Objective To investigate the efficacy of Holmium laser for upper urinary tract diseases.Methods A total of 101 patients with urinary tract stricture or calculus in the lower or middle ureter were treated with holmium laser by ureteroscopy from January 2005 to June 2007 in our hospital.For the patients with stones in the upper urinary tract or the kidney,percutaneous nephrolithotripsy(PNL) with holmium laser by ureteroscopy was performed.Results No patients developed perforation,urinary leakage,or infection after the operation.In the 23 cases of ureteral stricture,6 were cured,10 were improved,5 were failed,and 2 were deteriorated or even developed hydronephrosis.The two who were deteriorated after the operation was converted to open surgery because of pain in the kidney area and refractory infection.They were cured after resection of the strictured segment and end-to-end anastomosis.Follow-up was available for 3 to 24 months(mean,12 months);none of the patients had recurrence during the period.In the 40 patients with lower or middle ureteral stones,nephrolithotripsy was completed successfully in all but 7,in whom the stones moved into the kidney during the procedure.These 7 patients were then cured by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.The 40 patients were followed up for 3 to 18 months(mean,15),none of them had recurrence.In the 24 cases of upper urinary tract stones and 14 patients with renal calculus,the stones were removed completely by the first PNL in 36;2 patients received a second operation after indwelling renal cannula for 1 week because of intraoperative hemorrhage.These 38 patients achieved a follow-up of 3 to 24 months(mean,18),no one of them showed residual stones,or recurrent calculus or stricture of the ureter.Conclusions Holmium laser by ureteroscopy is safe,effective,and minimally invasive for patients with upper urinary tract disorders.The treatment is worth being used thanks to a low rate of intra-and postoperative complications.

Objective To investigate the relationship between obesity parameters and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in aircrew. Methods A questionnaire survey in aircrew members was performed. Outcome measurement included body height, body weight, neck circumference ( NC), waist circumference (WC), and body mass index (BMI). Those with snoring during sleep and/or Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS)score ≥ 9 were screened with pulse oxygen saturation test during overnight sleep. Those with oxygen saturation decrease index ≥ 10 times/h and suspected OSAHS were tested by polysomnography (PSG). The objects were then assigned to three groups: the OSAHS group,the snore group and the normal group. The relationship between obesity parameters and OSAHS was analyzed. Results There were 399 ( 37. 54% ) overweight, 36 ( 3. 39% ) obesity, 130 ( 12. 23% ) increased NC, and 354 (33.30%)increased WC in 1063 aircrew members (OSAHS group ＞ snore group ＞ normal group; P＜O. 05). The mean value of BMI, NC and WC in the three groups were dittos. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that overweight, obesity and increased WC were significantly associated with snoring (P ＜0.05) and snoring enlarged NC was significantly correlated with OSAHS (P＜ 0.05). Conclusion Increased BMI, NC and WC may be risk factors of OSAHS among aircrew. Effective prevention and treatment of OSAHS should be needed.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of association between Pregnancy induced Hypertension and HLA G.Methods:The distribution and frequencies of HLA G alleles were analyzed in 54 PIH patients and 146 random healthy controls with nonradioactive digoxigenin labeled PCR SSO method.Results:The results showed that the same nine HLA G alleles were detected and the G*01011 was the commonest allele with the frequency of 31.38% and 37.33% respectively in both PIH and controls groups,the next was G*01013,25.00% and 20.21% separately.Statistic analysis showed that the frequencies of HLA G alleles were similar to in the two groups and there was no significant difference between PIH patients and controls.Conclusion:These data suggest that there is no significant detectable relation between the HLA G polymorphism and PIH.

Objeetive To explore routine magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of newborn bilirubin encephalopathy(NBE).Methods MRI features and clinical data of 17 patients with Newbern bilirubin encephalopathy were retrospectively analyzed, globus pallidus (GP)and subthalamic signal intensity was evaluated.The increase of GP signal intensity and serum total bilirubin peak value were analyzed using pearson correlation analysis.Serum total bilimbin peak value between patients with high signal in the subthalamic nuclei on T1 WI and patients without high signal in the subthalamic nuclei were compared statistically.Results The main MRI presentation in the NBE group Was abnormally increased signal intensity in the GP on T1 WI,which was not apparent on T2 WI One patient showed abnormal high signal intensity in the postemmedial part of GP.Nine patients had high signal in the subthalamic nuclei on T1 WI and normal signal on T2 WI Four patients showed hiigh signal in the brainstem with sparing of dorsal pontine.The increase in value of GP signal intensity was 249.0-423.8 in 12 patients and their serum total bilirubin peak values were 366.0-983.3μmol/L A positive correlation Was found between increase of GP signal intensity and serum total bilirubin peak value.The serum total bilirubin level of abnormal subthalamic group and normal subthalamic group were 660.7±192.4 μmol/L and 513.3±107.5μmol/L respectively.The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant(t=1.914,P＞0.05).Conclusion The routine MRI has some characteristics and is useful in the diagnosis of newborn bilirubin encephalopathy.

