To investigate the efficacy and adverse effects of venlafaxine in the treatment of depression, patients were given venlafaxine or amitriptyline for 6 weeks. The efficacy of the drugs were assessed by using HAMD and HAMA at the 4th, 7th, 14th and 42nd day before and after the medication. The adverse effects were evaluated by TESS. Our results showed that the effect time of venlafaxine was (8.52±4.47) d, which was fasler the that of amitriptyline. The effective rate of venlafaxine was 83%, which was faster the that of amitriptyline. but venlafaxine caused less dry mouth, constipation, blurred vusion, tachycardia and anorexia etc. It is concluded that venlafaxine worked faster with less side effect in the treatment of depression as compared with amitriptyline.

Objective To discuss the value of ABCD2 score in predicting medium and long-term prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke.Methods 184 patients with ischemic stroke admitted to department of neurology from March 2014 to December 2014 were selected as the research object.According to the ABCD2 score points prior to admission, the patients were divided into 3 groups: 40 cases in the low risk group, 76 in the moderate group and 68 in the high risk group based on whether or to what extent he was able to do self care.The phone call reviews were made for the clinical symptoms of patients discharged from the hospital after six months..According to the modified Rankin scale classification standard, the patients discharged from the hospital after six months were divided into 2 groups: 126 cases in the self-care group and 56 cases in care-needing group.The groups were compared in terms of conditions.Results The self-care rate in the low risk group was 90.00%, the moderate group 77.63% and the high-risk group 45.59%.The care needing rates in the three groups was 5%, 19.74% and 48.53%, respectively.The care needing rate in the low risk group was obviously lower than that in the moderate-risk group and the high risk group (P<0.05).The care needing rate in the moderate risk group was obviously lower than that in the high risk group (P< 0.05).The self-care rates in the low risk group and the moderate group were higher than that in the high risk group (P<0.05).Conclusion The ABCD2 score has a higher predictive value for medium and long-term prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke.

Objective To investigate the effects of cold exposure with different time courses on cardiovascular function and skeletal muscle contraction in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.Methods The male SD rats were randomly divided into control,12-h cold,24-h cold,and 48-h cold groups.The rats in all cold group were maintained in 4 ℃ environment for indicated time and allowed free access to standard rat chow and water ad libitum.After the animal model was established,the heart,thoracic aorta,soleus,and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) were rapidly isolated from rats under anesthesia and then fixed into the respective organ perfusion system that was connected to physiological recorders and data acquisition system.Lanendorff heart persusion was used to detect some parameters of cardiac function,such as coronary flow (CF),mean left ventricular systolic pressure (mLVSP),mean left ventricular diastolic pressure (mLVDP) and maximum ascending and declining rate of left ventricular pressure (± dp/dt max) ; and then the heart was suffered from 30 min ischemia followed by 60 min reperfusion,the changes of above cardiac function indexes were recorded again.Organ bath method was employed to detect contraction response to potassium chloride (KCl) or phenylephrine (PE) and endothelium-dependent relation responses to acetylcholine (ACh) of aortic rings.The twitch tension,titanic tension,and fatigue test of soleus and EDL were examined by electrical stimulation to reflect contractive function of skeletal muscle.Results The coronary flow (CF) were significantly reduced in 24-h and 48-h cold groups compared to control group [(9.0 ± 1.7) ml/g and (9.8 ± 1.3) ml/g vs (11.6 ± 1.2) ml/g,P ＜ 0.05] ; 48-h cold exposure also showed significantly increased mLVSP (P ＜0.01) and mLVP (P ＜ 0.05) of rats.After ischemia-reperfusion,the heart re-beat time was shorter in all cold exposure groups (all P ＜ 0.01),mLVP and mLVDP were higher in 24-h and 48-h cold group than control group (all P ＜ 0.01).The contraction of aortic rings responses to 60 mmol/L KCl [(0.63 ±0.13) g and (0.79 ±0.11)g vs (1.28±0.17)g,P ＜0.01] and 1 μmol/L PE [(0.62 ±0.18)g and (0.68 ±0.13)g vs (1.25 ± 0.18)g,P ＜ 0.01] were decreased while the endothelium-dependent relaxation responses to low concentration ACh (3 × 10-8 ～ 3 × 10-7) were increased in 24-h and 48-h cold groups relative to control group (all P ＜ 0.05).The 48-h cold also reduced titanic tension of SOL and EDL in comparison with control [(4.14 ± 0.62) N/cm2 vs (5.50 ± 0.75) N/cm2,P ＜ 0.05 and (3.00 ± 0.57) N/ cm2 vs (4.70 ± 0.85) N/cm2,P ＜ 0.01].Conclusions 24 ～ 48 h cold exposure could reduce CF but enhance the tolerance of heart from rats to ischemia reperfusion injury and also decrease the contraction of aortic rings response to KCl or PE but increase the sensitive responses to ACh of aortic rings from rats.The 48-h cold could decrease the contraction of skeletal muscle elicited by electrical stimulation.

