Objective To investigarte the immune status in the patients with dengue fever .Methods The flow cytometry was used to detect the T lymphocytes in the patients with dengue fever for analyzing their immune status .Results Compared with the reference range in the healthy individuals ,it was found that the T lymphocyte proportion in the patients with dengue fever was sig‐nificantly reduced compared with the healthy individuals .The percentages of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes were (36 .54 ± 9 .78)% and (17 .7 ± 10 .01)% respectively ,which had statistical difference compared with the control group(P<0 .05) ,CD3+CD4+ lymphocyte count was (49 .98 ± 240 .2)cells/μL ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) ,CD3+ CD8+ lympho‐cytes count was (380 .9 ± 364 .6)cells/μL ,the difference was statistically significant(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The immune status in the patients with dengue fever is abnormal ,T lymphocyte percentage is significantly reduced compared with the healthy individuals .

detection of HIV-1 quasispecies in HIV-1 infected populations with low level viral load.

Objective To study the characteristic of chromogranin A(CgA),synaptophysin(SYN) and neuron-specific enolase(NSE) in cortex and medulla of adrenal.Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of CgA,SYN and NSE in routinely processed tissue specimens from human adrenal neoplasm and hyperplasia.Results The expression of CgA was detected in cortex of adrenocortical adenoma,adrenal neoplasm and chromophile tumor,but not in that of hyperplasia and normal adrenal.The expression of NSE was detected in cortex of adrenal cortical hyperplasia,cortical adenomas and pheochromocyte carcinoma,but not in that of pheochromocytoma and normal adrenal.The expression of SYN was detected in cortex of corticohyperplassia,cortical adenomas,medull neoplasm,chromophile tumor and pheochromocyte carcinoma,but not in that of cortical adenocarcinoma and normal adrenal.The expressions of CgA,NSE and SYN were detected in the medulla of all cases.Conclusion The characteristic of CgA,SYN and NSE in cortex and medulla of adrenal are useful in the differential diagnosis of tumor and hyperplasia in the adrenal.The relationship between the adrenal cortex and medulla is close.Besides the classical hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis(HPAA) and rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system(RAAS),the adrenal cortex and medulla have the basis of anatomy and endocrinology.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of V3 loop amino acid sequences of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) quasi-species in long-term non-progressors (LTNP)infected with HIV. Methods End-point limiting dilution polymerase chain reaction (EPLD PCR) was used to amplify the env gene c2-v3-c3 region of single HIV-1 provirus from five LTNPs at sequential time points. The PCR products were then sequenced and the amino acid sequences of V3 loop were analyzed by sequence confirm analysis technology. Results The results showed that there were one to ten kinds of polymorphisms in the V3 region of HIV-1 quasi-species which were found from the serial samples of the five LTNP. However, the sequences of the predominant strains were either completely consistent or at most changed at one or two residues in the serial samples of individual patient. The tetramer compositions of the tip of V3 loop were consistent in each patient. It was GPGR in four patients and GPGK in one patient. It was speculated the co-receptor of HIV-1 was CC chemokine receptor (CCR)-5 based on the amino acids at the residue 11 and residue 25 of V3 loop and the net charge of V3 loop. Conclusions There are various polymorphisms at the HIV V3 loop in LTNP. However, the tetramer composition of the tip part of V3 loop is stable. The LTNP are very likely infected with non-syncytium inducing (NSI) strain.

