OBJECTIVE:To understand the drug use of sample hospitals,and to provide reference for drug production,man-agement and service department. METHODS:Statistical analysis was conducted in the data of drug use in national 1 248 sample hos-pitals during 4th quarter of 2012-3rd quarter of 2013. RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:Anti-infection medicine,Chinese patent medi-cine,nervous system drugs has being ranked the top 3 in the list of consumption sum,and that of various drugs is in an upward trend. Top 20 drugs in the list of consumption sum mainly are biological products,drugs for the nervous system,digestive system drugs;that of human albumin and deproteinized calf serum have increased greatly. Top 10 imported pharmaceutical enterprises or joint ventures in the list of consumption sum mainly are multinational enterprises,and they are stable in ranking. The development of pharmaceutical enterprises should focus on brand,quality,price and service,etc.,so that their competitiveness can be improved.

Objective To study the clinical features and therapeutic effects of pituitary adenomas in elderly patients. Methods The clinical materials including main clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods and outcome of treatments of 49 elderly patients with the pituitary adenomas from 1987 to1998 were analyzed retrospectively. Results It was showed from the data that the average duration of illness was 4 4 years; and 46(93 8%) cases were with visual deterioration, 20 (40 8%) with headache, and 16(32 7%) with endocrine abnormality. The diameter of tumors was more than 3 cm in 25 (51 0%), and the non functioning adenomas were found in 27 (55 1%). Operation was undergone through trans sphenoidal (61 2%), subfrontal (32 7%) and extensive subfrontal extradural approaches(6 1%), respectively. Among the 49 cases, tumor was totally or subtotally removed in 38 cases (77 6%), large partially or partially removed in 11 cases (22 4%). The results of operation through the trans sphenoidal approach were superior to other routes All patients were long term followed up for an average of 50 5 months. Visual disturbances were improved in 27 of 46(58 7%). A total of 43 patients could live by themselves Tumor disappearance was observed in 30 cases and recurrence in five cases. Five cases showed no changes in tumor size. 28 cases underwent radiotherapy after surgery and the occurrence rate of hypopituitarism after radiotherapy turned to be 50%. Total tumor control rate was calculated as 93%. Conclusions Macroadenomas and non functional pituitary adenomas happened most frequently in elderly patients and the main clinical symptoms was visual deterioration. Trans sphenoidal route for microsurgery was believed to be the first choice of operation. Tumor recurrence can be controlled or delayed by postoperative radiotherapy, but severe complication of the visual injury and pituitary dysfunction should be paid much attention.

Objective To study the role of interleukin-6(IL-6)in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer and its clinical significance. Methods Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of IL-6 protein and mRNA in frozen prostatic adenocarcinoma,adjacent benign prostatic tissue,and prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and LNCaP. The serum levels of IL-6 in patients with prostate cancer and healthy controls,and the supernatants of prostate cancer cell cultures were measured by using ELISA. Results The IL-6 protein levels in prostate cancer tissue and PC-3 cells were significantly higher than those in adjacent benign prostatic tissue and LNCaP cells. The serum IL-6 levels in the patients with prostate cancer were markedly higher than those in the healthy controls. The IL-6 levels in supernatants in PC-3 cells were notably higher than those in the LNCaP cells. Conclusion The IL-6 gene may act as an important regulator in prostate cancer progression and may be one of the causes of prostate cancer conversion from an initially androgen-dependent state into an androgen-independent state.

