Objective To discuss effect and nursing process of endoscopic biliary stent implantation for treatment of patients with malignant biliary obstruction.Methods To evaluate efficiency of the operation and to observe nursing situation of 47 cases treated by the way of endoscopic biliary stent implantation in our hospital.Results In 47 patients,31 patients used EMBE,16 patients were given ERBD,the total rate of treatment efficiency reached 100％.Positive and effective nursing measures were given to two groups during operation period,which ensured the smooth process and increase the success rate of operation.Conclusions Endoscopic biliary stent placement for malignant biliary obstruction has gradually become an effective substitution of normal operations.And active and reasonable nursing can increase the success rate of operation and decrease postoperative complications.

Objective To investigate the requirement status and effect of relevant knowledge education in patients undergoing painless colonoscopy examination. Methods 230 cases of patients undergoing painless colonoscopy were chosen.The requirement status of relevant knowledge of painless colonoscopy examination was taken for investigation.The patients were randomly divided into the control group (90 cases) and the observation group( 140 cases).The control group was given basic nursing of painless bowel endoscopy and passively answering the questions raised by patients.The observation group was given active,systematic and designed knowledge education and psychological support for patients and their families on the basis of the control group.The knowledge level,coordination degree with examination and satisfaction degree of patients with painless colonoscopy were taken for statistics. Results The patients and their families were most concerned about security of painless colonoscopy,followed by instruction and compliance points before and after the examination,and the knowledge of anesthesia was rarely concerned about.The related knowledge of painless colonoscopy for the two groups of patients before the examination improved significantly than that after newly diagnosed,but the observation group was better than the control group.The compliance and inspection time in the observation group were significantly better than the control group.The satisfaction degree of patients and their families in the observation group were significantly higher than the control group. Conclusions The security for painless colonoscopy and instruction and compliance points before and after the examination were urgently needed by patients.Systematic knowledge education has pivotal significance in ensuring examination quality,improving satisfaction degree of patients,which is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To investigate the clinical application of suspended red blood cells in Liuzhou,in order to make the transfusion of blood components more reasonable and safer.Methods Retrospective data were collected from 226 patients,who had received the transfusion of 980 units of suspended red blood cells between 2000 and 2006.Results Suspended red blood cells could be used widely to different kinds of patients,and most patients benefit from the treatment.The transfusion of leuko-reduced RBC was even more effective.The age,gender,category of disease,disease severity,hemoglobin level and the amount of transfusion were the key points that affect the therapeutic effect of transfusion.Traumatic hemorrhage was another important factor.Unreasonable clinical transfusion still exists.Conclusion Transfusion of suspended red blood cells is an effective treatment.But when and how to transfuse depend on individual cases.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects and safety of beraprost sodium on vascular endothelial dysfunction in elderly patients with lower extremity arteriosclerotic occlusive disease (LEAOD).Methods A total of 80 patients with LEAOD were randomly divided into 2 groups:the treatment group and the control group (n=40 each group).All patients were treated with conventional antihypertensive,antidiabetic,hypolipidemic,antiplatelet drug therapy and non-drug therapy such as smoking cessation,foot care.In addition,patients in the treatment group received 40 μg oral beraprost sodium at a dose of 120 μg/day,3 times/day for 30 days.The changes in symptoms,vital signs,the function of liver and kidney,hemorheology,and serum nitric oxide (NO)were observed before and after the treatment.Results No adverse reactions happened among all patients.After 30 days treatment,there was a significant difference in the total efficacy between the treatment and control groups (80％ vs.35％,x2 =19.60,P＜0.01).The levels of plasma viscosity,erythrocyte aggregation index and serum NO in the control group were (1.70±0.19) mpas.s,5.69±1.08,(43.86±5.20) μmol/L,respectively before the treatment and (1.36±0.14) mpas.s,3.23±0.67,(56.84 ± 7.05) μmol/L,respectively after the treatment.The levels of plasma viscosity,erythrocyte aggregation index and serum NO in the treatment group were (1.71 ±0.18) mpas.s,5.70±1.04,(44.24±5.40) μmol/L,respectively before the treatment and (1.10±0.12) mpas.s,2.80 ±0.52,(64.00±8.15) μmol/L,respectively after the treatment.Compared with pretreatment,the levels of plasma viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation index in the two groups were significantly decreased and serum NO level was increased after the treatment (t=9.07,12.17,17.85,15.76,9.38,12.78,respectively,all P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the levels of plasma viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation index in the treatment group were significantly decreased and serum NO level was increased (t =8.91,3.27,4.21,all P＜0.05).Conclusions The oral beraprost sodium can effectively and safely improve the hemorheologic and endothelial function in elderly patients with LEAOD.

