Objective To investigate the efficacy of varying doses of methylprednisolone(MP)on mice with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD)induced with influenza A virus(IAV).Methods Mouse model of COPD was established using LPS combined with smoking for 12 weeks,and then these COPD mice were treated with administration of 40 μL IAV via nasal drip to establish a AECOPD model.A total of 15 AECOPD mice were randomly divided into low-,medium-and high-dose MP groups,oseltamivir group and blank group.The body weight and survival time were monitored within 10 d after IAV infection.On days 1,3,and 5 post-treatment,lung function was assessed using whole-body plethysmography(WBP),inflammatory factors in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)were quantified with ELISA,viral titers in BALF were determined using plaque assays,and colony-forming units were evaluated with blood agar plates.Immunofluorescence analysis:① Pulmonary immunofluorescence assay:Mice were randomly categorized into(n=4):LPS 1-day group,LPS 3-day group,and LPS+MP treatment group.All groups received an initial dose of LPS via atomization;subsequently,the LPS+MP treatment group received a single gavage dose of MP.Lung tissues were harvested from the 1-day LPS group on 1 d post-treatment,and from the 3-day LPS and LPS+MP groups on 3 d for immunofluorescence staining.② Cellular immunofluorescence assay:Mouse bone marrow neutrophils were classified into blank control(no intervention),LPS stimulation(LPS group),MP intervention with LPS stimulation(LPS+MP group),and MP intervention alone(MP group).The above cells were collected in 4 h after corresponding interventions for subsequent cellular immunofluorescence analysis.Results ①The medium-dose MP group demonstrated the most significant improvement in survival rate,weight recovery,and lung function when compared to other groups(P＜0.05).② Treatment of medium-dose MP obviously reduced the levels of IL-6 and neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)(P＜0.05),while,elevated inflammatory factors and NETs were observed in the high-dose MP group on day 5 post-treatment.③ Notable decline in the lung injury score was found in the medium-dose MP group than the other groups(P＜0.05).④The high-dose MP group exhibited substantial bacterial proliferation and delayed viral clearance since day 5 after treatment.Conclusion Medium-dose MP shows best efficacy in treatment of IAV-induced AECOPD,and the dose neither delays viral clearance nor increases the risk of bacterial infection following viral infection.

Objective:In this study, the collected mosquito samples were subjected to viral isolation to identify the species and branch characteristics of arboviruses in five regions of Shanxi Province.Methods:Eight arboviruses in mosquito samples collected from July to September 2020 were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, and virus isolation was carried out through cell culture. Virus isolates were identified and analyzed by molecular biology and bioinformatics method.Results:We detected 1 batch of positive samples of Japanese encephalitis virus, 2 batches of positive samples of Culex flavivirus and 8 batches of positive samples of Nam Dinh virus among 121 batches of mosquito samples. Seven virus isolates were isolated, numbered: SX-YJ-Cxp-4、SX-YJ-Ars-2、SX-YJ-Cxp-1、SX-LY-Cxp-10、SX-GP-Ars-5、SX-GP-Cxp-2、SX-GP-Cxp-4, all of which were identified as Nam Dinh virus, and the whole genome sequencing was performed on one of them, and the result showed that Shanxi Nam Dinh virus isolate and Yunnan Nam Dinh virus isolate belonged to the same evolutionary branch.Conclusions:Nam Dinh virus was isolated and identified on the specimen from Shanxi province for the first time.

