OBJECTIVE: Polyurethane (PU) and silicon rubber have good biocompatibility, excellent mechanical properties, easy processing and controlled properties, etc. Therefore, their researches exhibit an important significance in the designs of the medical appliance and body apparatus.DATA SOURCES: The computer respectively indexed the database articles of abroad El, SCI, CA, Science Direct (Elsevier) and Chinese periodical full text from January 1995 to May 2006, the indexed words were "Silicon rubber, polyurethane, medical materials", the article language category was limited respectively in English and Chinese.STUDY SELECTION: The relevant articles (full text) that meet the study were selected by the first trial. Inclusion criteria: ① Related to silicon rubber and polyurethane. ② The medical rubber apparatus and body organ design. Exclusion criteria: The repetitive studies.DATA EXTRACTION: Collect totally 122 relevant articles that use the medicinal rubber materials, and expel the repetitive or similar research,therefore 16 articles meeting the request.DATA SYNTHESIS: ① Medicinal gum, hose and other products: The medical stopper used for sealing is requested to have the flexibility,resistant to cold, water, oil and disinfectant, and pinprick can still keep the original closeness and gastightness, etc. ② The abroad body organs: The material of repairing fracture, skull, meninges, bridge, auricle, mandible,windpipe, tear bolt, lung membrane, heart valve, stomach, intestine,peritoneum, penis, knuckle, muscle, knee membrane, skin and breast. ③ The research and expectation of the medicinal silicon rubber and polyurethane offer more medicinal apparatus and body organ.CONCLUSION: The study of the medicinal silicon rubber and polyurethane make people design and produce more cheap artificial organ and medicinal apparatus. More materials were applied to the clinic, so that satisfy the demand of many patients.

Objective To study the effect of bcl-2 antisense oligodexynucleotides on the apoptosis in human small-cell lung cancer cell line NCI-H69. Methods Cultured cells were divided into 4 groups: antisense oligodexynucleotides(ASODN), sense oligodexynucleotides (SODN), nonsense oligodexynucleotides (NSODN) and control.The different bcl-2 oligodexynucleotides was transfected into corresponding cells using oligofectamine.The expression of bcl-2 was examined by Western blot.The apoptosis rates were measured by flow cytometry (FCM).Results The bcl-2 expression in ASODN group was significantly inhibited compared to the control group, SODN and NSODN groups, but it was not obviously inhibited in SODN and NSODN groups.The apoptosis rate of ASODN group in different concentration was (9.97±1.54) %, (15.28±1.73) % and (21.41±1.85) % respectively, it was significantly higher than that of the control group (F = 7.19-15.48,q = 5.21-7.98, P ＜0.01). Conclusion The bcl-2 ASODN could enhance cell apoptosis rate in small-cell lung cancer by blocking bcl-2 gene effectively.

As the third-generation bisphosphonate,zoledronic acid (ZOL) has been widely used for the treatment of skeletal-related events in breast cancer.Previous studies have demonstrated that ZOL has antitumor activitie in breast cancer.ZOL can induce direct and indirect antitumor activities through inducing apoptosis,inhibiting the proliferation,adhesion and invasion formation of bone microenvironment which is conducive to tumor growth,besides inhibiting angiogensis and modulating immune response.Also evidences of synergistic antitumor effects are found when ZOL combines with radiotherapy and chemotherapy,endocrine,and targeted drugs.The observed improvement in antitumor effects by using combination therapy with ZOL in breast cancer is currently being verified through additional clinical trials.

A new minimally invasive gallbladder-preserving operation has emerged for the treatment of gallbladder stones,but fundamentally it is a replica of the previous gallbladder preservation method.The gallbladder aids in digestion but is not essential for life.Its function should not be exaggerated and should not instigate trivial reasons for its preservation.Most patients undergoing cholecystectomy maintain a good quality of life.The causes,mechanisms,and prevention of gallstone formation remains mysterious,so a high recurrence rate after gallbladder-preserving operation is difficult to avoid.A full cholecystectomy can avoid recurrence complications and the benefits outweigh the risks.A discussion of the benefits and complications must be initiated to evaluate both treatment modalities for gallstones.

Objective To evaluate the MRA by measuring the diameter of the stenosis artery and the contralateral normal vertebral artery with unilateral stenosis. Methods Seventeen-six patients were divided into normal group and vertebral arterial type of cervical spondylosis group.Among 26 vertebral arterial type of cervical spondylosis cases,13 cases appeared as vertebral arterial type with unilateral stenosis of ≤1.6 mm in diameter .Statistics assessment of MRA in stenosis and contralateral artery was engaged. Results The unilateral artery stenosis diameter measured