Objective To identify the pathogens that cause hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in adults and analyze the nucleotide sequences characteristics of enterovirus 71 (EV71). Methods The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was used to detect the enterovirus from the samples of four adult HFMD patients. The 227 bp amplified segments of EVT1 were then sequenced and compared with the sequences of previously isolated EVT1 strains available from GenBank by homogeneity and phylogenetic tree analyses. Results All the results of RT-PCR with enterovirus universal primers and EVT1 specific primers were positive. The EV71 sequences analysis showed that the four new sequences (named as GZ19610, GZ99310, GZ99355 and GZ46477) shared 96.0% to 99.1% nucleotide identify themselves and shared 96.9% to 100.0% homology with the strain Fuyang/17.08/3 isolated in 2008 from Fuyang, Anhui Province. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the genotype of the four new sequences was all subtype C4, they were the same sub-genotype as those strains isolated from Chinese mainland and Chinese Taiwan in 2004, and the genetic distance between them was most closely. Conclusions EV71 can cause adult HFMD. Compared with the nucleotide sequences of EV71 strains that isolated now and formerly in China, there is no large variation of the EV71 sequences isolated from four adult HFMD patients in Guangzhou this time. The adult HFMD patients should be isolated for treatment to avoid them transmitting the virus and causing disease spreading.

Objective:To study the characteristics of chromogranin(CgA),synaptophysin(SYN) and neuron-specific enolase(NSE) in the cortex of adrenal gland.Methods:Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expressions of CgA,SYN and NSE in 56 routinely processed tissue specimens from human adrenal cortical neoplasm and hyperplasia.Results: CgA immunoreactivity was regularly detected in the cortex of adrenal neoplasm,but not in the hyperplasia and normal adrenal gland.The immunoreactive materials appeared in the cytoplasm and in the form of vacuole or grains.Adrenal cortical neoplasm and hyperplasia showed NSE positive cells in the cortex,but not in the normal adrenal gland.SYN positive materials were shown in the cortex of hyperplasia and adrenocorticoadenoma,but not in the adrenocorticoadenocarcinoma and normal adrenal gland.Conclusion: The distributive characteristics of CgA,SYN and NSE in the adrenal cortex help the differential diagnosis of adrenal hyperplasia.The adrenal cortex is closely connected with medulla.Besides the classical hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis(HPAA) and rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system(RAAS),the adrenal cortex and medulla are mutually regulated on the basis of anatomy and endocrinology.

Objective To investigate the relationship between HBV mutations in the precore (PC)/core promoter region and the liver histological changes in HBeAg negative CHB patients. Method A total of 71 HBeAg negative CHB patients with liver biopsy from April 2012 to Dec 2013 were enrolled. DNA was extracted from blood serum, then the HBV S gene and PC/core promoter region were amplified by semi-nested PCR and sequenced. The relationship between significant liver histological changes and viral factors were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis. Results The incidence of significant necroinflammation (15.8% vs. 27.3%, χ2 =1.398, P = 0.237) and significant fibrosis (71.1% vs. 84.4%, χ2= 1.926, P = 0.165) were found to be similar between patients infected with HBV genotype B and genotype C . By Logistic regression analysis including risk factors of age, sex, HBV genotype and mutations (T1753V,A1762T/G1764A,A1846T and G1896A), the A1762T/G1764A mutation in HBV associated with significant necroinflammation (OR = 4.296, P = 0.037), while factors of age, sex, genotype and other mutation were not associated with significant liver histological changes. (all P > 0.05). Conclusion Mutation in PC/core promoter region of HBV may act as a marker to evaluate the liver histological changes.

