Objective To study the significance of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLND) in clinical stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ breast cancer patients. MethodsFrom January 1999 to January 2000, 126 patients with clinically stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ breast cancer received SLND guided by methylenc blue staining, and axillary lymph nodes clearance. Multilevel section and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed in lymph nodes of patients with negative nodes. Results SN was identified in 95/126 cases(75.4%). The sensitivity of SLND was 91.7%, the specificity was 100%. It had 100% positive predictability and 92.5% negative predictability. The accuracy rate of intraoperative frozen-section examination of SN was 93.4%. One of 35 patients (2.9%) with H&E negative nodes had evidence of lymph node metastasis in the SN by multilevel sectioning and IHC.ConclusionSLND is extremely accurate in prediction of the lymph node status in patients with breast cancer. Multilevel sectioning and IHC analysis of SN improves the sensitivity of this staging technique.

0 05) when E/T was 1, whereas DNA fragmentation in oligonucleotide treated cells was significantly higher as compared with non treated cells ( P

Objective To study the feasibility of Brainlab plus 6-degree-of-freedom(6D) couch in the radiotherapy of head and neck by using their setup error.Methods Twenty-four patients with head and neck neoplasms in our hospital during AugustOctober 2016 were taken as the examples.After positioning by technician,each Brainlab was carried out,the setup errors in 3 translation directions of left-to-right(X),head-to-foot(Y) and abdomen to-back(Z) and 3 pivoting directions of Rx,Ry and Rz were obtained after registration of positioned CT image.After adjustment,Brainlab re-scanning was conducted for getting corrected errors.Results The online correction by Brainlab plus 6D obviously reduced the setup errors.The setup errors in all directions approached to 0,in which the difference between Ry and Rz directions had no statistical significance(P＞0.05),while the difference among the X,Y,Z and RX directions was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The online corrections of Brainlab combined with 6D considerably reduces the errors in translation and rotation directions in radiotherapy of head and neck neoplasms,thus reduces normal tissue received amount and increases the radiotherapeutic accuracy.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of sentinel lymph node biopsyly by using radiopharmaceuticals for sentinel lymph node mapping. Methods: From April 1999 to October 2001, lymphatic mapping by using radiopharmaceuticals( either99mTc-antimony sulfide or 99mTc-sulfur colloid ) injection into subdermal directly overlying the tumor was performed on 79 patients with early breast cancer followed by SLND, then all patients received breast opreations including standard axillary lymph nodes dissection ( ALND). To analyze the results of SLND performed by radiopharmaceuticals. Results: The sentinel nodes were successfully identified by lymphoscintigraphy in 67 of 75 cases (89. 33%). Of the 68 patients in this study whose sentinel nodes were identified both by lymphoscintigraphy and handhold ?-probe ,65 patients' SLNs could predict the axillary status accurately(95. 59%) . The false negative rate is 8. 33%(3 of 36). We failed to identify SLN in 9 cases and found 3 cases SLNs to be false negative in the first 28 cases while there were only 2 cases whose SLN could not be identified and no false negative in the other 51 cases. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P

Three hundred patients aged≥60 year, who visited general practice clinic of Zhangjiakou Mingdebei Community Health Service Center or Beijing Fatou Community Health Service Center from March to May 2019, were randomly selected as study subjects. The prevalence of senile prutitus (SP) was calculated; the awareness, treatment and clinical characteristics of SP were surveyed with questionnaire. The degree of skin pruritus was compared among SP patients with different characteristics in the community, and the factors influencing pruritus of SP patients were analyzed. The results revealed that the prevalence of SP in elderly patients visiting community general practice clinic was 33.30% (198/600), the SP awareness rate was 29.29% (58/198), and the SP treatment rate was 23.23% (46/198). Frequent bath taken (>3 times/week, χ 2=9.129), long bathing time (>1 h/time, χ 2=12.742), regular use of alkaline detergents (χ 2=8.695), irregular life (χ 2 =14.819), spicy food (χ 2=9.852), not using moisturizer for skin care (χ 2=6.614), frequent drinking strong tea (χ 2=6.258), frequent drinking coffee (χ 2=6.513), poor sleep quality (χ 2=12.364) and irritability temperament (χ 2=23.120) were significantly associated with pruritus in elderly patients. (all P<0.05).The study indicates that the elderly patients in the community have a high incidence of SP, low awareness and low treatment rates. It is necessary to strengthen the health education, improve life style and live habits to reduce the incidence of SP in the community.

AIM: To detect the effect of conjunction matrigel with mammary fad pat(MFP)implantation on the tumorigenesis, proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis of Her2 positive and negative breast cancer model. METHODS: The Her2 positive BT 474 and Her2 negative MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cells were injected into MFP of nude mice with or without matrigel to establish breast cancer model. The tumor volume was measured every 3 d. Followed up for 30 d after implantation, the nude mice were killed and the tumors and associated organs were dissected for pathological sectioning and staining with hematoxylin and eosin. The time of tumor formation and the tumorigenesis were determined after implantation. The tumor volume and metastasis rate were calculated and compared with each other. The proliferation and apoptosis of Her2 positive and negative tumors were also determined. RESULTS: Matrigel and MFP implantation technology shortened the time of tumorigenesis significantly(P<0.01). The tumorigenesis rate of BT 474 and MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cells did not show any different(P>0.05). The metastasis rate of MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cells were improved from 25.0% to 37.5%(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Matrigel and MFP implantation can be combined to shorten the time of tumor formation by two kinds of breast cancer cells, and improve the metastasis of Her2 negative MDA-MB 231 cells. Using matrigel does not show any effect of proliferation and apoptosis on Her2 positive and negative breast cancer cells.