The association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in -174G/C and -634C/G of interleukin-6 (IL-6) promoter region and prostate cancer was examined in the population of Han people in Hubei region. TaqMan PCR was employed for the gene-typing of -174G/C and -634C/G in promoter region of IL-6 gene to compare the prostate cancer patients and normal controls in terms of genotype frequency, allele frequency and risk of prostate cancer. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the detection of IL-6 concentration in peripheral blood of the patients with prostate cancer and the relationship between the IL-6 level and the genotype was studied. Our results showed that in all the subjects, the genotype of genetic locus -174G/C was found to be GG and no CG and CC were observed. There was a significant difference in gene frequency of GG, CG and CC of -634C/G and allele frequency of G and C between prostate cancer patients and normal controls (P<0.05) and the gene frequency of GG+CG increased with the clinical stages and pathological grades of prostate cancer. The IL-6 level in GG+CG group was significantly higher than that in CC group. It was concluded that no SNP in -174G/C IL-6 promoter region was found in the population of Han people in Hubei region. The SNP in -634C/G was, to some extent, associated with the development and progression of prostate cancer. The population with GG+CG genetype has higher risk for prostate cancer.
Alleles ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Interleukin-6/*genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*genetics

This study examined the effect of silencing LRIG3 expression on the proliferation and apoptosis of bladder cancer T24 cells and explored the role of LRIG3 in the tumorigenesis of bladder cancer. Bladder cancer T24 cells were routinely cultured and pSilencer plasmids were employed to construct LRIG3 eukaryotic expression vector of LRIG3-siRNA, i.e., pSilencer-LRIG3-siRNA. After confirmation, the vector was transfected into HEK293 cells to make a replication-deficient adenovirus, pAd-LRIG3-siRNA, which was then introduced into bladder cancer T24 cells. RT-PCR, Western-blotting were performed to detect the levels of LRIG3 mRNA and proteins. Cells number was determined by using MTT test. Hoechst33258 staining, transmission microscopy, flow cytometery were conducted to examine the cell apoptosis. Three groups included a blank control group, a negative control group (containing non-interfering plasmids) and a pAd-LRIG3-siRNA group. Our results showed that the recombinant pAd-LRIG3-siRNA was successfully transfected into the bladder cancer T24 cells. The siRNA formed by the transcription of the recombinant plasmids resulted in significantly reduced expressions of LRIG3 gene and protein and significantly decreased cell proliferation and growth in the pAd-LRIG3-siRNA group as compared with the control group (P<0.01). The siRNA also caused apoptotic changes of some cells, with the apoptosis rate being (17.69±0.75)%, which was significantly different from that of the control group (P<0.01). It was concluded that recombinant pAd-LRIG3-siRNA plasmids could effectively decrease the expression of LRIG3 mRNA and proteins and, to some extent, inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of bladder cancer T24 cells. Silencing LRIG3 gene might be a novel alternative for the treatment of bladder cancer.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of lauromacrogol injection sclerotherapy with ethanol injection sclerotherapy in treating simple liver cysts. Methods A total of 166 patients with simple liver cyst were randomly divided into the lauromacrogol group (study group, n=86) and the absolute alcohol group (control group, n=80). Under ultrasonographic guidance, puncture aspiration of liver cyst was carried out in all patients, which was followed by injection of lauromacrogol for patients in the study group or injection of ethanol for patients in the control group. The therapeutic effect and the side-effect were evaluated. The results were compared between the two groups. Results No serious complications such as bleeding or infection occurred in both groups. During the therapeutic course , 45 patients (56.3%) in the control group felt pain to some degree and 23 patients (28.8%) developed drunk-like symptoms, while no patient in the study group felt any obvious discomfort. One week after sclerotherapy , 20 patients (25%) in the control group complained of distending pain on the right upper abdomen, while only 9 patients (10.5%) in the study group complained of pain, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2= 6.073, P < 0.05). Six months after the treatment, the cure rate of the study group and the control group was 95.7%and 93.5%respectively, and the difference between the two groups was no significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion For the treatment of liver cysts, lauromacrogol injection is safe and effective. Therefore, this technique should be recommended in clinical practice.

