OBJECTIVETo investigate the occupational health condition in a shipyard in Guangzhou, China, and to provide a basis for improving the working environment.

METHODSThe monitoring data on occupational harmful factors in the workplace and the data on health examination of the workers were analyzed, and the occupational health condition in the shipyard was evaluated with the related occupational health standards.

RESULTSExcept benzene, toluene, and electromagnetic radiation, the dust (2.02%), grinding wheel dust (3.85%), wood dust (2 out of 4 workers exceeded the standard), welding fume (16.85%), manganese dioxide (17.98%), dimethylbenzene (8.00%), and noise (53.20%) were all out of limits to different degrees. The health examination results of 2450 workers in the shipyard showed that the respiratory impairment of dust-exposed workers (3.19%) and the hearing impairment of noise-exposed workers (12.21%) were comparatively severe.

CONCLUSIONThe occupational health condition in this shipyard is not good. In order to protect the workers from health hazards, it is urgent and necessary to improve the working environment and strengthen the personal protective measures.

Air Pollutants ; Benzene ; China ; Construction Industry ; Dust ; Humans ; Noise ; Occupational Diseases ; Occupational Exposure ; Occupational Health ; Ships ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Welding ; Workplace

Aim To study and compare the pharmaco-kinetic parameters of roxithromycin under normoxic and hypoxic rats. Methods A highly effective and rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry ( UPLC-MS/MS) method with posi-tive electrospray ionization source was successfully de-veloped and validated for quantification of roxithromy-cin in rat plasma. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the hypoxia and normoxic groups. Each rat obtained a single dose of roxithromycin with 10 mg · kg-1 via intragastric administration. The pharmacoki-netic parameter comparison between normoxic and hy-poxic groups was calculated by SPSS software using in-dependent sample t test method. Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of roxithromycin between the normoxic and hypoxic rats were:the AUC(0-t) 7 576 and 3 761 μg·h·L-1 , MRT(0-t) 5. 6 and 7. 7 h, T1/2 3. 4 h and 3. 9 h, CL 1. 5 and 3. 0 L · h-1 · kg-2 , tmax3. 1 and 3. 4 h, Cmax 1 116 and 372 μg·L-1 , re-spectively. The levels of Cmax and AUC of roxithromy-cin in hypoxic rats were statistically lower than those in normoxic rats. Conclusion The exposure level of rox-ithromycin in hypoxic rats markedly decreased. Our re-sults may provide an important experimental basis to adjust the dosage for roxithromycin in hypoxic clinical practice.

OBJECTIVETo investigate noise hazard and its influence on hearing loss in workers in the automotive component manufacturing industry.

METHODSNoise level in the workplace of automotive component manufacturing enterprises was measured and hearing examination was performed for workers to analyze the features and exposure levels of noise in each process, as well as the influence on hearing loss in workers.

RESULTSIn the manufacturing processes for different products in this industry, the manufacturing processes of automobile hub and suspension and steering systems had the highest degrees of noise hazard, with over-standard rates of 79.8% and 57.1%, respectively. In the different technical processes for automotive component manufacturing, punching and casting had the highest degrees of noise hazard, with over-standard rates of 65.0% and 50%, respectively. The workers engaged in the automotive air conditioning system had the highest rate of abnormal hearing ability (up to 3.1%).

CONCLUSIONIn the automotive component manufacturing industry, noise hazard exceeds the standard seriously. Although the rate of abnormal hearing is lower than the average value of the automobile manufacturing industry in China, this rate tends to increase gradually. Enough emphasis should be placed on the noise hazard in this industry.

Automobiles ; China ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced ; epidemiology ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Manufacturing Industry ; Noise, Occupational ; adverse effects ; Occupational Exposure ; Occupations ; Workplace

