Statistical analysis of TCM syndrome differentiation and clinical symptoms were made in 163 cases of diseases of digestive tract. It was found that the patients of abnormal defection or tendecy of abnormal defecation with the hyperactive liver - Qi attacking the spleen, stagnation of liver-Qi due to hypofunction of the spleen, loose stool due to deficiency of the spleen, constipation due to Qi-deficiency, constipation due to Qi - staganation syndromes accounted for 60%- 100%. Elecrtic examination of colon on the body surface and analysis of frequancy spectrum found that hyperelectroactivity of low - frequency and high - frequency segment of colon and contractive complex myoelectric hyperactivity in the patients of the hyperactive liver - Qi attacking the spleen; hyperelectroactivity of high - frequency segment of the ascending and descending colon and contractive complex myoelectric hyperactivity and decrease of electric activity of high - frequency segment of the sigmoid colon in the patients of loose stool due to hypofunction of the spleen: obvious decrease of electric activiy of low - frequency and high-frequency of the colon and contractive complex myoelectric hyperactivity in the patients of constipation due to deficiency of Qi or Qi - stagnation, but electric activity of the high -frequency segment of the colon and contractive complex myoelectric activity after meal in the patients of constipation due to Qi -stagnation was stronger than that in the patients of constipation due to Qi - deficiency. Electric frequency spectrum of colon can indirectly reflect changes of colon dynamics of different syndromes, and it can partially expain the changes of stool and the mechanism of relative symptoms.

In order to simultaneously remove carbon and nitrogen from organic-rich wastewater, we used an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed/blanket (UASB) reactor that was started up with anammox with high concentration of carbon and nitrogen by gradually raising the organic loading of influent. We optimized the removal of nitrogen and carbon when the chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration varied from 172 to 620 mg/L. During the entire experiment, the ammonium and total nitrogen removal efficiency was higher than 85%, while the average COD removal efficiency was 56.6%. The high concentration of organic matter did not restrain the activity of anammox bacteria. Based on polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and tapping sequencing analyses, the Planctomycete, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Chlorobi bacteria are detected in the UASB reactor, which indicated complex removal pathway of carbon and nitrogen coexisted in the reactor. However, a part of Planctomycete which referred to anammox bacteria could tolerate a high content of organic carbon, and it provided help for high performance of nitrogen removal in UASB reactor.
Ammonia ; chemistry ; Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis ; Bioreactors ; Carbon ; chemistry ; Nitrogen ; chemistry ; Sewage ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; methods ; Waste Water ; chemistry

To study the enrichment regulation of anammox bacteria during the whole start-up process of anammox reaction, two reactors with addition of carries of Spherical Plastic (SP) and Bamboo Charcoal (BC) and one without carrier (CK) were used to start anammox reaction. Then FISH and q-PCR analyses for the growth of all anammox bacteria were conducted during the operational process. The results indicate that the number of anammox bacteria in all reactors increased with time during the whole start-up process, which was consistent with the removal rate of ammonium and nitrite. On day 123 of stable phase, the percent of anammox cells in the sludge of CK, SP and BC accounted for 23.3%, 32.6% and 43.7%, respectively. The number of anammox bacteria 16S rRNA gene copies was (25.64 +/- 2.76) x 10(7), (47.12 +/- 2.76) x 10(7) and (577.99 +/- 27.25) x 10(7) copies g(-1) VSS in the sludge of CK, SP and BC, respectively. Carrier addition could dramatically increase enrichment of anammox bacteria. BC addition significantly increased the anammox bacteria number in the UASB reactor which resulted in the acceleration of the anammox start-up process. In addition, the max specific growth rate and the minimum doubling time were 0.064 d(-1) and 10.8 d in BC reactor. The max specific growth rate of anammox bacteria in BC reactor was 1.78 times and 1.88 times greater than that in CK and SP reactor, respectively. Therefore, the FISH and q-PCR analyses were suitable for determining the enrichment regulation of anammox bacteria during the start-up time, while a bit of differences in results existed between the two analytical methods due to the difference in analysis targets.
Ammonia ; metabolism ; Bacteria ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Bioreactors ; Industrial Microbiology ; Nitrites ; metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Sewage ; microbiology

0),whose mean calcification score was 1935.54(0～9833). Patients with calcification score ≥100 had significantly higher morbidity of cardiovascular diseases, serum phosphate level, calcium-phosphate product, C-reactive potein concentration and lower serum albumin than patients with calcification score

Objective To isolate and identify leukemia stem cells from acute myeloid leukemia patients for further research. Methods By Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, mononuclear cells were firstly separated from bone marrow of patients. According to specific surface markers, CD+34 CD+123 of leukemic stem cells were sorted by flow cytometer. Their ability of self-renewal and differentiation were evaluated by colony formation and cobblestone forming ability. At the same time, the purity and cell morphology of CD+34 CD+123 cells was analysed. Results Comparared with total mononuclear cells, the proportion of the CD+34 CD+123 cells after sorting was 10.7 %, and these cells showed the ability of colony forming and cobblestone forming, and the purity proportion of CD+34 CD+123 cells was 62.1%. Conclusion The leukemia stem cells were isolated successfully and could be used in further study.

