Objective To analyze the structure of leadership questionnaire for nursing managers.Methods A total of 184 head nurses in Anhui were investigated with the leadership questionnaire for nursing managers.SPSS13.0 and AMOS17.0 software were used to test the reliability and validity.Results The correlations between the items and total scale ranged from 0.431-0.687(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01) and the Cronbach' sα was 0.841.Single factor analysis results indicated that all factor loadings to their items were 0.542-0.782(P＜0.05).The multiple factor analysis results showed that first-order factors model and second-order factors model of leadership for nursing managers fitted well.Conclusion The leadership questionnaire for nursing managers is proved to have good psychometric characteristics and can be used to assess the leadership of nursing managers.

In recent years, problem of postgraduate academic misconduct has become more and more serious and has caused the attention of majority of educators and academics. In this paper , the con-notation of postgraduate academic misconduct was defined based on academic standards and comparison was made between academic misconduct and academic corruption. Meanwhile , this paper pointed out problems existed in the current postgraduate academic ethnic construction and analyzed main causes of academic misconduct. Finally, this paper introduced the success experiences of Chongqing Medical Uni-versity in preventing postgraduate academic misconduct from the aspects of system construction , propa-ganda and education, supervision in postgraduate training process, strict control of graduate thesis,etc.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Shuanghuanglian injection in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD),and to observe its effects on the plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP),procalcitonin(PCT)and interleukin-6(IL-6). METHODS:A total of 100 AECOPD patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 50 cases in each group. Control group received routine treatment,such as controlled oxygen therapy,intravenous dripping of moxifloxacin,bronchodilator for relieving asthma,mucolytic for eliminating phlegm,nu-tritional support. Observation group was additionally given Shuanghuanglian injection 1 ml/(kg·d)added into 5% Glucose injec-tion 250 ml intravenously,qd,on the basis of control group. Treatment course of 2 groups lasted for 10 d. Clinical efficacies of 2 groups were compared as well as the changes of serum levels of CRP,PCT and IL-6 before and after treatment and the occur-rence of ADR. RESULTS:After treatment,total effective rate of observation group was 96.0%,which was significantly higher than 82.0% of control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in se-rum levels of CRP,PCT and IL-6 between 2 groups (P>0.05). After treatment,serum levels of CRP,PCT and IL-6 were de-creased significantly in 2 groups,and those of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group,with statis-tical significance (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups (P>0.05). CON-CLUSIONS:Shuanghuanglian injection can effectively improve serum inflammatory factors of AECOPD patients,and shows good clinical efficacy and safety.

Objective　To explore the development of endogenous CO and its mechanisms in asthma.Methods　50 guinea pigs were equally separated 5 groups.After the models of asthmatic guinea pigs were established in 4 groups,3 groups of them were treated with dexamethasone,the specific stimulator(hemin)and inhibitor(Sn-PP)of HO-1 respectively.The rest of groups were asthmatic one and normal control one(NCG).From all tested animals,the COHb in blood and lung HO-1 activity were examined,the lung tissues were pathologically observed and immunohistochemically stained.Results　In asthmatic and hemin stimulated groups,the levels of COHb with enhanced expression of lung HO-1 and their activity were significantly increased compared with NCG(t=4.43～9.97,P＜0.01).For example,the lung HO-1 activities in asthmatic group were (881±361)pmol/(mg*pro*h),COHb (4.94±2.15)% respectively.In dexamethason prevented and Sn-PP inhibited groups,however,all determined levels were markedly reduced compared with asthmatic group(P＜0.01).Conclusion　The increased HO-1 had resulted in the growth of endogenous CO in asthma.

Objective To investigate the seruln levels of solubl B7-H3(sB7-H3)in patients withbacteremia and in those with chronic hepatitis B(CHB),and its clinical significance.Methods Serumlevels of sB7-H3 from 50 bacteremia patients,78 CHB patients and 50 healthy individuals wero detected byEUSA,and its correlations with the quantities of leucocytes,neutrophils,lymphocytes and monocytes wereanalyzed.Results The average level of sB7-H3 in serum of bacteremia patients was(50.69±26.43)μg/ml which was higher than that of healthy group(P＜0.01);serum sB7-H3 level of patients with CHB was(18.07±7.28)μg/ml,and it had no significant difference compared with that in the healthy group(P＞0.05).Besides,positive correlations between the scrum sB7-H3 level in and the quantities of leucocytesand granulocytes were observed in bacteremia patients.Conclusions It suggests that sB7-H3 misht bepotentially used as a new parameter to improve the clinical diagnosis of bacteremia.