Objective To investigate the effects of fasting with different time courses on the contraction of skeletal muscle and cardiovascular function in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.Methods The healthy and male SD rats were randomly divided into (1) control,(2) 12 h fasting,(3) 24 h fasting,and (4) 48 h fasting groups.After animal models of fasting with different time courses were established,the heart,thoracic aorta,soleus,and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) were rapidly isolated from rats under anesthesia and then fixed into the respective organ perfusion system that was connected to physiological recorders and data acquisition system.Langendorff heart perfusion was used to detect some parameters of cardiac function,including left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP),left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP),and maximum ascending and declining rate of left ventricular pressure (± dP/dt max).Then,the heart was suffered from 30 min ischemia followed by 60 min reperfusion,the changes in above cardiac function parameters were recorded again.The contraction response to potassium chloride or phenylephrine and endothelium-dependent relation responses to acetylcholine (ACh) of aortic rings were measured with organ bath.The changes of twitch tension and titanic tension of soleus and EDL were examined to reflect contractive function of skeletal muscle.Results The + dP/dt max was significantly reduced in 24 h and 48 h fasting groups compared to the control (P ＜ 0.01).After ischemia-reperfusion,the heart re-beat time was significantly longer [(24.3 ± 7.0)min vs (14.0 ± 2.9)min,P ＜0.05],both mLVDP and mLVP were significantly higher in 48 h and 24 h fasting groups than control group (P ＜ 0.05),and those changes did not normalized until re-perfusion 60 min.The 48 h fasting increased significantly endothelium-dependent relaxation of aortic rings response to low concentration acetylcholine (P ＜ 0.05),but did not affect the maximum relaxation of aortic rings response to high concentration acetylcholine and contraction of aortic rings responses to potassium chloride and phenylephrine.The 48 h fasting also enhanced significantly titanic tension of soleus compared to the control [(7.01 ± 1.22) N/cm2 vs (5.5 ± 0.75) N/cm2 for48 h-Fasting vs Control,P ＜0.05].Conclusions The 24 ～48 h fasting may induce inhibition of cardiac function,while fasting 48 h can increase the sensitivity of aortic rings responses to ACh and contraction function of soleus in healthy and male rats.

Objective:To conjugate IVIG and MTX to produce a specific cytotoxicity upon phagocytes.Methods :MTX was conjugated with IVIG by indirect conjugating methods. HSA was used as an intermedi-ary to conjugate MTX with IVIG. The indirect immunofluorescence was adopted to test the binding abilityof Fc fragment. MTT assay was used to measure the cytotoxicity of conjugation on phagocytes. Results:Conjugation showed stronger cytotoxicity upon target cells than free MTX,and it showed only less cyto-toxic effect on Fc receptor negative cells compared with the positive ones. The specific cytotoxicity of IVIG-HSA-MTX was significantly stronger than that of MTX. Conclusion: In vitro the conjugation showed ahighly specific cytotoxicity upon phagocytes.

