To investigate chemical constituents from Radix Pittospori, chloroform extract of the roots was subjected to column chromatography with various chromatographic techniques. The structures were elucidated on the basis of physico-chemical property and spectral analysis. Two triterpenoids were identified as 22-acetyl-21-(2-acetoxy-2-methylbutanoyl)-R1-barrigenol(1) and 3alpha-hydroxyl-20-demethylisoaleuritolic-14(15)-ene-28, 30-dioic acid (2). Compound 1 is a new triterpene and compound 2 is isolated from this plant for the first time.

OBJECTIVE:To study the status quo of drug use in the elder hospitalized patients(over 65 years old)and their demand for drugs.METHODS:The drugs used in the 12 614 elder hospitalized patients(over 65 years old)between July,2005 and June,2006 were statistically analyzed.RESULTS:The drugs used in elder hospitalized patients totaled 1 347 kinds,which were mainly administered orally or by injection.The consumption sum of injection accounted for 85.81% of the total.The most common diseases in the elder hospitalized patients were tumor diseases,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,and which were more often seen in males than in females.CONCLUSION:The drugs used for the elder hospitalized patients were many in kinds.The expenses of injection showed a highest proportion in the total drug costs.Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases and tumor diseases are main diseases that threat health of aged people.

Objective: To establish the qualitative and quantitative standards for Yejuhua Granules (Flos Chrysanthemi Indici). Methods: The identification was carried out by TLC. Chlorogenic acid in preparation was determined by HPLC. The HPLC conditions were:Hypersil column (4.6nm?250 nm 5?L), mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.04% phosphoric acid solution (13∶87). Results: TLC method for the identification of Yejuhua Granules was specific. HPLC for the determination of chlorogenic acid in preparation was simple and quick, accurate and reliable. Conclusion: These methods can be used for the quality control of Yejuhua Granules.

Objective:To assess the level of phrases and sentences development of health toddlers in urban Beijing and to identify the characteristics of toddlers' grammar. Methods:This is a quantitative Cross-sectional Study. Using Chinese Communicative Development Inventory mandarin version (CCDI), a questionnaire survey was conducted among the parents or care givers of 1056 toddlers(16~30months), randomly stratified selected in two urban districts of Beijing. Results:The scores of phrases and sentences development both in girls and boys increase very quickly like a line. Toddlers of 16 months can speak five kinds of phrases and sentences, toddlers of 24 months can speak sixty seven kinds, toddlers of 30 months can speak ninety one kinds, which account for 90% of the whole phrases and sentences scores of the inventory. The younger the toddlers are and the bigger the differences of the score of phrases and sentences between the individuals are. Conclusion:The stages of age before 23 months in girls and before 25 months in boys are key and quick ones of toddlers' phrases and sentences develop. The phrases and sentences development of toddlers shows bigger differences between individuals.

Objective To investigate the effects of triptolide (TP) on proliferation and apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia cell line MV411 with FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD), and its effect on PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway. Methods MTT assay was used to detect the proliferation inhibition of MV411 cell proliferation treated by different concentrations of TP in 24, 48 and 72 h. Flow cytometry was used to measure the cell apoptosis rate at 48 and 72 h. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of FLT3, PTEN, PI3K, Akt, mTOR mRNA on PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway. Results After treated by 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 nmol/L TP in 24, 48 and 72 h, the viability of MV411 cells was inhibited in a time-dose dependence manner. MV411 cells was treated by 0, 10, and 20 nmol/L TP after 48 and 72 h, the cell apoptosis rates were rising with the increasing of drug concentration, there were statistical significances [48 h:(3.30±0.20) %, (17.10±0.36) %, (35.67±0.61) %, 72 h: (7.37±0.32) %, (49.33± 0.40)%, (68.92±0.11)%, all P=0.000]. The expressions of FLT3, PI3K, Akt, and mTOR mRNA were down-regulated and PTEN mRNA expression was up-regulated by TP. Conclusion TP may inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of MV411 cells by affecting the expression of PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway related genes.

The knock out vector pHK was constructed with E coli vector pET 28a and shuttle vector pHY300PL, by using denatured DNA and homologous recombination technique, the kanamycin resistance gene ( Kan r) from integrated alkaline protease gene engineering strain BP071 was knocked out successfully, and the 11 positive clones were obtained The yield of the best positive clone BP0715 was stable as same as BP071 The methods provided the good experience for the industrial microbiology research, and it was foundation for studying on the safety of genetically modified organisms

Objective To study the expression of VEGF isoforms, COX-2 in esophageal cancer Methods VEGF, COX-2 mRNA expression in 40 paired samples (tumor and adjacent normal tissue) were determined by using real time RT-PCR. Results VEGF165 was overexpressed in 25 of 40(62.5 %) tumor tissues compared with in 6 of 40 (15 %) adjacent normal tissue; COX-2 was overexpressed in 28 of 40(70 %) tumor tissues compared with in 5 of 40(12.5 %) adjacent normal tissue. Conclusion This result suggests that VEGF165 and COX-2 overexpression in esophageal cancer.

