Objective To investigate the clinical features and genetic mutations of spinocerebellar ataxia type 17 (SCA17).Methods The pathological CAG triplet repeat expansions of the SCA3,SCA1,SCA2,SCA6,SCA7,SCA8,SCA12,SCA17 and dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy genes were analyzed in 708 probands of autosomal dominant familial SCA and 1 19 sporadic SCA cases.The CAG repeats of TATA-binding protein (TBP) gene were amplified by means of polymerase chain reaction and agarose gel electrophoresis.For the samples with two alleles,fragment analysis based on CEQ8000 sequencer was applied to analyze the CAG repeat numbers.Furthermore,the correlation between clinical features and CAG repeat in the TBP gene was studied carefully.Results The expanded CAG repeats in the TBP gene was detected in 5 cases with 37/50,36/45,38/52,38/53,36/54 separately.And the main clinical manifestations were ataxia and memory impairment.Conclusion These findings indicate that SCA17 might be a rare subtype of SCA in the Chinese population and the clinical features of SCA17 cover a wider spectrum than previously reviewed.

Objective Mitochondrial transfer RNA for leucine 1(MTTL1)is one of the most important causative genes of oxidative phosphorylation disorders.To understand the clinical,pathological and molecular genetics features of the disordel's caused by MTTL1 mutation.18 patients with a causative mutation in MTTL1 were analyzed.Methods The clinical features,the findings of tlleir biochemistry tests.the neuroimagings,the pathology of biopsied muscles and hereditary characteristics were retrospectively summarized.Results The mutations mt3243A>G and mt3271A>T within MTTL1 gene led to variant syndrome,encephalomyopathies with lactic acidosis and stroke like episodes,diabetes mellitus,progressive external ophthalmoplegia,leish syndrome and complex mitochondrial syndrome were reported.Usually,most patients were sporadic but maternal transmission was the common inherited model.Conclusion The disorders caused by the MTTL1 mutation are hishly phenotypic vailable.There is no association between phenotype and heteroplasmy in muscle.

Objective:To investigate the preventive effect of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats and the underlying mechanism.Methods:Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups:the normal control group,hypobaric and hypoxic group and TMP group (100 mg·kg-1·d-1).After the animal models of hypobaric and hypoxic pulmonary hypertension were established,mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP),mean carotid artery pressure (mCAP),ratio of right ventricular/(lift ventricular + interventricular septum) (RVHI) and morphological changes of pulmonary vessels were observed and the rates of wall thickness/external diameter (WT%) and wall area/total vascular area (WA%) were calculated.The contents of nitric oxide (NO),endothelin-1 (ET-1),hypoxic-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected in serum after the 21-day treatment with TMP.Results:The values of mPAP,RVHI,WT% and WA% of hypobaric and hypoxic group were significant higher than those of the normal control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01),and those of TMP group were obviously lower than those of hypobaric and hypoxic group (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The condition of hypobaric and hypoxic had no significant effect on mCAP,and there were no significant differences among the groups (P>0.05).The values of NO in serum of hypobaric and hypoxic group was lower than those of the normal control group (P<0.05) and those of TMP group were obviously higher than those of hypobaric and hypoxic group (P<0.05).The values of ET-1,HIF-1α and VEGF in serum of hypobaric and hypoxic group were higher than those of the normal control group (P<0.05) and those of TMP group were obviously lower than those of hypobaric and hypoxic group (P<0.05).Conclusion:TMP can effectively prevent pulmonary hypertension induced by hypobaric and hypoxic and structural remodeling of pulmonary arterioles.The mechanism may be related to the content up-regulation of NO and activity down-regulation of ET-1,HIF-1α and VEGF in serum of rats.

