Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of acarbose tablets combined with protamine zinc recombinant lai pulp mixing insulin injection in the treatment of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods 170 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group.85 cases in the observation group were given acarbose tablets combined with protamine zinc recombinant lai pulp mixing insulin injection,85 cases in the control group received aspart 30.The patients were followed up for 12 weeks,the blood glu cose levels,blood glucose fluctuation,glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc),the incidence of hypoglycemia and insulin dosage were observed.Results' The level of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (t =9.92,P ＜ 0.05),2h postprandial blood glucose(2hPG) (t =18.18,P ＜0.05),the mean blood glucose within 4h(t =13.62,P ＜0.05),days of average blood glucose fluctuations (t =14.56,P ＜ 0.05) of observation group dropped significantly compared with that before treatment;HbAlc achieved rate(6.5％)of the observation group and control group were 35.29％,28.23％,re spectively,HbAlc achieved rate (7.0％) of observation group and control group were 57.64％,52.94％,the differences were not statistically significant(all P ＞ 0.05).The dose of insulin was significantly lower in the observation group(20.11 ±3.36) u/d than(35.78 ±4.68) u/d in the control group(t =25.08,P ＜0.01).There were 2 cases of hypoglycemic events and 3 cases in the control group.Conclusion Protamine zinc recombinant insulin lispro injection combined with acarbose has reliable clinical efficacy and safety.

Objective To understand the variation of the DNA double-strand break rejoining capacity among different cultured cancer cell lines and the primary cancer cells from brain cancer patients,and to explore the predictor of radiotherapy responses of cancers. Methods DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) were induced by 60Co γ-irradiation. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to analyze the initial production and rejoining of DNA DSBs. Radiosensitivity was determined by in vitro assay of clonogenic-forming capacity. Results A wide variation of radiosensitivity, e.g. The survival parameter of D0 varied from 0.65 to 2.15 Gy, was displayed among the eight cell lines derived from different type of cancers. Although differential level of initial DNA DSBs induced by 20 Gy γ-rays was observed among various cell lines, it was not correlated with the radiosensitivity. The deficiency of DNA DSB rejoining in radiosensitive cell lines was shown either in the early rapid-rejoining phase (SX-10 cells) or in the late slow-rejoining phase (A2780 cells). A significant relationship was observed between the residual level of DNA DSBs measured at 2 h post-20 Gy irradiation and the cellular radioseusitivity (D0 or SF2). The kinetic curves of rejoining DNA DSBs in the primary human brain tumor cells indicated a variation on DSB rejoining capacity among different individual tumor. The residual level of DNA DSBs after 2 h of rejoining post 20 Gy irradiation in primary human brain tumor cells is compatible to the results obtained in vitro culture cancer cell lines. Conclusions The residual level of DNA DSBs is correlated with radioresistance of cancer cells, and the residual DNA damage is a useful parameter in predicting the response of tumor tissue to radiotherapy.

At present,the AIDS epidemic situation in college students is becoming more and more serious.In view of the particularity of colleges students and the lack of professional team for AIDS prevention and control in colleges and universities,there exists ethical issues when carry out the prevention and control for AIDS in colleges and universities such as the ethical issue in publicity and education,the ethical issue in AIDS behavioral intervention,the ethical issue in the consultation and detection for AIDS.This paper suggests that it should confront the current situation of AIDS prevention and control,improve the professional level of carrying out AIDS prevention and control,adhere to the necessary principles of AIDS prevention and control,and explore a new mode to construct AIDS prevention and control in colleges and universities.

