ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Jingmaiyan granules （composed of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos， Sedi Herba， Paeoniae Radix Rubra， Moutan Cortex， Rhei Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma） combined with external application of Jinhuang Ointment in treating acute-stage blood heat stasis type superficial thrombophlebitis （ST） of lower extremities， and to explore their effects on hemorheology and serum inflammatory factors. MethodsA randomized， double-blind， placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted. A total of 124 patients with lower extremity ST were randomized into two groups（62 cases in each group）. The control group received external application of Jinhuang ointment and oral placebo treatment， while the observation group received external application of Jinhuang ointment and oral Jingmaiyan granules. Both groups were treated for 2 weeks. The clinical symptom scores， therapeutic efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome， pain visual analog scale （VAS） scores， hemorheological indices ［including whole blood high-shear， medium-shear， and low-shear viscosity， as well as plasma viscosity （PV）］， and inflammatory factors ［C-reactive protein （CRP）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）］ were compared before and after treatment. ResultsAfter 2 weeks of treatment， the total effective rate in the observation group （98.3%， 60/62） was significantly higher than that in the control group （83.8%， 52/62）， with a statistically significant difference （Z=3.512 1， P<0.05）. Compared with pre-treatment scores， the scores for skin color， skin temperature， swelling， pain， and cord or nodules were significantly reduced in both groups （P<0.05）， with more pronounced improvement in the observation group （P<0.05）. Additionally， compared with pre-treatment levels， the whole blood viscosity （low-， medium-， and high-shear） significantly improved in both groups after treatment （P<0.05）， with more marked improvement in the observation group （P<0.05）. Furthermore， the plasma viscosity， CRP， IL-6， and TNF-α levels were significantly reduced in both groups after treatment （P<0.05）， with more pronounced improvement observed in the observation group （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe combination of external application of Jinhuang ointment and oral Jingmaiyan granules effectively improves clinical symptoms， hemorheological abnormalities， and inflammatory responses in patients with acute stage blood heat stasis type ST of lower extremities. The treatment is safe and holds clinical promotion value.

A porous composite scaffold is prepared through freeze-drying method using sodium alginate as the matrix and calcium citrate double salt as the functional enhancer.To thoroughly investigate the structure and properties of the composite scaffold,advanced instruments including Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,X-ray diffractometer,scanning electron microscope,and thermogravimetric analyzer are utilized for comprehensive structural characterization.Meanwhile,key properties such as porosity,mechanical performance,swelling ratio,gel fraction,and in vitro degradation rate are systematically tested and analyzed.The results show that the composite of sodium alginate and calcium citrate double salt is a physical complex.The porosity of the scaffold mainly ranges from 200 to 600 μm,and as the addition of double salt increases,the pore size firstly increases and then slightly decreases,while the pore distribution become more uneven.In terms of mechanical properties,with the gradual increase of the content of double salt in the scaffold,the mechanical properties of the scaffold are significantly improved.However,its swelling ratio and gel fraction exhibit decreasing trends.Additionally,the degradation rate of the alginate scaffold is relatively fast,while the addition of calcium citrate double salt does not significantly improve the degradation rate.This study not only provides valuable insights into the preparation and property research of porous composite scaffold composed of sodium alginate/calcium citrate double salt,but also offers important reference for their potential applications in biomedicine.