Objective To observe the changes of optic disc structure and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL) in patients with different degrees of Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods Thirty eyes of 30 patients with primary PD and 20 eyes of 20 healthy subjects (control group) in Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from October 2016 to October 2017 were enrolled in this study.The patients were divided into mild to moderate PD group (15 eyes of 15 patients) and severe PD group (15 eyes of 15 patients).All the patients underwent OCT examination.The optic disc area,cup area,C/D area ratio,rim volume,disc volume,cup volume,rim area,C/D area,linear C/D,vertical C/D,the thickness of average RNFL,superior,inferior,temporal upper (TU),superior temporal (ST),superior nasal (SN),nasal upper (NU),nasal lower (NL),inferior nasal (IN),inferior temporal (IT),temporal lower (TL) quadrant RNFL thickness.Analysis of variance was performed for comparison among three groups.Minimum significant difference t test was performed for comparison between two groups.Results Optic disc structure parameters:there was no significant difference in the area of optic disc between the three groups (F=1.226,P＞0.05).The other optic disc parameters were significantly different in the three groups (F=5.221,5.586,6.302,5.926,5.319,5.404,5.861,6.603;P＜ 0.05).The cup area,cup volume,C/D area,linear C/D,vertical C/D of the mild to moderate PD group and severe PD group were higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05).The cup area,cup volume,C/D area,linear C/D,vertical C/D of the severe PD group were higher than those of mild to moderate PD group (P＜ 0.05),the rim area,rim volume and disc volume of the severe PD group were smaller than that of mild to moderate PD group (P＜ 0.05).The thickness of RNFL:there was no significant difference between the three groups of ST,SN,NU and NL (F=3.586,2.852,2.961,2.404;P＞0.05).The average thickness of RNFL,TU,IN,IT and TL in patients of the mild to moderate PD group and severe PD group were less than that in the control group (P＜0.05).The thickness of the average RNFL,TU,IN,IT and TL in patients of the severe PD group were less than that in the mild to moderate PD group (P＜0.05).With the increase of PD severity,the RNFL of TL and TU thinned most significantly.Conclusions With the increase of the severity of PD,the optic disc structure and RNFL thickness changes obviously,showing reduced optic disc area and volume,enlarged cup area and volume significantly enlarged C/D ratio.The average RNFL thickness of PD patients is significantly thinner than that of the controls,and it is the most obvious in the TU and TL quadrant.

Objective To observe the macular retinal thickness and volume in patients with different degrees of Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods Thirty eyes of 30 patients with primary PD and 20 eyes of 20 healthy subjects (control group) in Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from October 2016 to October 2017 were enrolled in this study.There were 17 males and 13 females,with the mean age of 63.2±6.4 years and disease course of 3.9± 2.4 years.The patients were divided into mild to moderate PD group (15 eyes of 15 patients) and severe PD group (15 eyes of 15 patients).The macular area was automatically divided into 3 concentric circles by software,which were foveal area with a diameter of 1 mm (inner ring),middle ring of 1 to 3 mm,and outer ring of 3 to 6 mm.The middle and outer ring were divided into 4 quadrants by 2 radiations,respectively.The changes of retinal thickness and macular volume of the macular center and its surrounding quadrants were analyzed.SPSS 16.0 software was used for statistical analysis.One-way ANOVA were used to analyze all data.Results Compared with the control group,the retinal thickness and volume in macular center and each quadrant of the mild to moderate PD group and severe PD group were reduced.Compared with the mild to moderate PD group,the retinal thickness and volume in macular center and each quadrant of the severe PD group were reduced.The differences of retinal thickness and macular volume among 3 groups were significant (F=5.794,5.221,5.586,5.302,5.926,5.319,5.404,5.261,5.603;P=0.001,0.007,0.003,0.005,0.000,0.004,0.004,0.006,0.002).In inner ring of the mild to moderate PD group and the severe PD group,the retinal thickness and macular volume in the upper and the nasal were the largest,the inferior was followed,and the temporal was the smallest.In outer ring of the mild to moderate PD group and the severe PD group,the retinal thickness and macular volume in the nasal was the largest,the upper was the second,the temporal and the inferior were the smallest.Conclusions The retinal thickness and volume of the macular central fovea and its surrounding areas in PD patients are significantly thinner than that in the healthy subjects.And with the increase of the severity of PD,the macular structure changes obviously,showing macular center and its surrounding macular degeneration thin,macular volume reduced.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of lumbosacral plexus block combined with the use of dexmedetomidine in elderly patients undergoing proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA).Methods A total of 60 patients received elective PFNA were divided into tracheal intubation combined with inhalation anesthesia group (group G) and ultrasound and nerve stimulator-guided lumbosacral plexus block following with dexmedetomidine infusion group (group N).Then we observed HR,SBP,DBP for both groups at the time entering the theater (T0),immediately after tracheal intubation or after dexmedetomidine infusion (T1),skin incision moment (T2) and 30 minutes after skin incision (T3).Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were assessed for both groups at the time point of 2,6,12,24 and 48 hours after surgery.The number of use of patient controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA),assessment of consciousness status 1-3 days after surgery,adverse reactions were recorded for both groups as well.The following post-surgery data were recorded:the time of first feeding,first urination and first ambulation,the length of hospitalization,the expense of hospital stay.Results HR,SBP,DBP of the group G changed more significantly at T1,T2,T3 than those of T0 (P＜0.05).The VAS scores and the number of use of PCIA of group N were lower than those of group G at all time points after operation (P＜0.05).The group N had lower CAM-CR scores and less adverse reactions of nausea and vomiting and dizziness than those of group G on days 1 to 3 after surgery (P＜0.01).Compare to group G,the group N were early in terms of post-operation first feeding,first urination and first ambulation (P＜0.01).The length of hospitalization was shorter and the cost of the hospital stay was lower in the group N than the group G (P＜0.01).Conclusion Ultrasound and nerve stimulator-guided lumbosacral plexus block combined with low dose of dexmedetomidine could meet the needs of elderly patients undergoing PFNA.

