From the water soluble extract of Flos Lonicera japonica Thunb.,three triterpenoid saponins were isolated. On the basis of detailed analysis of 1HNMR, 13CNMR, 1H-1HCOSY, HMBC, HMQC, FAB MS, their structures were decided as 3-O-?- L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-?-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-?-Dxylpyranosyl (1→6 )-?-D-glucopyranosyl ester (Ⅰ), 3-O-?-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-?-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2) [?-D-xylpyranosyl (1→6)] -?-glucopyranosyl ester (Ⅱ) a nd 3-O-?-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2) -?-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-?-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)[?-D-xylpyranosyl (1→6)]?-D-glucopyranosyl ester（Ⅲ), and chlorogenin tetraacetate (Ⅳ). Pharmacological experiment showed thatthese compounds had cytoprotective effects against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic injury.

Objective To investigate the role of homocysteine(Hcy)and homocysteine thiolactone(HcyT)in the development of macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 DM.Methods A total of 160 subjects were recruited in this study:40 healthy controls,120 with type 2 DM.Plasma Hcy levels were measured by Polarization Immunoassay(FPIA),and HcyT concentrations were monitored using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)on a reversephase C18 column with ultraviolet detection.Plasma folic acid and Vitamin B12 levels were measured with radioimmunoassay method.Results Plasma Hcy and HcyT concentrations in type 2 DM patients were significantly higher than healthy controls[Hcy:9.28(7.51～11.82)?mol/L vs 5.64(5.17～8.00)?mol/L,P

Objective To study the clinical features,the diagnosis and treatment of left renal entrapment syndrome. Methods Four male patients with left renal entrapment syndrome were reported.Their age ranged from 16 to 22 years.The clinical features were characterized by recurrent episodes of gross hematuria,and 1 case had left varicocele concomitantly.Cystoscopy showed hematuria from the left ureter orifice.B-ultrasonography and CT scan showed that the left vein was clearly compressed at the included angle of abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery and the proximal vein was dilated in all the 4 patients.The characteristics of onset and imaging, and treatment of left renal entrapment syndrome were reviewed and discussed with the relevant literature. Results The diagnosis was established in the 4 cases based on B-ultrasonography and CT scan.Left renal vein reconstruction was performed on them.The patients were cured and discharged,with renal vein outflow being normal and no hematuria occurring.At 6 and 9 months after operation,CT and ultrasonography showed that the kidney contour was normal,the reconstructed veins were patent,and the routine urine test results were normal. Conclusions Left renal entrapment syndrome clinically results in high pressure of renal vein,hematuria and left varicocele.Autotransplantation of the left renal vein is an effective treatment option.

OBJECTIVE To study the correlation of hepatitis B virus(HBV)basic core promoter(BCP) mutation with the interleukins(IL-10,IL-12),tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-?,interferon(IFN)-?,as well as HBV DNA contents in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection.METHODS(1) Project subject: 176 patients(chronic hepatitis B with mild,moderate and severe degree;liver cirrhosis,chronic fulminant and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)) with chronic hepatitis B virus infection were studied.(2) Project methods: ① The A to T mutation at nucleotide 1762 and G to A mutation at nucleotide 1764 were determined by the method of polymerase chain reaction(PCR) microplate hybridization ELISA in these patients.② The serum cytokines(IL-10,IL-12,TNF-? and IFN-?) of these patients were measured by specific-ELISA.RESULTS The serum levels of cytokines(IL-10(80.96?30.86 vs 72.11?24.19 mg/L),IL-12(41.33?15.10 vs 35.98?14.47 mg/L),TNF-?(56.04?27.05 vs 38.01?10.49 mg/L),IFN-?(19.81?12.29 vs 16.55?8.99 mg/L))and HBV DNA contents(108.2478?0.9826 vs 105.8876?1.4822copies/ml) in BCP mutant group were significantly higher than that in non-mutant group(P

Objective To study the anatomical characteristics of the stellate ganglion (SG) for providing morphological data for SG block. Methods The shape, size, position, and relation of 30 cases of SG in 15 adult cadavers were observed and measured. Results Most of the SG was stellate-shaped. The average volume of the stellate ganglion was (0.86?0.07)cm3. The position of the SG could be localized according to the adjacent bone or muscle marks, and the shortest distance was between the SG and the transverse process of the 7th cervical vertebrae. There were many important structures around the SG, in which the vertebral artery was closely related to the SG. Conclusion During performance of the SG block, the surface projection, puncture point, and medication dosage could be judged on the basis of these quantitative anatomic data.

