Objective　To investigate the correlation of pathology to immunology in animals with tuberculosis by molecular pathology. Methods　BALB/c mice were randomly divided into two groups: tuberculosis model (A) and control mice (N). Immunohistochemistry technology was used to investigate the correlation between the expression of IFN-γ, IL-4 and iNOS and the type as well as magnitude of tissue injury. Results　Two phases were observed during the 2nd week characterized by inflammatory infiltration in the alveolar-capillary interstitium and the tissues surrounding blood vessels. A predominance of TH1 cells was shown by a higher percentage of IFN-γ positive cells and a lower percentage of IL-4 positive cells in the inflammatory infiltrate identified by immunohistology. From the 4th week after infection to the end of experiment, we observed a chronic advanced phase characterized by pneumonia and local necrosis with a TH0 balance due to an equivalent proportion of IFN-γ and IL-4 positive cells in the lung lesions. The iNOS expression was increased in acute phase and decreased in chronic phase. Conclusion　There is a closely correlation on the kinetics of TH1/TH2 cells and iNOS expression with the type and magnitude of tissue injury during the infection of tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND:Knee osteoarthritis is prevalent among the middle-aged and senior people in Asian countries, however, the epidemiology survey of total knee arthroplasty is rarely reported in China.
OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze the data of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty from 2008 to 2013 in Hefei City, and explore the distribution of age and gender of these patients.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis among patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty from January 1st 2008 to December 31st 2013 in Hefei City was performed. Data were extracted from the database of Medical Records Room of Relevant Hospitals in Hefei City, including the patient’s gender, age, disease duration, education level, body mass index and surgical site. In addition, more clinical information in one hospital were selected and analyzed, to compare the difference of clinical features between men and women.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:From 2008 to 2013, totaly 1 146 patients underwent total knee arthroplasty due to knee osteoarthritis. The rate of total knee arthroplasty increased over the 6 years and was much higher in women than in men. The single-centre registry data revealed that there was no difference in age, disease duration, education level, and body mass index and surgical site between men and women. Our findings indicate that, the rate of total knee arthroplasty is increasing steadily from 2008 to 2013 in Hefei City and is higher in women than in men. Risk factors that account for such disparity in total knee arthroplasty utilization need to be further investigated.

ObjectivesTo retrospectively analyze the clinicopathological features of neuroblastoma (NB) and investigate the signiifcance of abnormality ofN-myc and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene copy number change as well asALKmu-tations in NB.Methods Eighty-three NB patients were collected and classiifed into different subgroups according to the clinical stage and histology. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed to detect the abnormalities ofN-mycandALK genes. The extracted DNA was ampliifed by PCR and sequenced to investigate the point mutations of theALK gene. Follow-up data were collected and survival analysis was performed.ResultsFISH detection showed that the aberration ofN-mycgene copy number presented as gain and ampliifcation. The aberration ofALK gene presented as point mutation and gain. It was shown that 17 cases had the abnormality of bothN-myc andALK gene. Survival analysis showed that the prognostic factors included the clinical stage, age and abnormality ofN-myc genes.ConclusionDetection ofN-myc andALK abnormality in NB would be helpful for evaluating the prognosis and providing theoretical basis forALK target therapy.