After a description of the basic situation of medical literature retrieval course for foreign undergraduates studying in Sun Yat-sen University, the problems in their teaching contents and teaching methods were pointed out with measures proposed for improving the teaching of their medical literature retrieval course.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the susceptible factors and the methods of prevention and treatment of nosocomial deep fungal infection in intensive care unit(ICU).METHODS The clinical information of 798 patients in ICU was investigated from Jul 2005 to Jun 2007.The risk factors,species,drug-resistance and the methods of prevention of fungal infection were analyzed.RESULTS Fungal infections were found in 137 cases(17.2%).The lower respiratory tract accounted for 72.3% in 137 cases with fungal infection.A total of 180 strains of fungi were isolated,Candida albicans,C.tropicalis and C.glabrata accounted for 43.3%,25.6% and 23.3%.The resistance characteristics to fluconazole,itraconazole,5-fluorocytosine and amphotericin B were relatively weak.The factors related to nosocomial fungal infection were the severity of the underlying disease,long-term use of antibiotics and glucocorticoid and invasive procedure.CONCLUSIONS Proper use of antibiotics and immuno-depressor,reduction of unnecessary operation and early diagnosis are the keys in prevention of systemic fungal infection.

After a description of the new connotations of information literacy education in medical undergraduates in the era of omnimedica such as visual information literacy education, media information literacy education and mobile information literacy education, new strategies were proposed for the information literacy education in medical undergraduates in the era of omnimedia, including updating teaching model, adding education contents, and improving omnimedia presentation ability.

Objective To explore the effect of applying Case-based study (CBS) in combina-tion with Reference-induced self education (RISE) in clinical teaching of Digestive endoscope diag-nostics. Method One hundred and twenty undergraduates in Grade 2012 of clinical imaging speciality of Beihua University were selected as the objects of study and classified at random into experiment group (60 students) and control group (60 students), In the course of teaching, the traditional LBL study and CBS-RISE study were separately employed, and examined through theoretical assessment in combination with case analysis, and the teaching effect in experiment group students was also evaluated through examination paper. SPSS 16.0 statistic soft ware was employed for data treatment and analysis, t test was used for quantity data and expressed as x±s, and x2 test for number counting data, and P<0.05 as the statistical significant difference. Results In experiment group, the total result, and the results of theoretical examination and case analysis were all superior to the control group, and the dif-ference between two groups exhibited statistical significance (P values respectively 0.008, 0.017 and 0.021). The excellent and good rate of the experimental group's theory examination score was 70%, which was higher than that of the control group (48.3%). The excellent and good rate of the experimen-tal group in the case analysis of examination results was 63.3%, higher than that of the control group (43.3%), and the difference was statistically significant (P values respectively 0.016 and 0.028). The students in experimental group showed better degree of satisfaction to the teaching model of CBS-RISE. In general, they considered that the CBS-RISE model could stimulate the learning interest of students, enhance the ability of analyzing and solving problems, deepen the understanding of knowl-edge, train a better clinical thinking model, and also develop a cooperative group idea. Conclusions CBS-RISE teaching model is feasible in the application of teaching in digestive endoscope diagnostics, and beneficial to the training of self learning ability and clinical consideration, deserving populariza-tion.

After a description of the application of education game in literature retrieval teaching and the practical activities of information literacy education game in our library, suggestions were put forward for the problems that need to be concerned in performing information literacy education game, namely pursuing the benefits and avoi-ding the hazards, making entertainment a medium of education, rational application of small game in classroom teaching, taking immediate action, and leaving it undone as it is small.

OBJECTIVE:To understand the prophylactic antibiotics use in general surgeries performed in the hospital where the authors work.METHODS:500copies of discharge record of common surgical cases written between Jul.2005and Feb.2006were checked randomly,and the questionnaires about the general data and medication of the patients were filled out.Then the collected data were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:The prophylactic drug use rate in TypeⅠincision operations reached up to98.8%,of which58.5%cases lacked clear indications of medication.The high rate of prophylactic drug use,improper time of drug use,and the prolonged continuous drug use were among the problems that existed in TypeⅠand TypeⅡincision operation.CONCLUSION:There remain many problems in the use of prophylactic antibiotics in the general surgeries performed in our hospital,which requires the strengthening of standardized administration of prophylactic antibiotic use.