Objective To investigate the changes of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and cell apoptosis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and the influence of brain-derived neutrophic factor(BDNF) on these parameters in rats.Methods Eighty-four male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups:BDNF (n =42) and control (n =42) groups.The BDNF group was induced using the improved Zea-longa method and were received abdominal injections of BDNF (0.5 μg/μl) immediately after injury.The control group was received abdominal injections with the same dose sodium chloride injection immediately after injury and repeated one time everyday until the rats was killed.Each group was divided into seven subgroups by sacrificed time after injury,including subgroups 1 h,3 h,6 h,12 h,24 h,3 d,and 7 d; each subgroup got 6 rats.Each subgroup were randomly selected three rats after being killed.The expressions of NF-κB and TNF-α of rats contusion peri tissues brain tissue were detected by immunohistochemical methods.Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TUNEL) method was used to observe the peri cell apoptosis after brain contusion.Results The expressions of NF-κB and TNF-α in BDNF group was significantly decreased relative to the control group (P ＜ 0.05),with a significant positive correlation between two parameters in two groups (P ＜ 0.001).The number of apoptotic cells was significantly decreased in the BDNF group relative to control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Brain-derived neutrophic factor probably relieves inflammation response,reduces the change of secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury,and decreases neural cell apoptosis,and finally provides protection of neurocytes.

Objective To investigate the influence of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) standard value (2007 and 2010 Chinese Diabetes Prevention Guide) on glycemic control and treatment of type 2 diabetic patients in Chinese cities.Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in type 2 diabetes mellitus from outpatients in selected hospitals all over China in 2009 and 2012.Patients treated with oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs),insulin or OAD combined with insulin were enrolled.A questionnaire including general characters,therapy,complications and blood glucose was completed by trained surveyors.Results A total of 30 853 patients were enrolled in 2009,and 48 232 patients in 2012.The distribution of HbA1c ＜6.5％,6.5％-＜7.0％,7.0％-＜8.0％,8.0％-＜9.0％,9.0％-＜ 10.0％ and ≥ 10.0％ was 20.35％,12.59％,35.50％,18.94％,6.46％ and 6.16％ in 2012; 14.81％,27.72％,14.55％,6.55％ and 8.36％ in 2009,respectively.The top three OAD were biguanides,sulfonylureas and thiazolidine.The most common treatment options for combined therapy are metformin combined with sulfonylurea in both 2009 and 2012.Conclusions There is an increase in the proportion of patients with good and general blood glucose control in 2012.With the generalization of Chinese Diabetes Prevention Guide,a steady tendency is presented in blood glucose control.

Zhejiang province takes an innovative approach in its rural health service strategy featuring routine health examination,which proved an initial success.Intending to assess the effect and dilemma of such a system,and seek sustainable development in future,we made investigations in Pinhu and Xianju in Zhejiang province.Overall,rural health service strategy based on rural health routine examination,to some extent, improved patient-physician relationship,changed and strengthened their rural health concepts,and upgraded non-communicable disease control. Furthermore,the practice has economically and socially influenced rural health service institutions and rural physicians in terms of their concepts and methodology.There are also setbacks and problems in need of govemment support,programme improvement and resource optimization for further sustainability.

Objective To learn and evaluate the present prescriptions from outpatient departments of 21 public hospitals in Songjiang district,and to promote rational drug use.Methods A total of 75,600 outpatient prescriptions from 21 public hospitals in Songjing district were collected monthly from January 2008 to October 2010 and analyzed statistically using indexes for prescription evaluation.Results of the 75,600 prescriptions,the types of drugs in each prescription averaged 2.35,the ratio of antibiotics use and injection agents use were 35.77％ and 17.40％,respectively.The percentage of essential drugs without added profit accounted for 41.91％ of the total drug use,and the average drug cost per prescription was RMB 85.99.Comparison of indexes for prescription evaluation showed that the ratio of antibiotics use and injection agents use as well as the average cost per prescription in secondary hospitals were significantly higher that those in community health centers (P＜0.01),while the percentage of essential drugs without added profit and the average number of drugs in each prescription were statistically smaller than those in community health centers (P＜0.01).Conclusion Drug use in outpatient departments of 21 public hospitals was rational in general,especially noteworthy is the significant improvement made at community health centers in recent three years.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of treating atrial fibrillation(AF)in beating heart surgery using bipolar Radiofrequency Ablation(RFA)system. Methods Treating AF in beating heart under normal temperature CBP surgery with bipolar RFA following the circuit of maze operation,2 - 6 times each place,until sinus rhythm appeared,then perform AVR or MVR in the stopped beating heart. Results All 18 cases survived the surgery. Sinus rhythm appeared in all cases. The average treating time was 28 minutes. Conclusions Application of bipolar RFA in the treatment of AF in beating heart is a safe and efficacy method. It is recommended to be applied widely.