BACKGROUND:Whether plumbum(Pb) exposure induced learning and memory disorder in animals is correlated with the changes of the activity of protein kinase C(PKC) in the brain tissue? OBJECTIVE:To investigate the alterative rules of PKC activity in the brain tissue of rat in development stage under chronic exposure of Pb and its effects on the memory development of the mice. DESIGN:A randomized controlled study employing experimental animals as subjects. SETTING: Cellbiology Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health,China Medical University. MATERIALS:The study was conducted in the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of China Medical University. Totally 72,5- 6 weeks old Kunming mice were selected. METHODS:Lead acetate of different concentration was used to feed female mice after copulation.Fetal mice contacted Pb through breast feeding and drinking water.Fetal mice were executed separately on 1st day(P1),8th day(P8),15th day(P15),22nd day(P22), and 30th day(P30) after birth for brain tissue harvesting.PCK activity in the brain tissue of the mice exposed to Pb was detected in vitro by[γ 32P] ATP.Budding mice were exposed to lead acetate of different concentration for the observation of the effects of Pb in difference concentration on the memory of the mice through memory behavioral training and test by passive avoidance response experiments. RESULTS:PKC activity detection indicated that PKC activity in brain of Pb exposed budding mice during initial growth stage was higher than normal,while it was lower than normal during advanced stage of growth.High concentration Pb had relative stronger inhibition on PKC activity.Memory behavioral training indicated that low concentration Pb would induce elevation of memory curve in the initial stage of the development in mice but reduction of memory curve in middle and long term.The increase of Pb concentration would reduce memory curve. CONCLUSION:Pb has inhibitive effects on the development of PKC activity in brain tissue of mice:the higher the Pb concentration is, the more significant the inhibition is.Low concentration Pb seems to have stimulatory effects on memory in short period while long term exposure to Pb would induce memory inhibition.The inhibitive effect of high concentration Pb is more significant.Pb has certain correlation with PKC activity in brain tissues of budding mice and memory function.

Objective To evaluate efficacy and safety of intravenous chemotherapy combined with TACE in the treatment of gastric cancer with hepatic metastasis.Methods In this study 60 gastric cancer patients with hepatic metastasis were divided into two groups randomly,the trial group (30 cases) took intravenous chemotherapy consisted of docetaxel 60 mg/m2 intravenous drip d1,oxaliplatin 80 mg/m2 intravenous drip d1 followed by 5-fiuorouracil 500 mg/m2 intravenous drip d1-5 after TACE.The control group (30 cases) took the same chemotherapy protocol and one treatment cycle covering 4 weeks.Results The overall response rate in trial group was 53％ and the increase rate of Karnofsky was 70％ while that was 37％ and 40％ respectively in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The median overall survival of trial group was 13 months and which was 8 months in the control group (P ＜ 0.05),meanwhile the toxicities and side reactions of trial group didn't increase notably.Conclusions Intravenous chemotherapy combined with TACE is safe and more effective in the treatment of gastric cancer with hepatic metastasis.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of modified FOLFOX4 program with docetaxel-oxaliplatin-5-fluorouracil (DOF) program as neoadjuvant chemotherapy in stage Ⅲ gastric cancer patients.Methods In 86 cases of stage Ⅲ gastric cancer patients,42 received modified FOLFOX4 chemotherapy,44 cases were treated by DOF program.After two cycles of chemotherapy,the treatment effect and adverse reactions were evaluated.Results The total effectiveness in modified FOLFOX4 group and DOF group was 60％ (25/42) and 68％ (30/44) respectively (P ＞ 0.05).Tumor control rate was 83％ (35/42) and 89％ (39/44) respectively (P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of nausea,vomiting and leukopenia was higher in DOF group than modified FOLFOX4 group (P ＜ 0.05).The D2 lymph node dissection rate between modified FOLFOX4 group and DOF group was 80％ (20/25) and 87％ (26/30) respectively (P ＞ 0.05),the R0 resection rate was 72％ (18/25) and 83％ (25/30) respectively (P ＞ 0.05).In 43 R0 resection patients using FOLFOX4 the median survival time was 38.7 months,1-,3-year survival rate was 90％,and 60％ ; while that in DOF group the median survival time was 39.6 months,1-,3-year survival rate was 95％,and 75％.Multivariate analysis showed that postoperative TNM stage only was an independent risk factor for prognosis.Conclusions TNM stage was the independent risk factor for prognosis of gastric carcinoma patients after radical gastrectomy.