Objective To evaluate the T lymphocyte functions in elderly patients following major orthopedic operation. Methods From May 1998 to Feb 1999, 39 elderly patients (65 95 years old) hospitalized for orthopedic operation were studied. The patients' peripheral blood samples in the experimental group were obtained on days 1, 3, 7 and 14 postoperation, respectively. At the same days, blood samples were taken from 15 elder patients without trauma and operation (65 80 years old) within 6 months as controls. T lymphocyte subpopulations were differentiated by means of quantitative assay with autocounting method of FCM. Results CD3 T cell count was significantly decreased on day 1(54 4?11 3)% and day 14(58 5?12 6)%, compared with controls (63 9?8 3)% ( P

Objective To assess the value of serum amyloid A (SAA) in patients with acute asthma attack. Methods Sixty-four asthmatic patients in acute phase and 20 healthy individuals were included. The asthmatic patients were divided into bacterial infection-induced group and non-bacterial infection-induced group. Lung function test and chest X-rays test were conducted And inflammatory cell counts , serum SAA and CRP levels were measured. SAA were compared among subgroups of asthmatic patients and healthy controls and the diagnostic value of SAA to distinguish bacterial infection-induced asthma was estimated. Results SAA of both asthma subgroups were significantly higher when compared with the healthy individuals, and it was higher in bacterial infection-induced group than that in non-bacterial infection-induced group. In terms of ROC curve , AUC was 0.966 for SAA to distinguish merging bacterium infection, and the cut-off value was 36.67mg/L with sensitivity of 92.3% and specificity of 88.2%. Conclusions SAA increases in patients during acute asthma attack, and particularlymore obviously in bacterial infection-induced patients. It may be used as a reliable biomarker to distinguish merging bacterium infection during acute asthma attack.

Objective:To explore the phenotype and molecular genetic features of spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) cases with ATXN2 intermediate-length CAG-repeat expansion.Methods:Fragment analysis by capillary electrophoresis was performed to detect the dynamic mutations in the samples of the probands in 1 383 pedigrees with autosomal dominant inherited ataxia in Research Center for Motor Disorders and Neurogenetic Diseases, Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital from 2005 to 2018. The clinical and genetic features of individuals carrying the ATXN2 intermediate-length CAG-repeat expansion were carefully analyzed.Results:Two hundred and three individuals (including the probands and members of their families) in 163 families carried the expanded CAG repeats in ATXN2 gene, among which 107 individuals in 93 families carried the intermediate-length CAG-repeats. Within 20 parent-child pairs, the CAG repeats increased 0-28 copies in 16 pairs with paternal inheritance, and 0-4 copies in 4 pairs with maternal inheritance.Conclusions:For suspected SCA2 cases, ATXN2 gene testing should be performed on the parental members and adult offspring members in the family. Dynamic mutations testing is essential to identify the individuals with ATXN2 intermediate-length repeat expansion, which is very important for genetic counseling.

Diabetes mellitus （DM） is a metabolic disease mainly characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and has multiple etiologies. The complications of DM， such as coronary atherosclerosis， nephropathy， foot disease and cardiac dysfunction， have high morbidity， disability rate and mortality. DM and its complications have a long course of disease and are easy to relapse， which are difficult to be cured， seriously affecting people's life and health. NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome is an important component of inflammatory response and innate immune system. The inflammatory cascade induced by NLRP3 activation is involved in the occurrence and development of DM as well as its complications by releasing inflammatory factors， damaging endothelial cells and affecting metabolic stress. Therefore， as the core of the inflammatory response， NLRP3 may provide a new target for the treatment of DM and its complications. Traditional Chinese medicine plays a key role in the treatment of DM and its complications， and has a regulatory effect on NLRP3. Thus it has become a novel research strategy to prevent and treat DM and its complications via modulating NLRP3. However， at present， there are relatively scattered reports and a lack of systematic review on the role of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of DM and its complications from the perspective of NLRP3. As a result， this paper reviewed domestic and foreign literature in recent years and conducted the discussion from two aspects： the influence of NLRP3 on the occurrence and development of DM and its complications， and the progress of traditional Chinese medicine in intervening in DM and its complications through NLRP3. This paper provided reference for the research on the regulation of NLRP3 and a new direction for the treatment of DM and its complications.