The gene of beta-glucuronidase from Thermotoga maritima was cloned into the plasmid pHsh, and expressed in Escherichia coli JM109. The recombinant protein was purified to homogeneity by a simple step, heat treatment. The recombinant enzyme had a molecular mass of 65.9 kD. The optimal activity of beta-glucuronidase was found at pH 5.0 and 80 degrees C. The purified enzyme was stable over a pH range from 5.8 to 8.2 and had a half life of 2 h at 80 degrees C. The kinetic experiments at 80 degrees C with p-nitrophenyl-beta- glucuronide as substrate gave a K(m) and V(max) of 0.18 mmol/L and 312 u per mg of protein. The purified enzyme could transform glycyrrhizin to glycyrrhetinic acid.
Cloning, Molecular ; Enzyme Stability ; Escherichia coli ; enzymology ; genetics ; Glucuronidase ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Glycyrrhetinic Acid ; metabolism ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; metabolism ; Hot Temperature ; Kinetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Thermotoga maritima ; enzymology ; genetics

Objective To review the clinical characteristics and treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children. Methods The clinical data of 103 children with T1DM admitted to our hospital from Februry 2002 to August 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Thirty one cases with diabetic ketoacidosis (KDA) were treated with continuous insulin pump (group A) or basal-bolus insulin therapy (group B). The differences in blood glucose control time, the rate of hypoglycemic episodes, glucose fluctuation, fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2 hPBG), insulin dosage, the time of urine acetone bodies disappear and length of stay were compared in two groups. Results The age of 103 children with T1DM was from 38 d to 15. 33 y with an average of (8 ±3) y; most of them was 7 - 10 y (47, 45.6% ). Seventy eight children were first diagnosed accounting for 75.7%; boys accounted for 55.3% of total. Fifty one cases (49.5%) were diagnosed in winter and spring and 67 (65.2%) had infections, most of them were respiratory tract and gastrointestinal infections. Sixty two cases (60. 2% )presented as diabetic ketoacidosis at the first onset, including 4 cases (3.9%) with cerebral edema. Some patients were complicated by Hashimoto's thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, SLE and other autoimmune diseases.Among 31 cases with ketoacidosis the FBG and PBG were decreased significantly after treatment, there were no significant differences between two groups (P ＞ 0. 05 ). Compared to group B the correction time of DKA and urine acetone bodies was shorter, and reached the targeted glucose levels more quickly, the frequency of blood fluctuation and the hypoglycemia was significantly lower, the length of stay was shorter, and the daily dose of insulin was lower in group A; the differences between two groups were statistically significant ( P ＜0. 05 or P ＜0. 01 ). Conclusions The clinical symptoms at first onset of T1 DM in children are not typical,and likely to be combined with DKA; infection may be one of the inducing factors for DKA. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion with pump can control the blood glucose more effectively and equably, and are convenient for use by children; so it is a better treatment option for type 1 diabetes mellitus in children.

Objective To apply 3C3R model in problem design of PBL for pediatrics teaching.Methods The 3C3R model comprises two classes of components:core components and processing components.Core components of the model are 3C,which are content,context and connection while processing components are 3R,which are researching,reasoning and reflecting.3C3R model was used in the problem design for the PBL case of ‘ Why the mouth of Baobao became purple when he was crying?' Totally 76 eight-year program medical students and 7 tutors were enrolled as teaching object.The anonymous questionnaires from the students were collected for assessment of PBL teaching.Results The percentage of students with scores ≥4 for content in PLB problem design was 90.8％,for context was 80.3％,for connection was 64.5％,for researching was 81.6％,for reasoning was 69.7％ and for reflecting was 40.8％.The percentage of tutors with scores ≥4 for content in PLB problem design was 100％,for context was 71.4％,for connection was 28.6％,for researching was 71.4％,for reasoning was100％,for reflecting was57.1％.Both students and tutors held a positive attitude towards the component of content,context,researching and reasoning in problem design model.But the components of connection and reflection needed to be improved.Conclusion The 3C3R model is helpful for problem design of PBL in pediatric teaching.