Objective To improve the efficiency of result reporting and ensure the accuracy of the results by establishing autoverification system in Clinical Chemistry and Immunology Laboratory.Methods The study followed the requirements of the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)AUTO-10A and ISO 15189:2012.In addition,seven categories of verification rules were encoded using the autoverification function of the CentraLink?Data Management System on the Aptio?Automation platform.These rules included Clinical Diagnostic Standard(CS), Sample Status(SS), Quality Control Severity(QS), Instrument Error Flags Severity(IS), Normal Severity(NS), Delta Check Severity(DS), and Logical Assessment Standard(LS).Various modules of Aptio Automation,laboratory information system(LIS)and hospital information system(HIS)were integrated using the CentraLink system to establish the autoverification system.Results The autoverification system was set up and tested from August 2015 to April 2016.In total, the system ran 4 496 425 tests on 366 180 chemistry specimens.The overall autoverification rate for tests performed increased from 53.4% to 87.0%.Glucose had the highest rate (98.3%)while CKMB had the lowest rate(63.6%).Average TAT for result verification decreased by 97.7%,from 46.3 minutes to 3.7 minutes.The system ran 410,040 tests on 160 119 chemiluminescence specimens.The autoverification rate for tests performed increased from 40.2%to 89%.C-P had the highest rate(98.4%)while A-TPO had the lowest rate(58.7%).Average TAT for result verification decreased by 77.4%,from 14.6 minutes to 3.3 minutes.From May 2016 to January 2017(when autoverification was employed),compared with the same period in 2014(when manual verification was employed),the following changes were observed with no increase in staff capacity:a)Volume of routine chemistry tests increased by 46.4%,and median TAT for tests decreased by 41.9%, from 118 minutes to 83 minutes; b)Volume of chemiluminescence tests increased by 24.5%and median median TAT for tests decreased by 52.4%, from 131 minutes to 86 minutes;c)Median TAT for critical values decreased by 50.5%; d)Rates of tests that did not go through autoverification were 88.2% for NS,6.05% for SS, 2.40% for DS,2.00% for LS, 0.97%for IS,and 0.43% for CS; e)Rates of abnormal specimen status identified by Aptio Automation were 7.13‰for jaundice,5.39‰ for blood lipids,2.20‰ for hemolysis,0.17‰ for barcode error, and 0.15‰ for insufficiency;f)Error rate decreased to 0.00%;and g)staff satisfaction increased from 85%to 100%.Conclusion Autoverification of results by using the CentraLink Data Management System can achieve quality control over the entire process of clinical laboratory testing, ensure accuracy of test results, improve work efficiency, decrease TAT, minimize the error rate, avoid skill variation of staff, reduce the pressure of performing manual verification,and improve medical security.