ObjectiveTo investigate hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) levels in the tissue and serum of patients with chronic hepatitis,cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),and analyze the clinical significances of HGF for HCC.MethodSurgical specimens from 97 patients were collected during Dec.2003 to Aug.2008 in the Third Central Hospital.The patients were prospectively enrolled and categorized into four groups:normal subjects ( n =11 ),chronic hepatitis B or C ( n =6＝,cirrhosis ( n =20)and HCC ( n =60 ) including well-differentiated ( n =21 ),moderately differentiated ( n =23 ),poorly differentiated (n =16) specimens.N0 (n =24),N1 (n =21 ),N2 (n =54) and N3 (n =43) were tissues respectively removed from liver at 0,1,2 or 3 cm beyond the margin of tumor.HGF mRNA expression in liver tissues was determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription- (RT)-PCR.Serum HGF levels in the other cases of normal subjects ( n =20),chronic hepatitis B or C ( n =20),cirrhosis ( n =20) and HCC (n =57) were measured by ELISA.The Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test was employed for survival analysis.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors in each group.ResultsThe HGF mRNA in normal subjects,chronic hepatitis,cirrhosis,N3,N2,N1,N0 and HCC were0.99(0.78-1.66),2.15(1.06-3.40),1.78(1.18-2.73),4.59(2.67 -8.63),3.86 ( 2.25 - 6.45 ),3.12 ( 1.59 - 5.74 ),2.92 ( 0.88 - 5.99 ) and 0.48 ( 0.19 - 1.06 ) respectively.The serum concentration of HGF in the normal subjects,chronic hepatitis,cirrhosis and HCC patients were (0.31 ± 0.05 ),(0.65 ± 0.07 ),( 1.27 ± 0.30 ) and ( 2.06 ± 0.66) μg/L respectively.The highest level of HGF mRNA was found in N3,while the HGF mRNA expression in HCC was [ (2.14 ± 0.52 ) μg/L] lower than that not only in the non-tumor tissues,but also in the normal control ( U =196.50,P =0.03 ).The serum concentration of HGF was significantly higher in patients with chronic hepatitis,cirrhosis or HCC than in normal subjects.The serum HGF level of HCC was bounced after hepatectomy (t =2.70,P ＜0.01 ).On the logistic regression analysis,the tumor numbers and Child-pugh were related with the levels of the tissue HGF mRNA and serum HGF of HCC,OR were0.15 (95％CI:0.03-0.72,P＜0.05) and0.13 (95％CI:0.27 -0.89,P ＜0.05 ),respectively.Univariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model in the complication groups revealed that the levels of the tissue HGF mRNA and serum HGF were significant risk factors of death for HCC,OR were 0.02 (95％ CI:0.00 - 0.52,P ＜ 0.05 ) and 10.01 (95％ CI:1.16 -86.23,P ＜ 0.05 ),respectively.On the Log-rank analysis,no statistically difference in the cumulative survival was found between the two groups categorized by median (0.49) of tissue HGF mRNA 2 - AACT (X2 =0.13,P =0.72).While the HCC patients were dichotomized by their the median(0.69 μg/L) of serum HGF concentration,the death risk for the patients with higher levels of HGF was increased 2.84 fold than those with lower levels (95％ CI:1.03 - 7.92,P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionHGF mRNA expression is decreased in tumor tissues,while its level in tumor adjacent live and serum is significantly elevated and is in association with shortened postoperative survival of HCC patients.