ObjectiveTo study effect of Herba Erigerontis on metabolites in cerebral ischemia rats with high-resolution magic angle spinning 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(HR MAS 1H NMR). Methods18 male Wistar rats, weighing 150～200 g, were randomly divided into 3 groups such as normal (n=6), ischemia (n=6), Herba Erigerontis treatment (n=6). Rat ischemia model was established with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), reperfusing or dosed with Herba Erigerontis after 3 h ischemia. The metabolites, including N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine (Cre), choline (Cho), glutamate (Glu), and aspartate (Asp) etc., of cerebra and cerebella was observed using HR MAS 1H NMR. ResultsExcluding Cho, Glu, Asp, the concentrations of most metabolites of rat brain during ischemia were significantly lower than that of normal rats, and could be increased after drug treatment. ConclusionHerba Erigerontis shows positive effect on metabolites in cerebral ischemia rats.

Objective To evaluate the effect of isoflurane preconditioning on the expression of hippocampal GluR1 subunits-containing α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate(AMPA)receptors in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(I/R).Methods Forty-eight pathogen-free healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 250-280 g,aged 7-8 weeks,were divided into 3 groups(n=16 each)using a random number table:sham operation group(group S),focal cerebral I/R group(group I/R)and isoflurane preconditioning group(group IPC).Focal cerebral I/R was induced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 2 h followed by reperfusion to induce cognitive decline in I/R and IPC groups. Rats were exposed to 1.5% isoflurane for 1 h every day for 5 consecutive days,and the model was established at 24 h after the last exposure in group IPC. Eight rats in each group were selected to perform Morris water maze test for 6 consecutive days starting from 9 or 23 days after operation. The rats were sacrificed at 14 and 28 days after operation,and the hippocampal tissues were obtained for determination of the expression of GluR1 mRNA(by using real-time polymerase chain reaction)and GluR1 protein(by Western blot).Results Compared with group S,the escape latency was significantly prolonged at each time point after operation,the frequency of crossing the original platform quadrant and percentage of swimming distance at the original platform quadrant were decreased at 14 and 28 days after operation,and the expression of GluR1 protein and mRNA was down-regulated at 14 days after operation in I/R and IPC groups(P<0.05).Compared with group I/R,the escape latency was significantly shortened at 10-13 days after operation,the percentage of swimming distance at the original platform quadrant and frequency of crossing the original platform quadrant were increased at 14 days after the operation,and the expression of GluR1 protein and mRNA was up-regulated at 14 days after operation in group IPC(P<0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which isoflurane preconditioninig improves the cognitive function is related to up-regulation of the expression of hippocampal GluR1 subunits-containing AMPA receptors in a rat model of focal cerebral I/R.