To investigate the effect of berberine on glycemia regulation in rats with diabetes and the related mechanisms.Diabetic-like rat model was successfully induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin in 50 out of 60 male SD rats, which were then randomly divided into 5 groups with 10 rats in each:control group (received vehicle only), positive drug control group (sitagliptin 10 mg·kg·d), low-dose berberine group (30 mg·kg·d), moderate-dose berberine group (60 mg·kg·d), and high-dose berberine group (120 mg·kg·d). All animals were fed for 3 d, and fasting blood sampling was performed on day 3 of administration. Rats were given glucose (2 g/kg) by gavage 30 min after the last dose. Blood and intestinal samples were obtained 2 h after glucose loading. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and 2-h postprandial plasma glucose (2h-PPG) were detected by using biochemical analyzer, and insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and dipeptidyl peptidase-Ⅳ(DPP-Ⅳ) were measured by using ELISA kit.No significant difference in FBG and serum DPP-Ⅳ level were found between berberine groups and control group (all>0.05). Compared with control group, serum levels of GLP-1 and insulin were increased in high-and moderate-dose berberine groups, while 2h-PPG was decreased (all<0.05); GLP-1 levels in the intestinal samples were increased, while DPP-Ⅳ levels were decreased in all berberine groups (all<0.05).Short-term berberine administration can decrease 2h-PPG level in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model through local inhibition of intestinal DPP-Ⅳ. The efficacy of DPP-Ⅳ inhibitor may be associated with its intestinal pharmacokinetics.
Animals ; Berberine ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Blood Glucose ; drug effects ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ; analysis ; drug effects ; pharmacokinetics ; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 ; analysis ; blood ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Insulin ; blood ; Intestines ; chemistry ; drug effects ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sitagliptin Phosphate

Objective: To investigate the effect of berberine on glycemia regulation in rats with diabetes and the related mechanisms .Methods: Diabetic-like rat model was successfully induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin in 50 out of 60 male SD rats, which were then randomly divided into 5 groups with 10 rats in each:control group (received vehicle only), positive drug control group (sitagliptin 10 mg· kg-1 · d-1 ) , low-dose berberine group ( 30 mg · kg-1 · d-1 ) , moderate-dose berberine group (60 mg· kg-1· d-1), and high-dose berberine group (120 mg· kg-1· d-1).All animals were fed for 3 d, and fasting blood sampling was performed on day 3 of administration .Rats were given glucose (2 g/kg) by gavage 30 min after the last dose . Blood and intestinal samples were obtained 2 h after glucose loading .Fasting blood glucose ( FBG) and 2-h postprandial plasma glucose (2h-PPG) were detected by using biochemical analyzer , and insulin , glucagon-like peptide-1 ( GLP-1 ) and dipeptidyl peptidase-Ⅳ( DPP-Ⅳ) were measured by using ELISA kit .Results: No significant difference in FBG and serum DPP-Ⅳ level were found between berberine groups and control group ( all P>0.05 ) .Compared with control group , serum levels of GLP-1 and insulin were increased in high-and moderate-dose berberine groups , while 2 h-PPG was decreased ( all P<0.05 );GLP-1 levels in the intestinal samples were increased , while DPP-Ⅳlevels were decreased in all berberine groups ( all P<0.05 ) .Conclusions:Short-term berberine administration can decrease 2h-PPG level in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model through local inhibition of intestinal DPP-Ⅳ.The efficacy of DPP-Ⅳinhibitor may be associated with its intestinal pharmacokinetics .

Objective To evaluate visual field changes in early mild Parkinson's disease.Methods A total of 66 eyes of 33 cases with early mild Parkinson's disease and 72 eyes of 36 age-matched normal individuals were enrolled into the study.Humphrey Field Analyzer Ⅱ was applied for central visual field test.The visual field indices of mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD) were analyzed to evaluate the location and the characteristics of visual field defect in this study.Results Visual field indices MD (-3.4±2.5) dB was significantly changed in patients with PD when compared to the controls (-0.6 ± 1.7) dB.PSD (4.3±2.6) was significantly higher in patients with PD than that in the control group (2.1 ± 1.8) dB.Glaucoma hemifield test (GHT) assessment was within normal limits in the controls.Of the 33 patients (66 eyes) in PD,GHT showed outside normal limits in 31 eyes,borderline in 8 eyes,and within normal limits in 27 eyes.31 eyes outside normal limits appeared glaucomatous visual field defects,in which 16 with nasal step and 5 with arcuate defect.Conclusions Visual field indices including MD and PSD in early mild patients with PD were significantly worse than that in the controls group.GHT abnormalities could be found in early mild PD patients with visual field defects,including pericentral scotoma and nasal step,which mimicked glaucomatous changes.