Objective:To explore the complex network correlation between interoceptive sensitivity and sleep quality in colorectal cancer patients with colostomy, clarify core symptoms and bridging symptoms, so as to provide theoretical support for developing targeted intervention measures.Methods:Convenience sampling method was used to select 287 colorectal cancer patients with colostomy at Shanxi Province Fenyang Hospital and Lyuliang First People's Hospital between October 2023 and November 2024 as study subjects. Patients were assessed using the General Information Questionnaire, Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness Version 2-Chinese, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Network analysis was employed to investigate the network correlation between interoceptive sensitivity and sleep quality, as well as the characteristics of core nodes. A total of 287 questionnaires were distributed, and 281 effective questionnaires were collected, with an effective response rate of 97.91% (281/287) .Results:Network analysis revealed that the strongest connection weights linking interoceptive sensitivity to sleep quality were observed between trust and daytime dysfunction (connection weight: -0.20), followed by trust and sleep duration (connection weight: -0.10). The strength, betweenness, and closeness of trust centrality indicators were 1.24, 2.34, and 1.73, respectively. Trust emerged as the core node within the interoceptive sensitivity cluster. The strength, betweenness, and closeness of daytime dysfunction indicators were 1.15, 1.92 and 1.67. Daytime dysfunction emerged as the core node within the sleep quality cluster. Trust served as a bridging role in the complex network correlation between interoceptive sensitivity and sleep quality.Conclusions:There is a strong correlation between trust and daytime dysfunction and sleep duration among colorectal cancer patients with colostomy. Trust is a key factor in the network correlation between interoceptive sensitivity and sleep quality. Clinical healthcare providers can develop targeted interventions based on trust to improve the interoceptive sensitivity and sleep quality of colorectal cancer patients with colostomy.

Objective To explore the effect of visual balance training combined with digital treadmill intervention on walking func-tion in patients with ischemic stroke.Methods From July,2023 to December,2024,90 patients with ischemic stroke in Gansu Provincial Hospital were ran-domly divided into control group(n=30),treadmill group(n=30)and combined group(n=30).All groups re-ceived routine rehabilitation treatment,while the treadmill group added digital treadmill training,and the com-bined group added visual feedback balance training and digital treadmill training,for four weeks.All groups were assessed with Berg Balance Scale(BBS),Pro-Kin visual feedback balance training system,Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment(POMA),digital treadmill system,Timed Up and Go Test(TUGT),Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Extremities(FMA-LE),Functional Ambulation Category(FAC)and modified Barthel Index(MBI)before and after intervention.Results The effects of intra-group(F>147.291,P<0.001),inter-group(F>4.919,P<0.05)and interaction(F>18.386,P<0.001)were all significant for the indicators including BBS score,length trajectory and elliptical area of eyes open or closed,POMA score,step length,hip and knee range of motion on the healthy and affected side,TUGT time,FMA-LE score,and MBI score.Post-hoc tests showed that after treatment,all the above indicators improved in each group(P<0.01),and they were the best in the combined group,followed by the treadmill group(P<0.05).After treatment,the FAC grades improved in all the groups(|Z|>1.971,P<0.05),and it was better in the combined group than in the control group(P<0.01).Conclusion Visual feedback balance training combined with digital treadmill intervention can improve balance function,walking ability and activities of daily living in patients with ischemic stroke,which is more effective than tread-mill training alone.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes. "Internal heat leading to zheng" is the core pathogenesis of DKD, while "glucose toxicity" is transformed from subtle substances through "internal heat" and the cementation of various pathological products, which is pivotal to the transformation of diabetes to DKD. "Glucose toxicity" is characterized by deep and widespread heat, caused by various pathological factors, and its sticky nature makes it difficult to resolve, which can cause severe damage to the kidney collaterals. In the early stage of "glucose toxicity", it is yang pathogen, which can be transformed into yin pathogen in the later stage with disease progression. In clinical practice, treatment should be based on disease staging, with attention on grasping the pathogenesis of "internal heat leading to zheng" and identifying the nature of "glucose toxicity". During the diabetic period, clearing heat is the primary method, often using modified Yueju Pill and Dachaihu Decoction. In the early stage of DKD, treatment primarily focuses on clearing and penetrating latent heat to treat DKD, aiming to prevent toxic heat from transitioning from qi to blood. The approach emphasizes clearing heat and re-penetrating, detoxification, and re-clearing, often using a self-made modified Qingre Xiaozheng Decoction. In the middle and late stages of DKD, the focus shifts to clearing heat, eliminating zheng, strengthening vital qi, and dispelling turbidity, with commonly used treatments including the self-made modified Xiezhuo Xiaozheng Formula, Jingui Shenqi Pill, and Zhenwu Decoction.