Objective To evaluate the application value of inhibitor enhanced modified carbapenemase inactivation method (imCIM) in the detection of class B carbapenemase.The differences between imCIM and EDTA disc potentiation test (EDPT) were comparatively analyzed.Methods A total of 181 strains of carbapenem insensitive strains were collected,among which there were 44 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae,44 strains of Escherichia coli,43 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii and 50 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The 83 strains of carbapenem-sensitive strains were composed of 25 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae,16 strains of Escherichia coli,25 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii and 17 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The class B carbapenemase in the 264 strains of pathogenic bacteria was screened by imCIM and EDPT,and PCR results were used as gold standard.The statistical analysis wasperformed with consistency check,related-sample Wilcoxon signed rank sum test,independent samples Kruskal-Wallis H test and ROC curve.Results Among the 181 strains of carbapenem insensitive strains,PCR results of 144 strains were positive for drug resistance gene.The samples of class A,B and D of carbapenemase were 39,77 and 28 strains respectively.The results of imCIM showed that 70 strains were positive,and the other 111 strains were negative.The imCIM results of 166 strains were consistent with those of PCR.The results of EDPT showed that 72 strains were positive,and the other 109 strains were negative.The EDPT results of 134 strains were consistent with those of PCR.The results of PCR,EDPT and imCIM of 83 carbapenem sensitive strains were negative.The sensitivity and specificity of imCIM were 85.71％ (66/77) and 97.86％ (183/187),and the value of Kappa was 0.859.The sensitivity and specificity of EDPT were 66.23 ％ (51/77) and 88.77 ％ (166/187),and the value of Kappa was 0.561.The difference of inhibition zone of imCIM (AdimCIM) was different from EDPT(AdEDPr) and the difference was statistically significant (Z =-6.941,P ＜ 0.05).In the imCIM detection,the AdimciM level of class B carbapenemase showed different population distribution position from class A and D carbapenemase with the statistically significant difference (x2 =108.887,P ＜ 0.05).The areas under the ROC curve of imCIM and EDPTwere 0.988 (95％CI:0.977 to0.999) and0.936 (95％CI:0.909 to0.963),respectively.Conclusion imCIM should be accurate,efficient and convenient for screening of carbapenem phenotype for its high sensitivity and specificity,and suitable for epidemiological monitoring.

Objective To systematially observe the different patterns and leves of military stress on modified multitle-platform method the level of stress-related hormones in rats .Methods A sleep deprivation model was established by water environment modified multiple-platform method(MMPM).A restraint stress model was established by self-made bondage cage.Chronic unpredictable mild stress ( CUMS) model was established by action control , cage damp, cage tilt, night lightening, water and food fasting , empty bottles stimulation and group feeding methods .Cortisol, catecholamines and 5-HT levels were detected to observe the different military stress loads and modes on the level of stress hormones .Results The level of serum cortisol increased significantly ( P <0.05 ) after 5 days of sleep deprivation .The level of serum catecholamines increased significantly (P<0.05) after 1 day of sleep deprivation.The cortisol concentration increased and the level of 5-HT decreased in serum after 4 weeks CUMS.The level of catecholamines increased significantly (P<0.05) after 2-8 weeks of CUMS, increased significantly (P<0.05) after 1 week of restraint stress , and returned to normal after 3-4 weeks of restraint stress .The level of serum cortisol increased significantly after 3 -4 weeks of restraint stress . Conclusion Cortisol levels gradually increased with the level of stress in different military stress modes , which can serve as an index to evaluate the level of different stress modes .

Objective To investigate the feasibility of modified rapid Carba NP test for the detection of carbapenemase,and analyze the differences between the modified method and Carba NP test.Methods A total of 264 strains of gram-negative bacillus,including 164 carbapenem-resistant strains and 100 sensitive strains,were collected,and their carbapenemase were detected by Carba NP test and the modified rapid Carba NP test,respectively.The differences between the two tests were evaluated based on PCR as a reference.Results Among 164 carbapenem-resistant strains,carbapenemase gene was detected in 144 strains by PCR.The carbapenemase gene was negative in 100 sensitive strains.Among 164 carbapenem-resistant strains,135 were positive for the Carba NP test,while 130 for the modified rapid Carba NP test.One hundred of sensitive strains were negative for the two Carba NP tests.Compared with the results of PCR,the sensitivity,specificity and Kappa value of the Carba NP test were 91.7％ (132/144),97.5％ (117/120) and 0.886,respectively,while those of the modified rapid Carba NP test were 89.6％ (129/144),99.2％ (119/120) and 0.879,respectively.There was no significant difference in the positive rates between Carba NP test and the modified rapid Carba NP test (x2 =1.45,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The modified rapid Carba NP test which has high consistency with the PCR method,is faster and cheaper than the Carba NP test,and may be applied to epidemiologic survey and the early monitoring of nosocomial infections.

Ten cell strains were obtained from the human gastric cancer cell line BGC-823 by using the method of single cell cloning. Through inoculation of these cell strains in nude mice and subsequent observation of their metastatic capability, four cell lines, C_1, C_6 with high, and C_5, C_8 with low metastatic capability were selected out; and their biological and morphological properties were studied. It was demonstrated that all of them did not show apparent difference in growth ability, but morphologically, the mictovilli of C_5 and C_8 cells were scarce and short; and their microfilaments were thick, straight and well organized. Whereas the microvilli of C_1 and C_6 strains were long and abundant comparatively, but their microfilaments were poorly organized. On the basis of present observation,we suggested that the organization of microfilaments in cancer cells appeared to bear reversed relationship with their metastatic capability.