerstitium, the number of CD4+ cells correlated with interstitial fibrosis (r=0.38 ,P

Objective To investigate the influent factors on normal intraabdominal pressure (IAP) and establish the IAP regressive equation. Methods The IAPs of 106 hospitalized patients were determined through monitoring the bladder pressures. The relationship between IAP and 14 factors including age, gender, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), previous and recent abdominal surgical history, reasons for admission,complications and their quantities were analyzed,respectively Results The mean IAP of the hospitalized patients was 5.5 mm Hg with a range from 0.4 mm Hg to 12.8 mm Hg. The difference among IAPs of different grades of BMIs had statistical significance ( F =5.550, P 0.05). Conclusion Normal IAP is possibly influenced by gender and BMI,and it is individually different.