OBJECTIVE To study the current infection control issues and discuss protocols of nosocomial infection management. METHODS Based on the characteristics and progresses of domestic and international nosocomial infection management,we analyzed the existing problems and countermeasures of some key issues. RESULTS Enhancing nosocomial infection objective-surveillance,the personnel construction,information technology,etc are the chief methods to improve the quality of nosocomial infection control. CONCLUSIONS Adopting some new measures to strengthen the nosocomial infection management is essential and important to the security of medical treatment.

OBJECTIVE To understand mecA gene distribution in Staphylococcus aureus and its role in antibiotics-resistance.METHODS In this study,a total of 47 S.aureus strains were isolated from hospitalized patients.Agar disk diffusion test was conducted to determine the resistance of S.aureus to antibiotics.The DNA of these strains were extracted and purified.The mecA gene was tested by PCR and the relation between the mecA gene and antibiotics-resistance was analyzed.RESULTS Of 47 strains,33(70.2%) were MRSA.Of 33 MRSA,only 3 strains were susceptible to glycopeptides antibiotics.Only 2 strains(14.3%) of 14 MSSA were susceptible to all of the 12 antibotics.The results of PCR revealed that 32 out of 33 MRSA(97.0%) carried mecA in their genome.One strain was mecA gene negative.Among 14 MSSA,3(21.4%)strains carried mecA gene.CONCLUSIONS The isolation rate of MRSA in S.aureus is high.The resistance to antibiotics of MRSA is popular Glycopeptides antibiotics.Most of MRSA carry mecA gene,which plays an important role in antibiotics-resistance.Fewer MSSA carry mecA gene.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of combined treatment for spontaneous intraventricular hemorrhage. Methods 26 patients with spontaneous intraventricular hemorrhage were conducted on the whole turn of low lateral drainage of bilateral urokinase infusion therapy, supplemented by lumbar puncture cerebrospinal fluid replacement. Results The total effective rate was 84.62% ,mortality rate was 15. 38%. Conclusion Bilateral lateral drainage of alternating low urokinase infusion,supplemented by lumbar puncture cerebrospinal fluid replacement was effective in treatment of spontaneous intraventricular hemorrhage. It could reduce mortality in patients with intraventricular hemorrhage and increase the patients' prognosis.

Objective To explore if Ulinastai reverses hepatofibrosis in rats.Method Rat hepatofibrosis models were induced by TAA subcutaneously injection.18 rats with hepatofibrosis were divided into 2 groups,Ulinastai treatment group (9 rats),normal saline control group (9 rats).AST,ALT,HA,SOD,MDA,LN level were measured and compared between the 2 groups and that of healthy rats (3 rats).Rats liver morphology was observed using HE,Masson stain and type-B ultrasonic.TGF-β1、caspase-3 were detected by immunohistochemistry.Result After 3 weeks Ulinastai treatment,elastic index and SSS score in Ulinastai group decreased significantly compared to pretreatment (t =2.472,P ＜0.05).ALT,AST,SOD,MDA,HA and LN level significantly improved (F =3.862,5.774,3.442,4.157,4.173,3.674,P ＜ 0.05).Compared with NS treatment group HE and Masson staining showed fewer inflammatory cells infiltration in central vein,ballooning degeneration of liver cells,collagen proliferated,hepatic lobules degradation and pseudolobule arise after 3 weeks intervenion.Also in Ulinastai group,TGF-β1、caspase-3 positive cells were much less than that in NS treatment group.Conclusions Ulinastai can reverse rat hepatic fibrosis and alleviate fibrosis degree and collagen fiber deposit.