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of intratympanic dexamethasone or methylprednisolone on treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss. METHOD: Forty-seven subjects received an at least 7-day dexamethasone(5 g/L/d) or methylprednisolone (40 g/L/d) course. Pure-tone averages (PTA) of pre-injection and post-injection at 4-frequency (500, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000 Hz) were compared. More than 10 dB HL of improvement in PTA was considered to be clinically significant. RESULT: PTA of pre-injection and post-injection were (71.59 +/- 27.66) dB HL and (53.44 +/- 30.10) dB HL respectively in 24 patients with intratympanic dexamethasone. There was significant improvement in PTA (P<0.01), 1.67% of patients showed improvement in hearing. PTA of preinjection and post-injection were (68.64 +/- 25.21) dB HL and (55.76 +/- 26.42) dB HL respectively in 23 patients with intratympanic methylprednisolone. There was significant improvement in PTA (P<0.01), 43% of patients showed improvement in hearing. There was no significant difference in PTA between intratympanic dexamethasone and methylprednisolone. After dexamethasone injection, evident improvement was accomplished in 11 cases who underwent treatment with other therapy (systemic steroids, vasodilator agent, or high-pressure-oxygen therapy) (P<0.05); PTA showed significant improvement in 13 cases with only intratympanic dexamethasone(P< 0.05). After methylprednisolone injection, evident improvement was accomplished in 17 cases who underwent treatment with other therapy (P<0.01); PTA decreased but had no significance in 6 cases with only intratympanic methyl-prednisolone(P>0.05). No unexpected adverse events such as otitis media, perforated tympanic membrane and worsening in hearing occurred during the injection or follow-up period. CONCLUSION Intratympanic dexamethasone or methylprednisolone can be beneficial in treatment on patient with sudden sensorineural hearing loss, however, there was no significant difference in the effect between dexamethasone and methylprednisolone. Dexamethasone is recommended to use as favorable drug for intratympanic application that could be primary therapy in treatment on sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
Adult ; Aged ; Dexamethasone ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Ear, Middle ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sudden ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Methylprednisolone ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To discuss the application of endoscopic ultrasound-guided needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy ( EUS-nCLE) in the diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasms. Methods Patients with pancreatic neoplasms were diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasonography and punctured by 19 G needle, and then the confocal microprobe was implanted through the needle. The lesions nature was estimated according to obtained images. The diagnostic yield and complication was evaluated and compared with pathology. Results A total of 28 patients successfully underwent EUS-nCLE, and high quality images were obtained in all patients. The final diagnosis were 5 cases of serous cystadenoma ( SCN ) , 3 cases of mucinous cystadenoma, 3 cases of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms ( IPMN) , 1 case of pseudocyst, 10 cases of ductal adenocarcinoma, 1 case of neuroendocrine tumor, 2 cases of solid pseudopapillary tumor, 2 cases of chronic pancreatitis, and 1 cases of lymphoma. The diagnostic yield in 26 patients with pathology was 73. 1%(19/26) and the specificity of SCN and IPMN was 100%(7/7). The complications, mostly pancreatitis and intracystic hemorrhage, occurred in 10. 7% ( 3/28) patients. Conclusion EUS-nCLE is a safe and feasible method in the diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasms, and shows high specificity in SCN and IPMN.

In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has become a new hot spot in the field of cancer treatment. Besides the great success of immunological checkpoint inhibitors and cellular immunotherapy, small molecule immunotherapy has also attracted more and more attention. As a key signal transduction molecule involved in the innate immune response, stimulator of interferon genes plays an important role in defending against viral and intracellular bacterial infections, mediating type I IFN production and regulating the production of spontaneous anti-tumor immune responses in vivo. This paper briefly introduces the biological mechanism of STING signaling pathway and reviews the research progress of STING agonists based on the structural classification, so as to provide some reference for the design and discovery of STING agonist drugs.

Objective:To establish a set of scientific and reasonable indicator system of common prosperity in the field of health, so as to promote the construction and evaluation of the demonstration area of common prosperity with high quality of health.Methods:According to the requirements of promoting common prosperity demonstration area with high quality of health in Zhejiang province, the initial indicator pool was established through literature research and theoretical analysis in July 2021, and experts were convened to carry out expert brainstorming to determine indicator system in the form of meetings. Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of expert consultation on the indicator system.Finally, the analytic hierarchy process and percentage weight method were used to calculate the indicator weight value.Results:The final indicator system included 4 first-level indicators and 30 second-level indicators. Among the first-level indicators, the weight values of the development, equilibrium, inclusiveness, and sustainability were 0.326 4, 0.242 8, 0.245 8, and 0.185 0. There were 8 second-level indicators in developmental indicator dimension, of which the indicator with the highest weight was the per capita health expectancy. The balance indicator dimension included 6 second-level indicators, of which the indicator with the highest weight was the per capita financing difference of basic medical insurance between the urban workers with the urban-rural residents. The inclusive indicator dimension included 6 second-level indicators, and the proportion of personal health expenditure to total health expenditure had the highest weight. The sustainability indicator dimension included 10 second-level indicators, and the proportion of government health expenditure in fiscal expenditure had the highest weight.Conclusions:The indicator system constructed in this research could provide certain guidance and reference for promoting the construction of common prosperity in health, and provide some reference for follow-up research in this field.

