Objective To investigate the correlation between plasma homoeysteine (HCY) level and coronary-heart disease (CHD). Methods 117 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD group) and 50 healthy controls (control group) were involved in the investigation. Plasma total HCY level was measured with enzymatic cycling assay. According to the clinical types, CHD cases were divide dinto stable angina pectoris (SAP) group (n = 35), unstable angina pectoris (UAP) group (n = 39) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) group (n=43). Based on coronary angiography, the CHD cases were further divided into single-vessel (n = 31 ), double-vessel (n = 40) and triple-vessel (n = 46) groups. Results 1 ) Plasma HCY level was significantly higher in CHD group than that in control group (P<0. 01). 2) Plasma HCY level was associated with clinical types, higherst in AMI group, followed by that of UAP group, SAP group, healthy control group. There was statistical difference of HCY level between SAP group and UAP group, SAP group and AMI group, UAP group and AMI group (P<0. 01). 3) Plasma HCY level was gradually elevated in single-vessel, double-vessel and tri- ple-vessel group. There was statistical difference of HCY level between single-vessel group or double- vessel group and triple-vessel group (P<0.01). There was significant difference between single-vessel group and double-vessel group (P>0.05). Conclusion Plasma HCY level is elevated in patients with CHD, and elevated HCY is associated with increased number of stenotic coronary arteries. As a risk factor for CHD, HCY is closely associated with the occurrence and development of CHD.

Objective To investigate the relationship between HBV genotypes and YMDD motif mutations or BCP mutations in Xiangtan of Hunan Province. Methods HBV genotypes, YMDD motif mutations and BCP mutations were analyzed in 952 HBV infected patients. Results HBV genotyping showed that 698 HBV type B patients and 115 HBV type C patients accounted for 73.32% and 12.08% respectively of all the participants. The rest 139( 14.60% )were genotype B and C mixed infection( B + C ). The analysis of YMDD motif mutations showed that 844 YMDD wild-type which accounted for 88.66% of all the subjects and the remainder were YMDD mutation types, of which 54( 5.67% ) carried YVDD, 53( 5.57% ) YIDD,and 1 YVDD and YIDD mixed infection. Basic Core Promoter mutations showed that 1762A/1764G ( wild type )accounted for 70.59% and 1762T/1764A( mutant ) accounted for 19.75%. The rest 92 patients were 1762T/1764A and 1762A/1764G mixed infection. This study showed no significant difference in the rate of YMDD mutation( 10.04% vs 10.43% ,χ2 =0.017,P＞0.05 ) ,but a significant difference in the types of YMDD mutation(χ2 = 4.836, P ＜ 0.05 )between HBV types B and C. The YVDD mutation was more commonly seen in genotype C( 9.57% ) than in genotype B( 5.88% ). The BCP mutation rate showed a significant difference( 27.36% vs 46.09%, χ2 = 16.478, P ＜ 0.01 ). Genotype C was more frequent than genotype B. The BCP mutation rate showed no significant difference between YMDD Wild-type and YMDD mutation types( 28.67% vs 35.51%, χ2 = 2.139, P ＞ 0.05 ), but most of BCP mutations happened in YVDD mutant type( 61.11% ). Conclusions ( 1 ) The predominant HBV genotypes in Xiangtan were genotype B and genotype C, the major genotype was type B, which display the characteristics of epidemiology in Southern China. ( 2 ) Determination of HBV genotypes before lamivudine therapy was probably not an important pretreatment investigation to predict antiviral responses. ( 3 ) Detection of HBV genotypes, YMDD motif mutations and BCP mutations will contribute to the correct evaluation of prognosis and timely proper management of HBV patients.