Objective To investigate the effects of bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) transplantation on axonal and glial scarring after spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods Thirty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to a sham operation group (group A),a saline treatment group (group B) or a BMSC treatment group (group C).Group A served as controls,in which the canal was opened without damage to the spinal cord.In groups C and B SCI models were established with aneurysm clips and the rabbits of groups C and B were then given injections of BMSCs and saline solution respectively via the intra-intercostal artery at 1 week post injury.At 1 day,1 week,2 weeks and 4 weeks post injury,Basso Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scores were assessed to evaluate the recovery of locomotor function in the hind limbs.Spinal cord samples were harvested for HE and Nissl staining,and immunohistochemistry and image analysis were used to detect any changes in neurofilament (NF200) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the injured spinal cords.Results The average BBB scores of group A were significantly higher those that of groups B and C at each time point,and those of group C were significantly better than those of group B at the 2nd and 4th week post injury.At the 4th week post injury,HE staining showed there was no glial scarring or cavities in group A,but that there was glial cellular proliferation,glial scarring and cavity formation at the injury site in groups B and C.In group C all were obviously less than in group B.Nissl staining indicated there were more typical neurons in group A,while there were a larger number of ruptured neurons,more degradation,and irregular remaining neurons in groups B and C.These abnormalities were again significantly more prevalent in group C.Immunohistochemical examination showed significant increases in NF200 positive neurons and GFAP in groups B and C compared with group A.The number of NF200 positive neurons was significantly higher in group C than in group B,but the GFAP positive area was significantly smaller in group C than in group B.Conclusion BMSC transplantation via the intercostal arteries can effectively improve axonal regeneration,attenuate glial cellular proliferation and reduce glial scar formation,promoting functional recovery after SCI,at least in rabbits.

AIM: To observe the expression of neuronal Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2 (ARNT2) involved in neuronal apoptosis evoked by low K + and to investigate the relationship between ARNT2 and neuronal apoptosis. METHODS: After neuron apoptosis model was established, the changes of mRNA and protein of ARNT2 during apoptosis were investigated by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Immunofluorescence was analyzed by confocal microscopy to probe the subcellular localization of ARNT2. RESULTS: Induced by low K +, the expression of ARNT2 mRNA was up-regulated obviously at the point of 30 min, and peaks at the point of 1 h. This up-regulated expression lasted for 12 h, and the variation of ARNT2 protein was similar to that of mRNA. The results of immunofluorescence analyzed by confocal microscopy showed that the localization of ARNT2 protein was in the nucleus. CONCLUSION: ARNT2 locate in nuclei of normal cerebellar granule neurons of rat. During the process of apoptosis evoked by low K +, both mRNA and protein of ARNT2 are overexpressed.

Objective To discuss the value of the posterior long segments pedicle screws fixation in surgical treatment of thoracolumbar fracture-dislocation,and summarize the experience.Method s We reviewed the clinical information of 27 cases of thoracolumbar fracture-dislocation since July 2007 to March 2010; all the cases were treated with the posterior long segments pedicle screws fixation.In these cases,20were male,7 were female.And the age ranged from 18 to 58 years old (average age was 35 years).The posterior approach was used,and the pedicle screws were inserted into the 2 vertebrae above and below the fractured vertebrae.Posterior decompression and bone grafts for fusion were also accomplished during the operation.Results Follow-up ranged from 7 to 25 months,averaging 14 months.Completely restoration of the dislocation was got in 25 cases and the spine sequence resumed to nearly normal.One case with lateral dislocation failed to complete correction; another 1 case operated 20 days after surgery failed to complete correction of forward dislocation.At the last follow-up,the mean Cobb angle loss was 3 degrees,the height of the vertebral had obvious loss compared with that of post-operation.The loosen of screw nut was found during the follow-up,but no dislocation and secondary deformity were observed after fixation.There was no death,no infection.Conclusions The technique of posterior long segments pedicle screw fixation is of great value in the clinical applications,since it has the following advantages:the operation is simple,trauma is small,the fixation is firm,good restoration of fracture and dislocations can be easily got,and most importantly,it can effectively prevent long-term vertebral height loss and the backward protruding deformity.