Objective To comapre and analyze the differences and commonalities of expression profiles of serum exosomal microRNA between patients with thyroid nodules and healthy persons at different iodine levels,and then provide evidence for screening early diag-nostic markers of thyroid nodules at different iodine levels.Methods The peripheral blood samples from 10 patients with thyroid nod-ules and healthy volunteers at different iodine levels were collected.Their serum iodine levels were measured by the arsenic cerium cat-alytic spectrophotometry.Serum exosomal microRNA were extracted and the expression levels of microRNA were determined by the high-throughput sequencing technology.The differential target genes were predicted and further performed Gene ontology(GO)analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis.Results Compared with healthy volunteers,there were 6 downreg-ulated miRNAs in the patients with thyroid nodules at different iodine levels,namely miR-324-5p,miR-6511b-3p,miR-9903,miR-550a-3p,miR-5001-3p,and miR-3688-3p.Differentially expressed exosomal microRNA could regulate the MAPK signaling path-way,PI3K-AKT signaling pathway,VEGF signaling pathway,and NF-κB signaling pathway.Conclusion Six differentially expressed microRNAs is identified,which may serve as biological markers for the early diagnosis of thyroid nodules at different iodine levels.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the relationship between occupational noise exposure and hearing loss among workers in large automobile manufacturing enterprise during 2006-2010 in Guangzhou, China.

METHODSA retrospective cohort study was conducted. The subjects were divided into noise exposure group and control group. Their hearing examination results and noise exposure levels in different workplaces were collected during 2006-2010, and the relationship between noise exposure in workplaces and hearing loss was analyzed.

RESULTSThe incidence of hearing loss for the noise exposure group was 9.34%, versus 2.75% for the control group; the noise exposure group had a significantly higher risk of hearing loss than the control group (R = 3.378, 95%CI = 1.467∼ 9.083). The noise intensity and over-limit rate were significantly higher in the stamping, welding, and general assembly workshops than in other workshops. The risk of hearing loss significantly increased with years of noise exposure in 80, 85, and 90 dB (A) groups (χ(2) = 6.377, P = 0.041; χ(2) = 8.570, P = 0.014; χ(2) = 7.037, P = 0.030). The risk of hearing loss also increased with noise intensity in all working age groups (χ(2) = 5.068, P = 0.024; χ(2) = 71.497, P < 0.01; χ(2) = 24.226, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONNoise exposure increases the risk of noise-induced hearing loss in workers. The incidence of hearing loss increases with the noise intensity in workplaces and years of noise exposure. The noise exposure level and incidence of hearing loss are higher in the stamping workshop than in other workshops. Controlling the noise intensity in automobile manufacturing enterprise may reduce the risk of hearing loss in workers.

Adult ; Automobiles ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Noise, Occupational ; Occupational Exposure ; Occupations ; Retrospective Studies ; Workplace ; Young Adult

Hormonal receptor positive human epidermal receptor 2 negative (HR⁺/HER2^-) is the commonest molecular subtype of breast cancer (BC). Patients with HR⁺/HER2^- BC may manifest clinically a late recurrence whose BC metastasizes 10-15 years post-operatively. We report one case who presented with pulmonary mass in upper lobe of lung and Horner syndrome 16 years after BC surgery. FDG PET/CT suggested pulmonary malignancy but could not differentiate between primary or metastatic cancer when invasive biopsy was quite risky. Novel ¹⁸F-FES PET/CT facilitated the non-invasive functional diagnosis of estrogen-receptor positive (ER+) pulmonary metastasis of BC, and the patient experienced partial response (PR) after CDK4/6 inhibitor and aromatase inhibitor as endocrine therapy. This article reviews the diagnosis and treatment process of this case, to provide guidance for non-invasive global evaluation of ER status among metastatic HR⁺/HER2^- BC patients with ¹⁸F-FES PET/CT.