OBJECTIVETo study the predictive factors that are associated with intraoperative identification of the sentinel lymph node (SLN).

METHODSLymphatic mapping using blue dye was performed in 108 patients with stage I and II operable primary breast cancer. Subsequently the patients received operations of breast cancer including axillary dissection. Clinical and histological factors were assessed to determine those that were associated with intraoperative identification of the SLN.

RESULTSThe sentinel node was identified at the time of surgery in 84 patients (77.78%). Of the clinical factors assessed, age(y) < 50 (chi(2) = 7.447, P < 0.01), tumour in the upper quadrant (chi(2) = 6.330, P < 0.05), diagnosis by preoperative biopsy (chi(2) = 5.509, P < 0.05), successful mapping of the lymphatic duct (chi(2) = 13.125, P < 0.01) were significant in identifying the sentinel node at operation. No histological factor was associated with intraoperative identification of the sentinel node.

CONCLUSIONThere are the possibility of failure of SLN identification at sentinel lymph node biopsy. Our results suggest that the best predictor of intraoperative sentinel node identification is the visualization of the lymphatic duct on mapping by blue dye. Other factors such as age, tumour site as well as diagnostic method are also important in determining the success of the procedure.

Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Intraoperative Care ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mechanism of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) in regulating the expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE).

METHODSAβ1-40 was injected into the bilateral hippocampus of rats, and 3 weeks later, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of RAGE, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (gp9l(phox) and p47(phox)), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and inhibitor of κB (IκB) were measured by Western blotting.

RESULTSInjection of Aβ1-40 caused a significant increase in the expressions of RAGE, gp9l(phox), p47(phox), phospho-p47(phox), phospho-IκBα, NF-κB and phospho-NF-κB in rat hippocampus but decreased the level of IκBα. Aβ1-40 injection also resulted in a significantly increased content of ROS in the hippocampus of the rats.

CONCLUSIONAβ up-regulates the expression of RAGE in rat hippocampus via NADPH/ ROS/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Amyloid beta-Peptides ; adverse effects ; Animals ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; NADP ; metabolism ; NADPH Oxidase 2 ; NADPH Oxidases ; metabolism ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Peptide Fragments ; adverse effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products ; Receptors, Immunologic ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Up-Regulation

Escherichia coli biofilm is a complex membrane aggregation produced by the adhesion and secretion of extracellular polymeric substances by E. coli cells aggregated on specific media. Pathogenic E. coli will evade the immune system and the impact of various harmful factors in the environment after the formation of biofilm, causing sustained and even fatal damage to the host. Cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a second messenger ubiquitous in bacteria and plays a crucial role in regulating biofilm formation. This paper reviewed the recent studies about the role of c-di-GMP in the movement, adhesion, and EPS production mechanism of E. coli during biofilm formation, aiming to provide a basis for inhibiting E. coli biofilm from the perspective of c-di-GMP.
Bacterial Proteins/genetics* ; Biofilms ; Cyclic GMP/analogs & derivatives* ; Escherichia coli/metabolism* ; Escherichia coli Proteins/metabolism* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial

Objective: To make three-dimensional prototyped models of nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses for endoscopic skills training and teaching and to verify and evaluate the fidelity of the models. Methods: Imaging data of a patient with nasal septum deviation was selected for prototyping the nasal cavities model, and the imaging data of a patient with chronic rhinosinusitis who underwent the endoscopic sinus surgery 4 months ago was selected for the paranasal sinuses model. Both patients came from the Department of Rhinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. The models were printed by the desktop-level printer based on the fused deposition modeling (FDM). The evaluations of anatomical structures and prespecified tasks on the simulators were completed by 5 residents and 5 experts of Rhinology.The models were evaluated by survey ratings based on a 5-point Likert scale. The average time to complete each task was calculated.Mann-Whitney nonparametric test was used to assess the differences between experts and residents groups. The statistical significance level was set at P<0.05. Results: All the components of the two models were prototyped in 24 h. For the nasal cavities model, the scores of each anatomical structure were more than 4.0. As to the paranasal sinuses model, except for the frontal sinus (3.6), the scores of each anatomical structure were more than 4.0. All the participants who performed the prespecified tasks evaluated the models well (>4.0). With the nasal cavity simulator, the experts completed the tasks (nasal cavity and nasopharyngeal endoscopy, removal of nasal foreign body, nasal packing, pledget insertion), and the other tasks (the nasal cavity and nasopharyngeal endoscopy, identification of ostiums of paranasal sinuses, maxillary sinus debridement with 70° nasal endoscopy) were completed with paranasal sinus model. The average time to complete each task by experts group and residents group (M (P₂₅, P₇₅)) were 10.3 (10.0, 10.7) s vs 17.1 (14.6, 20.7) s, 2.1 (2.0, 2.2) s vs 3.4 (2.6, 4.7) s, 30.1 (27.8, 32.8) s vs 59.2 (52.0, 65.4) s, 54.8 (50.1, 63.2) s vs 92.2 (79.3, 106.9) s, 9.3 (8.7, 9.9) s vs 14.5 (13.3, 14.9) s, 20.1 (19.3, 21.2) s vs 41.9 (35.5, 45.1) s, 31.1 (28.8, 35.2) s vs 52.8 (47.7, 56.3) s, respectively, and the average time to complete each task was shorter for the experts group than for the residents (U value was 0, 1.000, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, respectively, all P<0.05). Conclusion The models of nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses made by our desktop-level FDM 3D-printer are useful for endoscopic training skills.