0.05),re-spectively,and the cost-effectiveness ratios were9.12,12.29and8.50,respectively.CONCLUSION:Group C is superior in terms of the cost-effectiveness ratio among the3regimes for depression.

OBJECTIVE:To probe into the status quo and the future tendency of the hematological system drugs used in Guangdong area.METHODS:The hematological system drugs used in over60hospitals of Guangdong area between2000and2004were analyzed statistically with respect to drug variety and amount of money.RESULTS:The amount of money of hematological system drugs increased year by year;that of the joint venture manufactured drugs and the domestic drugs in?creased year by year;filgrastim dominated the first in terms of amount of money.CONCLUSION:The domestic enterprises should strengthen the research and development of drugs and further increase their market share so as to satisfy the needs of more patients.

OBJECTIVE: To provide the latest medicinal information for medical workers. METHODS: The drug instructions were managed using computer technology, and the inquiry service for drug information was provided in the hospital network. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: The established network bridged the communication between doctors and pharmacists, and enabled them to better understand medicinal information and prescribe medicines, and therefore serve the patients better.

OBJECTIVE:To study the status quo of drug use in the elder hospitalized patients(over 65 years old)and their demand for drugs.METHODS:The drugs used in the 12 614 elder hospitalized patients(over 65 years old)between July,2005 and June,2006 were statistically analyzed.RESULTS:The drugs used in elder hospitalized patients totaled 1 347 kinds,which were mainly administered orally or by injection.The consumption sum of injection accounted for 85.81% of the total.The most common diseases in the elder hospitalized patients were tumor diseases,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,and which were more often seen in males than in females.CONCLUSION:The drugs used for the elder hospitalized patients were many in kinds.The expenses of injection showed a highest proportion in the total drug costs.Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases and tumor diseases are main diseases that threat health of aged people.

Purpose To investigate the clinical effect of ultrasound guided drainage combined with different hardeners for simple breast cysts,and to further provide reference for individual treatment.Materials and Methods Clinical data of 117 cases breast simple cysts were analyzed retrospectively,of which 42 cases were routine ultrasound-guided puncture combined with fluid injection of hypertonic sugar (group A),40 cases were routine ultrasound guided drainage combined with ethanol injection therapy (group B),and 35 cases were routine ultrasound guided therapy alone (control group).The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions were compared among the three groups after treatment.Results The total effective rate of group A was 95.24％,group B was 97.50％,and control group was 82.86％.Total effective rate of group A and B had no significant difference (P＞0.05),which were both higher than control group (P＜0.05).The adverse reactions rate of group B was higher than group A and control group,which had statistical significance (P＜0.05).Conclusion Ultrasound guided injection of hypertonic sugar or ethanol after drainage treatment for simple breast cysts can both obtain satisfactory clinical results,but adverse reactions of the former one are mild,it should be widely applied.

Objective To study the pathogenesis of lower limb motor disorder in vascular parkinsonism(VP)using diffusion tensor image(DTI). Methods A case?control study was performed in a cohort of 16 VP patients and 32 PD patients. Patients were all recruited from the first affiliated hospital of China Medical University from Dec. 2011 to Dec. 2012. The lower limb motor function of those patients was assessed using measurement scales. All patients received magnetic resonance image(MRI)and diffusion tensor image(DTI). Results Patients in VP group showed more seri?ous movement disorders such as freezing of gait(gait ignition failure)than these in PD group,and the movement disorders of their lower limbs prog?ress more rapidly in VP group than the PD group. Movement disorders of their lower limbs in VP group were related to fibers in bilateral frontal lobes (P=0.008). Movement disorder of their lower limbs in PD group were related to fibers in substantia nigra(P=0.030). There are statistically signifi?cant differences in both the FA values of substantia nigra,bilateral frontal lobes and the ADC values of frontal lobes,and the pars compacta and pars reticulata of substantia nigra between these two groups(all P<0.05). Conclusion Movement disorders of bilateral lower limbs are more seriously manifested in VP patients than in PD patients. The onset movement dysfunction of bilateral lower limbs is closely related to fibers in the frontal lobe.