ABSTRACT:In recent years ,there has been high prevalence of murine typhus in Yunnan Province ,People's Republic of China .A large outbreak of murine typhus occurred in Xishuangbanna Prefecture ,Yunnan Province in 2010 .However ,not all cases were confirmed by laboratory assays ;therefore ,field epidemiologic and laboratory investigations of murine typhus in Xishuangbanna Prefecture were conducted in 2011 .Blood samples were collected from clinical diagnostic cases at the acute and convalescence stages of murine typhus in Xishuangbanna Prefecture ,Yunnan Province ,from June to September of 2011 ,and blood and spleen samples were collected from mice sharing the same habitats as the patients .Immunofluorescence assays were used to test for the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies against Rickettsia typhi in sera from patients and mice .Real‐time PCR was used to detect the groEL gene of R .typhi in blood clots from patients at the acute stage and in spleen tissue from mice .A total of 1 157 clinically diagnosed murine typhus cases occurred in Xishuangbanna Prefecture ,Yunnan Province in 2011 ,with an incidence of 102 .10/100 000 .Of these cases ,80 were investigated by laboratory assays and 74 of 80 patients were confirmed to have murine typhus .The coincidence rate between the clinical diagnosis and laboratory detection was 92 .50% .The positivi‐ty rate for IgG antibodies against R .typhi was 14 .0% (14/100) for Rattus f lavipectus ,while the rate by PCR was 9 .0%(9/100) .That laboratory diagnoses confirmed that the severity of the murine typhus outbreak in Xishuangbanna cannot be ig‐nored .The distribution of host animals transmitting R .typhi underscores this conclusion .

Objective To investigate the use of parenteral nutrition preparations in Jiangsu Province,and to provide reference for the standardized management of parenteral nutrition preparations.Methods 720 cases using parenteral nutrition preparations from January 2017 to June 2017 in the department of general surgery of 12 hospitals in Jiangsu province were selected.The rate of nutritional risk screening,the indications of parenteral nutrition,the way of infusion,the rationality and economy of the prescriptions were retrospectively evaluated.The calorie,amino acid content,non-protein calorie/nitrogen ratio,glycolipid ratio and cation concentration of the patients received total parenteral nutrition were calculated.Results The total costs of parenteral nutrition preparations of 720 cases were 1.614 1 millions,and 346 cases did not have the indications for parenteral nutrition.The results of prescription comment showed that only 16 patients were screened for nutritional risk by Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 tool at admission.544 cases were intravenous dripped with amino acid and fat emulsion from peripheral vein.In the 176 total parenteral nutrition prescriptions,there were 39 non-protein calorie/nitrogen ratio cases,15 glycolipid ratio cases,69 cation concentration cases,61 calorie cases and 32 amino acid content cases failing to comply with the recommendation of the guidelines.Only 31 total parenteral nutrition prescriptions were completely reasonable.Conclusion The costs of parenteral nutrition preparations used in hospitals of Jiangsu are high but the rate of rationality is low.Nutrition support team should be established to regulate the use of parenteral nutrition preparations and save medical resources.

Temperature is an important environmental factor that can greatly influence the cultivation of Auricularia cornea. In this study, lignin peroxidase, laccase, manganese peroxidase, and cellulose in A. cornea fruiting bodies were tested under five different temperatures (20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C, and 40 °C) in three different culture periods (10 days, 20 days and 30 days). In addition, the V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA genes in the substrate of A. cornea cultivated for 30 days at different temperatures were sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology to explore the structure and diversity of bacterial communities in the substrate. Temperature and culture days had a significant effect on the activities of the four enzymes, and changes in activity were not synchronized with changes in temperature and culture days. Overall, we obtained 487,694 sequences from 15 samples and assigned them to 16 bacterial phyla. Bacterial community composition and structure in the substrate changed when the temperature was above 35 °C. The relative abundances of some bacteria were significantly affected by temperature. A total of 35 genera at five temperatures in the substrate were correlated, and 41 functional pathways were predicted in the study. Bacterial genes associated with the membrane transport pathway had the highest average abundance (16.16%), and this increased at 35 °C and 40 °C. Generally, different temperatures had impacts on the physiological activity of A. cornea and the bacterial community in the substrate; therefore, the data presented herein should facilitate cultivation of A. cornea.
Bacteria ; Cellulose ; Cornea* ; Fruit ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genes, rRNA ; Laccase ; Lignin ; Manganese ; Membranes ; Peroxidase