Diabetic kidney disease(DKD)is one of the serious complications of diabetes.Ferroptosis causes pathological damage and is involved in the progression of DKD.How to inhibit ferroptosis and delay DKD is a new academic hotspot.The author's team further enriched and proposed the core pathogenesis theory of"internal heat induced disease"on the basis of the traditional DKD"yin deficiency and dryness-heat"theory,and explained the general development law of DKD.In this article,"internal heat"and"Zhengjia"in the theory of DKD"internal heat induced diseases"are used as the starting point to explore the relationship of the main pathological damage of ferroptosis such as activating inflammatory response,enhancing oxidative stress,promoting fibrosis and so on with the internal mechanism of the theory of"internal heat induced diseases",further explained the scientific connotation of DKD"internal heat induced diseases",in order to provide ideas and theoretical basis for the TCM prevention and treatment of DKD.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors and action paths of frailty in elderly patients with col-orectal cancer,so as to provide a theoretical clinical intervention.Methods A convenience sampling method was adopted.A total of 254 elderly patients with colorectal cancer who were scheduled for elective surgery in a tertiary A hospital in Shanxi Province from March 2023 to September 2024 were selected as the research subjects.General information questionnaires,Fried frailty phenotype,Perceived Ageism Scale,Multidimensional Assessment Scale of In-teroceptive Awareness Version 2-Chinese,Cancer Patient Self-Management Assessment Scale,and Anderson Symptom Inventory were used for the investigation,and a structural equation model was constructed.Results The incidence of frailty in elderly colorectal cancer patients before surgery is 38.98％.Anderson Symptom Assessment and Per-ceived Ageism were positively correlated with frailty(r=0.534,0.568,P＜0.01),while interoceptive sensitivity and the self-management level were negatively correlated with frailty(r=-0.444,-0.659,P＜0.01).Self-management behavior had only a direct effect on patients' frailty(β=-0.349,P＜0.001),while Anderson Symptom Assessment,perceived age discrimination and interoceptive sensitivity had both direct and indirect effects on patients' frailty(direct effects β=0.235,0.287,-0.220;indirect effects β=0.147,0.090,-0.113;all P＜0.001).Conclusion The incidence of frailty in elderly patients with colorectal cancer before surgery is high.Attention should be paid to patients who are elderly,female and have a low level of education.Medical staff can take targeted measures to enhance patients' interocep-tive concentration and stability,so that patients can better monitor and regulate their bodies and emotions,and im-prove their health-promoting decisions and behaviors.At the same time,attention should also be paid to the prob-lem of age discrimination to create a good medical environment for patients.

Objective:To explore any effect of electrical stimulation of the right median nerve (RMNS) in modulating arousal patterns in the prefrontal cortex of a healthy adult.Methods:Twenty-three right-handed healthy participants received block-designed patterns of RMNS arousal. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to record any hemodynamic response in their prefrontal cortex. Changes in oxyhemoglobin (HbO), deoxyhemoglobin (HbR), and total hemoglobin (HbT) were analyzed by comparing the levels in stimulation blocks with resting-state periods.Results:fNIRS revealed significant activation of HbO signals in the left frontopolar area (channel 15) and the right frontopolar area (channels 37, 43 and 48) following RMNS arousal. There were significant differences in the HbR signals from the right frontopolar area (channel 41). There were, however, no significant differences in the HbT signals across all the measured channels.Conclusion:RMNS arousal enhances neurometabolic activity within the frontopolar sub-region of the prefrontal cortex in healthy adults.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of Yishen Tongluo Formula in ameliorating renal pyroptosis in diabetic nephropathy mice by regulating the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Methods: Sixty C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into control (10 mice) and intervention groups (50 mice) using random number table method. The diabetes nephropathy model was established by intraperitoneally injecting streptozotocin(50 mg/kg). After modeling, the intervention group was further divided into model, semaglutide (40 μg/kg), and high-, medium-, and low-dose Yishen Tongluo Formula groups (15.6, 7.8, and 3.9 g/kg, respectively) using random number table method. The high-, medium-, and low-dose Yishen Tongluo Formula groups were administered corresponding doses of medication by gavage, the semaglutide group received a subcutaneous injection of semaglutide injection, and the control group and model groups were administered distilled water by gavage for 12 consecutive weeks. Random blood glucose levels of mice in each group were monitored, and the 24-h urinary protein content was measured using biochemical method every 4 weeks; after treatment, the serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels were measured using biochemical method. The weight of the kidneys was measured, and the renal index was calculated. Hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, periodic Schiff-methenamine, and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes in renal tissue. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect urinary β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) levels. Western blotting and real-time fluorescence PCR were used to detect the relative protein and mRNA expression levels of nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing receptor 3 (NLRP3), Caspase-1, gasdermin D (GSDMD), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in renal tissue. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the proportion of protein staining area of the TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB in renal tissue. Results: Compared with the control group, the random blood glucose, 24-h urinary protein, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, and renal index of the model group increased, and the urine β2-MG, NGAL, and KIM-1 levels increased. The relative protein and mRNA expression levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18 in renal tissue increased, and the proportion of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB protein positive staining areas increased (P<0.05). Pathological changes such as glomerular hypertrophy were observed in the renal tissue of the model group. Compared with the model group, the Yishen Tongluo Formula high-dose group showed a decrease in random blood glucose after 12 weeks of treatment (P<0.05). The Yishen Tongluo Formula high- and medium-dose groups showed a decrease in 24-h urinary protein, creatinine, urea nitrogen, and renal index, as well as decreased β2-MG, NGAL, and KIM-1 levels. NLRP3, Caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1 β, and IL-18 relative protein and mRNA expression levels were also reduced, and the proportion of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB protein positive staining areas was reduced (P<0.05). Pathological damage to renal tissue was ameliorated. Conclusion Yishen Tongluo Formula may exert protective renal effects by inhibiting renal pyroptosis and alleviating tubular interstitial injury in diabetic nephropathy mice by regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Building on the theory of "state-target differentiation and treatment" proposed by Academician TONG Xiaolin， diabetic foot ulcers （DFUs） are considered to belong to the "collateral injury" stage， characterized by the interplay of five states，i.e. dampness， heat， stasis， deficiency， and impairment. The dynamic biological process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT） is closely associated with the healing process of DFUs. The treatment of DFUs through staged differentiation under the "state-target differentiation and treatment" theory not only provides a basis for precise clinical treatment， but also offers insights into the regulatory roles of EMT in different states and potential intervention targets. The dampness state typically exits during the inflammatory phase， local inflammation and fluid metabolism disorders inducing EMT. Treatment focuses on draining dampness and alleviating edema， promoting local microcirculation， and improving tissue hypoxia. The heat state often reflects acute local inflammatory responses. Treatment emphasizes clearing heat and resolving toxins， regulating the EMT process to reduce inflammation， control infection， and alleviate redness， swollen， heat， and pain in the affected area. The stasis state mainly occurs during the proliferation phase. Treatment centers on invigorating blood and dissolving stasis， and unblocking the channels and quickening the collaterals. EMT plays a role in remodeling the extracellular matrix， promoting tissue repair and angiogenesis. The deficiency state is common in chronic phase， where treatment prioritizes tonifying qi and nourishing blood while reinforcing healthy qi and dispelling pathogens. EMT regulation focuses on restoring local tissue metabolism and improving the micro-environment to enhance tissue repair capacity. The impairment state represents the progression of disease deterioration. Treatment should focus on supplementing qi， blood， yin， and yang， and also promoting muscle growth and strengthening bones， supplementing by resolving toxins and stasis. EMT plays a role by regulating the activity of extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes to prevent excessive tissue repair and scarring， thereby facilitating the reconstruction of normal tissue structures.