Objective To characterize rpoB gene mutations in rifampin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tuberculosis) in Zhejiang Province.Methods A total of 188 clinical isolates of M.tuberculosis from 188 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province and Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Zhejiang Province were collected.Conventional drug resistance analysis was performed and the mutation of rpoB gene was detected by PCR-based DNA sequencing.The association between gene mutations in rifampin-resistance determining region of M.tuberculosis and clinical resistance was analyzed.Results Fifty-seven out of 188 isolates (30.3％) were drug-resistant strains,including 18 isolates (9.6％) with single-resistance to rifampin,28 isolates (14.9％) with single-resistance to other anti-tuberculosis drugs (10 to isoniazid,12 to streptomycin and 6 to ethambutol),and 11 isolates (5.9％) with multi-drug-resistance (rifampin plus one or more drugs of isoniazid,streptomycin and ethambutol).Among 29 rifampin-resistant strains,rpoB gene mutation existed in 27 strains (93.1％),and the most frequently mutated sites were codons 526 (55.6％,16/27),513 (22.2％,5/27),531 (14.8 ％,4/27)) and 529 (7.4％,2/27).Among 28 strains which were resistant to other anti-tuberculosis drugs,rpoB mutations existed in 4 strains (14.3％),and the mutated sites were codons 526 (2 strains) and 513 (2 strains).All 13 sensitive isolates had no mutation in rpoB gene.Conclusion Rifampin resistance in M.tuberculosis is closely correlated with rpoB gene mutations in Zhejiang province,and the most frequent sites of mutation are at codons 526 and 513.

Objective 　To investigate methods for the diagnosis and treatment of primary angitis of central nervous system (PACNS). Methods　Radiological and clinical feature, operative resutls of 12 patients with mass lesion presentations of PACNS were analyzed retrospectively. Results　The lesions showed low density on CT and long T1 and long T2 signal on MRI. The ring-wall enhanced lesions on MRI were flowery in 7 patients. Gross total resection of the lesions were performed in 10 patients with excellent recovery postoperatively. Growth of lesions were observed in 2 patients who underwent subtotal resection. Conclusions　 Lesions of PACNS have special appearance on enhanced MRI. More patients with mass lesion presentations of PACNS could be diagnosed preoperatively according to radiological and clinical feature.For these patients, surgery is the optimal treatment at present.

Objective To investigate the bacteroides of patients with AIDS and the healthy control by real-time quantitative PCR in order to reveal the role and significance of gut microflora in the AIDS-associated molecular pathogenesis. Methods The feces of the preoperative AIDS patients (n = 30) and the healthy control (n = 30) were collected. According to the sequences of target genes, specific PCR primers were designed. Bacterial genome DNA extracted from fecal samples was quantified by real-time quantitative PCR to analyze the bacterial amounts. Results In the patients with AIDS, the level of B.fragilis (3.23 ± 1.59; 4.05 ± 1.65), B.uniformis (5.69 ± 0.95;6.70 ± 2.18), B.thetaiotaomicron (5.01 ± 1.61; 6.41 ± 2.34), B.ovatus (5.78 ± 1.03; 7.07 ± 1.75), B.distasonis (4.21 ± 1.21; 5.53 ± 2.46) and B.vulgatus (2.92 ± 1.30; 4.48 ± 1.32) were significantly higher than those of healthy controls (P < 0.05). Conclusion The amount of fecal bacteroides of AIDS patients are significantly higher than those of the healthy control. These data indicate that the gut microflora of AIDS patients was disordered.

Objective To analyze the variation of intestinal microflora in patients with colorectal cancer by SYBR GreenⅠreal-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and reveal the role and significance of intestinal microflora in the colorectal cancer-associated molecular pathogenesis.Methods A set of 16S rRNA gene group of species-specific primers for Bifidobacterium spp.,Lactobacillus group,Escherichia coli,and ddl gene-targeted species-specific primers for Enterococcus faecalis and feces Enterococcus were designed.Patients with colorectal cancer(colorectal cancer group,n=30) and healthy volunteers(normal control group,n=30) were included and whose feces were collected to extract bacterial genome DNA.SYBR GreenⅠ real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to analyze the five mentioned bacterial amounts.Results Level of Bifidobacterium spp.(4.52?0.49) and Lactobacillus group(5.46?0.12) in colorectal cancer group were significantly lower than those(9.25?0.83 and 7.45?0.37) of normal control group(P