Objective To seak a available way of evaluating morphology of filtering blebs after trabeculectomy is very important for forecasting the successful rate of surgery.At the present time,filtering blebs were commonly evaluated by using the slim lamp microscope,but it did not to exactly reflect the filtering passage.This study aimed to evaluate the morphology of filtering blebs after trabeculectomy with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).MethodsThis was a prospective study.Sixty-nine eyes of 53 patients who had previously undergone trabeculectomy were selected in this study,including 25 eyes with open-angle glaucoma,38 eyes with close-angle glaucoma and 6 eyes with secondary glaucoma.These filtering blebs were classified into functional type (typeⅠandⅡ) and nonfunction type (type Ⅲ and Ⅳ) under the slit lamp microscope based on the van Buskirk grading scales.Intra-bleb morphology and structure were characterized as diffuse-like,cystic-like,encapsulating-like and flatten-like by AS-OCT in reference to the Leung method.The consistency between the two methods was evaluated by the Chi-Square test.Written informed consent was obtained from all the patients before surgery.ResultsThe average follow-up time was 10.78±11.0 months.All the patients finished the examination during the follow-up duration.The average intraocular pressure was(14.9±4.5)mmHg during the observation period.There were 38/69 (55.1%) functioning blebs and 31/69 (44.9%) non-function blebs under the slim lamp microscope.AS-OCT imaging showed diffuse-like blebs in 26 eyes (15.9%),cystic-like blebs in 11 eyes (27.5%),encapsulating-like blebs in 19 eyes (18.8%) and flatten-like in 13 eyes with the intraocular pressure of(13.16±3.77)mmHg,(15.36±2.92)mmHg,(15.77±5.07)mmHg and (16.62±5.33)mmHg,respectively,showing a significant difference among them (F=3.32,P＜0.05).These patterns of different OCT presented a good consistency with the clinical outcome (χ~2=0.03,P=0.86).ConclusionAS-OCT allows the observation of filtering blebs after glaucoma surgery.It is probably to visualize the internal structure of filtering bleb and deep sclerectomy.Functional and dysfunctional filtering blebs delivery gives different OCT patterns.This could be a new way to assess the postoperative healing process.

The exposure of lead in environment has caused a major public health problem all over the globe.Because of rapid industrialization and constant existence of lead in environment,it is necessary to screen,monitor and intervene in the content of lead of human body during a long time.The toxical and harmful influence of lead on human body,especially on children are expounded.The content index of lead in the body set by international and national standards as well as its evaluation basis are included.The most frequently used testing method of blood lead is also described: atomic absorption spectrometry and its operative process.

Fresh healthy human erythrocytes were treated by four kinds of bile acid solutions (DC, GDC, C, and GC) at physiological and pathological concentrations of human plasma, and the membrane proteins, enzyme activities and permeability of cations were observed. The results showed that some components of the membrane cytoskeleton proteins disappeared, the activities of total ATPase and Gr-ATPase were distinctly increased with the increasing of bile acid concentrations, the activity of the membrane acetylcholinesterase was decreased with the increasing bile acid concentrations, the permeability of cations was increased with the increasing bile acid concentrations. The effect of the dihydroxy bile acids more stronger than that of the trihydroxy bile acids.

Objective To investigate the correlation between mRNA expression of VEGF,bFGF and dynamic contrast-enhancedT_1-weighted MRI together with conventional MRI features in pituitary adenomas.Methods Conventional MRI and gadolinium-enhanced dynamic Turbo-FLASH imaging was performed preoperatively in 30 patients with histologically verified pituitary adenoms.VEGF and bFGF mRNA expression were determined in pituitary adenomas by using comparative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) in all patients.The correlation between mRNA expression of VEGF/bFGF and dynamic contrast-enhanced and conventional MRI featureswere studied.Results Significant difference in VEGF and bFGF mRNA expression was found among pituitary adenomas according to different signal intensity-time curve(SI-TC) type(P

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of 64‐slice spiral CT for in‐stent restenosis (ISR) after percuta‐neous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) .Methods :A total of 120 CHD patients after PCI received 64‐slice spiral CT angiography and routine coronary angiography (CAG ) respectively . Then coronary ISR was assessed .Results:With CAG as the gold standard ,sensitivity ,specificity ,positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 87.5% ,95.3% ,80.0% and 97.3% respectively for 64‐slice spiral CT cor‐onary angiography in diagnosis of ISR .Conclusion :The 64‐slice spiral CT coronary angiography possesses high sensitivity and accuracy diagnosing coronary in‐stent restenosis ,which can be used as one of noninvasive measures for postoperative follow‐up after percutaneous coronary intervention .

Objective To investigate the association of interleukin-6 (IL-6) with depression using meta analysis. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted to examine depression and interleukin-6 in Chinese patients us-ing“depression”and“interleukin-6”in Databases including PubMed, CBM, VIP, CNKI and WanFang Data. A me-ta-analysis was performed to analyze correlation between depression and interleukin-6 using RevMan 5.2.8 software. Results A total of 9 studies were recruited, involving 432 depression patients and 277 healthy controls. The results of meta-analysis showed that concentration of IL-6 was higher in depression patients than in healthy controls(SMD=1.48, 95%CI:0.78~2.18,P<0.05). Subgroup analysis in the first-episode subgroup and the non first-episode subgroup showed that concentration of interleukin-6 was higher in depression patients than that in controls [the first-episode subgroup (SMD=1.94,95%CI:0.07~3.81,P<0.05), the non first-episode subgroup (SMD=1.26,95%CI:0.60~1.93,P<0.05)]. Conclusion There is a good correlation between depression and the serum IL-6 concentration. Due to the small number of studies and heterogeneity in different studies, the present meta-analysis has not yet confirmed the quantitative correla-tion between IL-6 and depression.