Objective To compare the sensitivity, specificity and consistency of five kits for quantitative detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA. Methods Four domestic fluorescence kits, A, B, C, and D, and Roche Cobas Ampliprep/Cobas TaqMan HBV test for quantitation of HBV DNA in serum, were applied to detect the National Standards, an additional plasma for sensitivity (7 times dilution), 15 plasma samples from healthy blood donor and 45 plasma samples from chronic hepatitis B patients. Results All five kits showed the correct results for the 9 positive specimens and 8 negative specimens from the National Standards. The quantitative results of specimens for sensitivity met requirements of the National Standards. The lowest concentration of HBV DNA by these three kits was 15.6 IU/mL. The lowest detection level of HBV DNA for domestic kit B was ≤500 IU/mL. There was linear correlation between the results by Roche kit and domestic kit C (r> 0.98). Kit D showed 2 false-negatives results in the 15 healthy blood donor samples. The coincidence rates between 4 domestic kits and the Roche kit ranged from 50% to 96% (A: 61%, B: 50%, C: 96%, D: 83 %). The consistency rate of kit C with the Roche kit was significantly higher than those of kit D, A and B (X2=5.62, P<0.05, X2=28. 93, P<0.01, X2=44.31,P<0.01, respectively). The consistency rates among these 5 kits were highest when testing samples with HBV DNA levels between 1×104-1×107 IU/mL. Conclusions The qualities of domestic kits vary remarkably and kit C has the greatest consistency rate with the Roche kit. Therefore, the qualities of domestic kits need to be further improved.

Objective To evaluate anti-HEV IgG and IgM diagnostic kits with sera from convalescent hepatitis E patients and to establish the quantification method of detecting anti-HEV lgG.Methods Detect 42 convalescent serum samples of over 6 months after onset of hepatitis E patients from Jiangsu province with anti-HEV IgM and IgG diagnostic kits. Select and mix the anti-HEV IgG positive sera which were confirmed by Western blot with ORF2 and ORF3 antigen. The mixed serum was calibrated with a WHO anti-HEV Ig standard. A series quantitative linear standard was made for quantitative detection of anti-HEV IgG in hepatitis E vaccine clinical trials phase Ⅲ. Results The positive rates of the anti-HEV IgG di-agnose kits of G, K, MP, Wantai were 71.4%, 78.6%, 92.9% and 100% respectively. The positive rates of G was lower than that of MP (χ~2 = 5.19, P<0.05) and obviously lower than Wantai (χ~2 = 11.76,P<0.01). The positive rates of K was also obviously lower than that of Wantai (χ~2 =7.96, P <0.01).The positive rates of the anti-HEV IgM diagnose kits of MP, G, X, Wantai, K were 21.4%, 7.1%,21.4%, 64.3%, 78.6% respectively. The positive rate of both K and Wantai were obviously higher than that of MP(χ~2 = 15.75 ,P<0.01 ; X2 = 27.43 ,P< 0.01). With the Western blot confirmation test, 30 and 18 sera were reactive to ORF2 and ORF3 antigen separately. The anti-HEV IgG concentration of HEV-D01 mixed by 13 samples was 57.94 U/ml by the calibration. Prepare seven 1.5-fold dilution series of quantita-tive linear standard for HEV vaccine clinical trials phase Ⅲ, concentration range from 0.077 to 0.877 U/ml. The quantitive values of high, medium and low concentrations quality control samples lay in the range of average ± 2s, and the CV of quantitative values were 16%, 16%, 12% respectively. Conclusion The quality of different anti-HEY IgM and IgG diagnose kits were different. This study had set up a set of anti-HEV IgG linear quantitative standard, which fit for detecting anti-HEV IgG antibodies quantitatively in HEVvaccine clinical trial phase Ⅲ.

把社区康复纳入社区卫生服务是“人人享有康复服务”的重要保证,而社区卫生服务康复专业人员的规范化上岗培训是提高社区康复服务质量和可持续发展的关键。北京市在社区卫生服务康复专业人员规范化上岗培训方面已取得一定经验,要搞好此项工作,涉及培训的目的和职称、指导思想、师资队伍、培训基地、组织领导等方面的问题。

ObjectiveTo explore the determinants of average length of stay of three county hospitals and eleven countryside hospitals of Xinjiang province.MethodsRelative data of the county and the countryside hospitals from 2009 to 2010 were collected,and descriptive analysis and rank sum test were employed to explore the determinants of average length of stay.ResultsThe average length of stay of the county hospital was longer than the countryside hospital,the average length of stay had significant differences between the gender,age,and the disease classfication.ConclusionThe average length of stay of the county hospitals and countryside hospitals had difference significantly.