Objective To investigate the molecular epidemiology and infectious risk factors of linezolid-resistant Enterococci (LRE) isolates in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University.Methods Thirteen LRE isolates were collected from 2011 to 2013 and confirmed by broth dilution susceptibility testing.The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of twelve antimicrobial agents were analyzed using Vitek 2 compact.The molecular epidemiology of LRE isolates was determined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and the Diversilab.A casecontrol study was conducted for the analysis of risk factors, and Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the independent risk factors.Results All thirteen LRE isolates showed low-level resistance to linezolid, and most of these isolates were resistant to tetracycline, erythromycin and ciprofloxacin.However, they had high sensitivity to penicillin, ampicillin and tigecycline.Sequence type 480 was predominant in the hospital, and three isolates (isolates 3, 4, and 5) from July to September 2013 were found to have the same ST, PFGE pattern and rep-PCR group, indicating the same resistance clone.Admission to intensive care unit (ICU), peripheral vascular disease, males, hypoalbuminaemia, enema and linezolid therapy were identified as significant risk factors for LRE infections.Among these factors, admission to ICU, enema and linezolid therapy were independent risk factors for the acquisition of LRE.Conclusions Thirteen LRE isolates collected in the hospital showed a multidrug-resistant phenotype, and a small-scale prevalence was detected from 2011 to 2013.Therefore, attention should be paid to monitor the LRE in the hospital to decrease the prevalence of LRE infections.

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Objective To explore diagnostic value of the serum and urine procalcitonin (PCT) detecting in the urinary system infection.Methods The serum and urine PCT levels in 45 urinary system infection patients with clear pathological diagnosis (exclude other system infections) who were outpatiented or hospitalized in the People's Hospital of Zhongshan between March and November 2016 (including 21 cases of upper urinary tract infection and 24 cases of lower urinary tract infection) and 35 healthy adults who went through physical examinations at the hospital during the same period,were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) on Cobase 601 Immunoassay Analyzer and analyzed to compare the differences of PCT levels in the three groups.Results The urine PCT level in upper urinary tract infection group was 0.243± 0.123 ng/ml.It was significantly lower than lower urinary tract infection group (0.486±0.232 ng/ml,t=4.11,P=0.000) and control group (0.454± 0.253 ng/ml,t=3.96,P=0.000).The serum PCT level in upper urinary tract infection group was 0.062±0.014 ng/ml.It was obviously higher than that in lower urinary tract infection group (0.043±0.020 ng/ml,t=3.56,P=0.01) and control group (0.032±0.013 ng/ml,t=7.38,P=0.000).In all groups,the urine PCT levels were significantly higher than their serum PCT levels (t =9.48,9.12,6.79,P＜ 0.01),and significant differences were observed in them.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of serum PCT for diagnosing upper urinary tract infections were 81.5％,84.2％,80.6％ and 85.6％ respectively,and the urine PCT were 86.4％,80.7％,88.4 ％ and 83.1 ％ respectively.Conclusion Detection of serum and urine PCT has important accessory diagnostic value for identifying upper and lower urinary tract infections.

Sauropunol A-D potentially with anti-inflammatory,anti-bacterial activities were recently isolated from traditional Chinese medicinal plant Sauropus rostratus.Herein,we report the total synthesis of sauropunol (A-D) starting from a commercially available 2-deoxy-D-arabino-hexopyranose.The trifluoromethane sulfonation of intermediates could simultaneously trigger intramolecular cyclization to afford 3,6-anhydro hexofuranoside scaffold.The following deprotection reaction could produce sauropunol A,B and C/D with total yields of 21％,5％,and 17％ (isomer sauropunol C/D),respectively.Structures of the target compounds were confirmed by comparison with NMR spectroscopic properties of those previously reported.

Objective To study the values of quantitative parameters of DCE-MRI in diagnosis of benign and malignant liver tumors and to explore its diagnostic efficacy.Methods Consecutive 25 patients with benign or malignant liver tumors underwent plain scanning and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI,and total 28 lesions were confirmed by pathology or follow-up.The DCE-MRI quantitative parameters (Ktrans ,Kep ,Ve and iAUC)of the lesions and the surrounding normal liver tissue were acquired.The inde-pendent sample t test was used to compare the quantitative parameters between different tumors.The optimal parameters values of benign and malignant liver tumors were determined by plotting ROC curves.Results The mean quantitative parameters of HCC and benign lesions were larger than those of the surrounding normal liver tissue.Ktrans ,Kep and iAUC between HCC and surrounding nor-mal liver tissue had significant differences (P <0.05),Ktrans and iAUC between benign lesions and surrounding normal liver tissue had a significant difference (P <0.05).Ktrans ,Kep and iAUC between HCC and benign lesions had significant differences (P <0.05). The diagnostic effectiveness of Ktrans = 0.21 5 min-1 ,with sensitivity of 81.3% and specificity of 66.7%,was greater than that of Kep =0.477 and iAUC=24.706.Conclusion The DCE-MRI quantitative analysis can provide a reference for the differential diagnosis of HCC from benign liver tumors.