Objective To introduce experiences with non-elongated cheiloplasty and rectangular mucomuscular complex flaps of double vermilion for repairing bilateral cleft lips. Methods 29 patients (20 males and 9 females) with bilateral cleft lips underwent operations of non-elongated cheiloplasty and rectangular mucomuscular complex flaps of double vermilion. There were 15 bilateral complete cleft lips, 11 bilateral incomplete cleft lips and 3 bilateral mixed cleft lips. The deformity of white lips was reconstructed with traditional non-elongated cheiloplasty. When repairing the vermilion, the rectangular mucomuscular complex flaps which included mucous membrane of vermilion and part of orbicularis oris in double vermilion were designed, and vermilion of fore lip was incised along boundary of wet lip and dry lip. Then rectangular mucomuscular complex flaps of double vermilion were rotated downward and inward to be sewn with fore lip. At the step, the end of orbicularis otis should be sewn widely and fitly in order to form a normal annular structure. Results The wounds of all the patients were healed at one stage. The height and width of patients' upper lips were proper and the center tubercles of the upper lips were obvious. No whistling deformity appeared. Conclusion The method for repairing bilateral cleft lips is simple and reliable. Less tissues could be excised and the satisfactory form and function of nose and lip could be achieved. It is worthy to be applied in clinical practice.

BACKGROUND: The reason for the short of cornea donator is the olden donating conception or the limit knowledge of cornea transplantation remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To explore the awareness level of the medical staff to corneal transplantation and corneal donation. METHODS: The study consisted of 820 medical staff from different departments of 5 hospitals, including doctor, nurse, technician, and administrator. Awareness level was evaluated with an interviewer-study. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 805 interviewer-studies were effect. The correct answer fill rate in department of ophthalmology was higher than other departments. Different measures should be taken to teach the medical staff to improve the awareness level of the transplantation and corneal donation.

OBJECTIVE: Chengde is a city with many corneal blindness patients In north China. Lacking of corneas donation is the main reason which prevents corneal transplantation. Survey was made by questionnaire in Chengde to evaluate the current situation and the influential factors of corneal donation.METHODS: Survey was made in 3 200 Chengde residents aged 18 years or older, includes outpatients and inpatients of ophthalmology, some undergraduate students and people met accidentally in park, supermarket, station and centre for elders.48.6% are male and 51.4% are female. Self-made questionnaire includes general state, questions about cornea donation and factors influencing cornea donation.RESULTS: Among 3 200 questionnaires, 2 971 were valid. The effective rate was 92.84%. Over 50% people support donating cornea. More than 40% people intend to donate their corneas and support their relatives to donate. Among the factors for not intending to donate cornea, lacking knowledge of cornea donation was the main reason accounting for 42.81%, and worrying about the misusage of donating cornea without corresponding law became the second factor, which accounting for 21.07%. It has no influence on the consciousness of cornea donation by the difference of sex and location between city and countryside.Whereasfession and level of education indeed influence the consciousness of cornea donation, which of the people from 18 to 40 years old was greater than those of over 40, medical workers was greater than those from other fields, the people graduating from secondary specialized school or higher was greater than those graduating under secondary specialized school.CONCLUSION: People in Chengde have a positive attitude towards cornea donation. It is very necessary to enhance the education of cornea donation, establish an easy and smooth way for donation may promote cornea donating. Consummate legislation is also needed for cornea donation.

Objective To compare the clinical effect of whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) for brain metastases from lung adenocarcinoma between patients with and without epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for 89 patients with brain metastases from lung adenocarcinoma who were treated in our hospital from August 2010 to May 2015.EGFR testing was performed in all patients.WBRT (6-MV external X-ray beam) was performed at 30 Gy in 10 fractions or 40 Gy in 20 fractions;for patients with ≤3 brain metastases, simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy was performed at 40-45 Gy in 10 fractions or 50-60 Gy in 20 fractions.The response rate, intracranial progression-free survival (IPFS), and overall survival (OS) were compared between patients with EGFR mutations and patients with wild-type EGFR.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate IPFS and OS, the log-rank test was used for survival difference analysis and univariate prognostic analysis, and the Cox model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis.Results For these 89 patients, the overall response rate was 62%, the median IPFS was 7.0 months (95%CI:6.060-7.940), and the median OS was 12.0 months (95%CI:9.539-14.465).The univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the response rate was associated with Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score and EGFR mutation status (P=0.009 and 0.035);KPS score and EGFR mutation status were significant prognostic factors for IPFS (P=0.048 and 0.000);KPS score and primary tumor control were significant prognostic factors for OS (P=0.000 and 0.031).Conclusions After WBRT for brain metastases from lung adenocarcinoma, the patients with EGFR mutations have a higher response rate and a longer IPFS compared with those with wild-type EGFR, but there is no significant in OS between the two groups of patients.

Objective To prolong the working time of the crew under a high temperature and high humidity environment in armored vehicles , improve work efficiency , and to prevent excessive heat load from doing any harm to the human body . Methods The man-machine environment was analyzed , the corresponding environment and the conditions aboard were further quantitatively studied , and man-machine-environment interactions were analyzed .Also,a questionnaire survey was conducted at the same time .Results and Conclusion The thermal equilibrium and thermal comfort calculation program were compiled and validated through the questionnaire survey in order to provide support for environment assessment and protection design .