Objective To investigate the effect of isoflurane preconditioning on rat learning and memory in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and its possible mechanism.Methods Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Daw ley rats w ere randomly divided into a sham operation group, a cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group, and an isoflurane preconditioning group (n=12 in each group). A model of middle cerebral artery occlusion and ischemic-reperfusion w as induced by a modified intraluminal suture method. The rats of the isoflurane preconditioning group inhaled 1.5%isoflurane for 1 hour per day for 5 d. At 24 h after the last preconditioning, a model of MCAO w as made. At 24 h after MCAO, the infarct volume w as detected by using 2,3,5 chlorinated diphenyl tetrazolium staining. At day 1, 3, 7, and 14 after MCAO, the modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) were performed. At day 9 after MCAO, the Morris w ater maze test w as used to evaluate the learning and memory of rats. At day 14, Western blotting w as used to detect the protein expression level of hippocampal tissue glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1) on the side of ischemia. Results No obvious infarcts w ere observed in the rats of the sham operation group. The infarct volume in the isoflurane preconditioning group w as significantly smal er than that of the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group (26.383%±3.128%vs.19.107%±1.661%;P<0.05). No neurological deficit w as observed in the sham operation group (score 0). The mNSS scores at day 1, 3, 7, and 14 after MCAO in the isoflurane preconditioning group w ere decreased significantly (day 1:9.000 ±1.195 vs.11.500 ±1.414;day 3:6.6250 ±1.407 vs.6.625 ±1.407vs.6.625 ±1.407; day 7: 5.875 ±0.707 vs.7.375 ±1.407; and day 14:3.375 ±1.187 vs.5.125 ±1.246;al P<0.05). The Morris w ater maze show ed that the escape latencies at day 1-5 after MCAO in the isoflurane preconditioning group w ere al significantly shorter than those in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group (day 1: 95.992 ±15.734 s vs.103.008 ±11.654 s; day 2: 70.949 ±14.708 s vs. 94.705 ±14.709 s;day 3:39.660 ±7.413 s vs.65.716 ±10.155 s;day 4:22.692 ±5.778 s vs.35.240 ±8.553 s;day 5: 14.906 ±4.336 s vs.22.890 ±10.381 s; al P<0.05). The numbers of crossing platform (4.556 ± 1.333 vs.2.889 ±1.536 ) and the percentages of time spent in the target quadrant ( 33.014%±5.223%vs. 21.978%±6.697%) in the isoflurane preconditioning group w ere significantly increased than in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group (al P<0.01). The levels of hippocampal GluR1 protein on the ischemic sides in the sham operation group, ischemia-reperfusion group, and isoflurane preconditioning group w ere 0.871 ±0.153, 0.456 ±0.130, and 0.689 ±0.126, respectively. There w ere significant differences among the 3 groups ( F=18.329, P<0.001) and the isoflurane preconditioning group w as significantly higher than the ischemia-reperfusion group (P<0.05). Conclusions Isoflurane preconditioning can improve the learning and memory in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats, its mechanism may be associated w ith the uprelagating GluR1 expression in the hippocampus.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics , diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of new diagnosed pri-mary gastric diffuse large B cell lymphoma ( PGDLBCL) and to discuss the efficacy of rituximab .Methods Between Jan 2005 and May 2012 , twenty-six new-diagnosed PGDLBCL patients were reviewed retrospectively .The clinical characteris-tics, diagnosis, therapy, results and prognostic factors were analyzed .Results There were 14 males and 12 females.Their age ranged from 25 to 82 (median, 50.1) years old.The most common symptom was stomachache .Treatment strategies were chemotherapy alone ( n=9) [ scheduled as cyclophosphamide , doxorubicin , vincristine and prednisone ( CHOP) and CHOP-like] and chemotherapy combined with rituximab (n=17), followed by radiotherapy of the stomach with or without regional nodes .All clinical and pathological features were similar between the two groups .The median follow-up time was 40 months.The overall response rate was 100%(9/9)in CHOP group, including 55.56%(5/9) CR, and 93.75%(15/16) in RCHOP group including 50%(8/16) CR (P>0.05).The total PFS and OS of 5 years were 60.3%and 74.4%respectively.The PFS in CHOP group and RCHOP group was 66.7% and 58.9%, respectively,and the OS was 66.7%and 84.6%, respectively.Although the OS of RCHOP group was much better than that of CHOP group , there was no sta-tistically significant difference.Univariate analysis showed that IPI (P<0.05) and Lugano staging (P<0.05) were inde-pendent factors of survival in patients with PGDLBCL .Conclusion Chemotherapy could be the first-line therapy of PGDL-BCL.The overall survival rate might be increased by adding rituximab to chemotherapy .The Lugano stage and IPI are im-portant prognostic factors .

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and adverse effects of the teniposide-based regimen in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Methods Between March 2011 and July 2013, 16 patients with PCNSL were diagnosed and treated. The clinical characteristics, diagnosis,therapy, results and adverse effects were analyzed. Results Totally 16 patients were enrolled and diagnosed as primary central nervous system diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. All patients received teniposide-based regimen chemotherapy and 9 patients received teniposide plus rituximab. The overall response rate was 87.5 % (14/16), including 10 cases of CR and 4 cases of PR. With a median follow-up of 13.5 months, the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates of 2 years were 29.9 % and 66.7 %, respectively. The mainly hematological adverse events were neutropenia, including grade 3 in 4 cases (25 %) and grade 4 just in one case. There was one case of treatment related death. Conclusions The response rate of teniposide-based regimen for PCNSL is promising. The 2 year PFS and OS rates are even higher than results of traditional high-dose methotrexate regimen. The teniposide-based regimen is well tolerated, and the adverse events are acceptable.