Objective We increase the soluble expression of artificial tandem hybrid ubiquitin binding domains ( ThUBD) in prokaryotic cytoplasm of Escherichia coli BL21 ( DE3 ) , which offer an effective and special profiling for ubiquitin conjugates( UbC) .Methods Codon optimization of the ThUBD was performed, followed by analysis of codon relative adaptiveness based on relative frequency of synonymous codon ( RFSC) of E.coli.Further induced expression and yeast ubiquitin conjugate enrichment quantified the soluble ThUBD-S and tested the ability to bind UbC.Results The statistical result showed that the percentage of codon of the highest usage frequency was increased from 48%to 75%, and codon adaptation index( CAI) was increased from 0.63 to 0.88 after codon optimization, which might suggest a higher expression of the ThUBD in E.coli BL21 (DE3).The subsequent SDS-PAGE indicated that the soluble target protein was increased four times, which accounted for 13.06%of total cell lysis.Further ubiquitinated proteome of yeast demonstrated that the ability to bind and enrich UbC of optimized ThUBD-S did not change compared with original ThUBD.Conclusion The expression of ThUBD-S can quadruple after codon optimization.At the same time, codon optimization does not impact its soluble expression and the ability to bind UbC.

Aim To study and compare the pharmaco-kinetic parameters of roxithromycin under normoxic and hypoxic rats. Methods A highly effective and rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry ( UPLC-MS/MS) method with posi-tive electrospray ionization source was successfully de-veloped and validated for quantification of roxithromy-cin in rat plasma. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the hypoxia and normoxic groups. Each rat obtained a single dose of roxithromycin with 10 mg · kg-1 via intragastric administration. The pharmacoki-netic parameter comparison between normoxic and hy-poxic groups was calculated by SPSS software using in-dependent sample t test method. Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of roxithromycin between the normoxic and hypoxic rats were:the AUC(0-t) 7 576 and 3 761 μg·h·L-1 , MRT(0-t) 5. 6 and 7. 7 h, T1/2 3. 4 h and 3. 9 h, CL 1. 5 and 3. 0 L · h-1 · kg-2 , tmax3. 1 and 3. 4 h, Cmax 1 116 and 372 μg·L-1 , re-spectively. The levels of Cmax and AUC of roxithromy-cin in hypoxic rats were statistically lower than those in normoxic rats. Conclusion The exposure level of rox-ithromycin in hypoxic rats markedly decreased. Our re-sults may provide an important experimental basis to adjust the dosage for roxithromycin in hypoxic clinical practice.

Objective To develop an accurate,rapid,high throughout genotyping method based on oligonucleotide microarray for cytochrome P450 gene polymorphisms related to paclitaxel metabolism.Methods The mutant points of 2C8 * 3,3A4 * 18 and 3A5 * 3C from cytochrome P450 gene were regarded as targets.Based on the sequences in the GenBank,the wild-type and mutant-type probes were specially designed for each mutant point.PCR primers were located in the both sides of mutant point,and furthermore the fragments of PCR products were less than 200 bp.Each type of standard plasmids was constructed.Thus,all the olignucleotide probes were modified with 3'amino-group,and the reverse primers were labeled with fluorescein (Cy3).The probes were immobilized onto certain glass slides.The specific fragments of three genes were amplified and then hybridized with oligonucleotide microarray.The results were analyzed by using certain software.Finally this assay was applied to detect 50 clinical blood specimens.Results When PCR products from standard plasmids were hybridized with DNA microarray,the corresponding probes produced positive signals.Meanwhile,the non-specific hybridization signals did not appear.The results of clinical specimens showed that the mutant rate of CYP2C8 * 3 was 2%.The point of CYP3A4 * 18 for all the clinical specimens was wild-type and the mutant rate of CYP3A5 * 3C was 62%. Meanwhile,the results from detecting 50 clinical blood specimens using oligonucleotide microarray were the same as sequencing analysis.Conclusions Oligonucleotide microarray is a reliable and accurate genotyping assay for cytochrome P450 2C8 * 3.3A4 * 18 and 3A5 * 3C polymorphisms related to paclitaxel simultaneously.This genotyping assay is a high-throughout method for guiding personalized therapy and analyzing metabolism of paclitaxel in vivo.