Objective To detect the change of hepatitis C virus (HCV)RNA in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)and serum of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC)during treatment with peg-interferon α-2a (Peg IFNα-2a)plus ribavirin (RBV),and to analyze the clinical significance of HCV RNA detection in PBMC.Methods The peripheral blood samples of 20 CHC patients who visited Department of Infectious Diseases in Guangzhou No.8 People′s Hospital from June 2013 to December 2014,were collected during treatment with Peg IFNα-2a+RBV at different time points (week 0,2,4, 12,24,36 and 48).Serum and PBMC were separated.Accurate fluorescence quantification assay (Cobas TaqMan real time polymerase chain reaction[PCR])was used to detect HCV RNA level in serum,while real-time PCR and nest-PCR were applied to detect HCV RNA in PBMC.Categorical data were analyzed byχ2 test.Results Accurate fluorescence quantification of serum HCV RNA showed that HCV RNA level decline rapidly after treatment (F = 148.06,P < 0.01 ),and 18 patients achieved HCV RNA undetectable at week 12 of treatment.The positive rate of nest-PCR was higher than real-time PCR (all P <0.01).Comparison of HCV RNA levels in serum and PBMC from 20 cases found that,the clearance rate of HCV RNA in PBMC was postponed.Two patients whose HCV RNA in PBMC kept detectable relapsed at week 24 after end of treatment.Conclusions HCV RNA can be detected in PBMC of CHC patients and the positive rate of nest-PCR is higher than real-time PCR.Antiviral therapy is effective on HCV both inside and outside PBMC,but the clearance rate of HCV RNA in PBMC is postponed compared with that in serum.Slow clearance of HCV in PBMC may be a risk factor for relapse after end of treatment.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of oxymatrine membrane,rhEGF gel respectively com-bined with Yunnan baiyao for postoperative cervical wound after LEEP. METHODS:300 patients with cervical intraepithelial neo-plasia(CIN)Ⅱ and Ⅲ were divided into group A,B,C(100 cases in each group)based on CIN grading and stratification and random sampling in each stratification. After conventional LEEP,patients in group A were cleaned the wound by 0.9% Sodium chloride injection,spraying Yunnan baiyao powder,once only after surgery;patients in group B were additionally given recombi-nant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) on the basis of group A,once every week after surgery,for 3 weeks;patients in group C were additionally given oxymatrine membrane on the basis of group A,1 tablet every evening after surgery,for 2 weeks. Postoperative bleeding,bleeding duration,rebleeding and duration after postoperative bleeding stopped,postoperative drainage du-ration,the incidence of adverse reactions in 3 groups were observed. RESULTS:The patients of postoperative bleeding,bleeding time ≥7 d and rebleeding after stopping bleeding in group B were significantly lower than group A;the incidence of bleeding time ≥7 d in group C was significantly lower than group A,the proporition of postoperative drainage duration for less than 7 d was significantly higher than group A,for 8-13 d was significantly less than group A;early wound healing rate in group B and group C were significantly better than group A,with statistical significances (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in above-mentioned indexes in group B and group C(P>0.05),and there were no obvious adverse reactions in 3 groups. CONCLU-SIONS:Oxymatrine membrane and rhEGF gel respectively combined with Yunnan baiyao have better healing than Yunnan baiyao alone,do not increase the incidence of adverse reactions,while there is no significant difference in oxymatrine membrane and rhEGF gel.

To investigate the safety, feasibility and effectiveness of transrectal high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in the ablation of canine prostate, 20 dogs were divided randomly into 5 groups. Sixteen canine prostates were treated with the third-generation transrectal HIFU device (Sonablate-500). Transrectal ultrasound images of the prostate and prostatic urethra were observed preoperatively and postoperatively. Serial study was performed 30 min, 30 days, 60 days and 180 days after the therapy. The rectum, periprostatic tissues, and prostate were excised en bloc and the tissues were fixed for gross and histological analysis. Our results showed that the average maximal diameter of prostatic urethra was 0.59+/-0.11 cm before the operation and 2.57+/-0.98 cm 60 days after the operation. The volume of prostate was 6.5+/-3.12 cm(3) before the treatment while the volume was 4.13+/-0.23 cm(3) 60 days after the treatment and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Histologically, there was a clear demarcation between the necrotic area of the treated tissues and the unaffected surrounding tissues. All the necrotic tissues in the targeted zone broke off and the prostatic urethra became cavitary 60 days later. The more frequent complications were urinary retention and frequency and hematuria. No rectal injury occurred during the treatment. It is concluded that the third-generation transrectal HIFU is capable of destroying prostatic tissue, substantially increasing the width of the prostatic urethra without causing injury to the adjacent tissues. The risk of postoperative complications associated with HIFU was low. HIFU may become a safe, effective and minimally invasive alternative for the treatment of prostatic diseases.