The overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) is a prevalent condition among adults. Currently, the present treatment is mainly conservative therapy. Antimuscarinic drugs are currently the first-line treatment for OAB. However, many patients experienced insufficient therapeutic benefit and/or unpleasant side effects. Recent advances in the understand-ing of the physiopathology of OAB have driven a huge amount of basic and clinical research into novel pharmacological com-pounds.β3-adrenoceptor agonists are an emerging drug class for the treatment of the OAB. This study reviewed the pharma-cological profile ofβ3-adrenoceptor agonists and discussed the efficacy, safety and tolerability.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the contents determination of emodin,rhein,aloe-emodin,chrysophanol, physcion,geniposide,chlorogenic acid in Yinchenhao decoction and its dispensing granule,and to compare the difference among the above-mentioned ingredients. METHODS:HPLC was adopted to determine the contents of emodin, rhein, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol and physcion:the column was Ecosil C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.5% phosphoric acid(gradient elution)at a flow rate of 1 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 254 nm,column temperature was 35 ℃,and injection volume was 20 μl. When determining the content of geniposide by HPLC,the column was Ecosil C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-water(13∶87, V/V)at a flow rate of 1 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 238 nm,column temperature was 35 ℃,and injection volume was 20 μl. When determining the content of chlorogenic acid by HPLC,the column was Ecosil C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.5% phosphoric acid (10∶90,V/V) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 327 nm,column temperature was 35 ℃,and injection volume was 20 μl. RESULTS:The linear range was 2-20 μg/ml for emodin(r=0.996 5),5.2-52.0 μg/ml for rhein(r=0.998 5),2.6-26.0 μg/ml for aloe-emodin(r=0.999 9),1.0-10.4 μg/ml for chrysophanol(r=0.999 9),1.0-10.0 μg/ml for physcion(r=0.999 8),20-200 μg/ml for geniposide(r=0.999 9),20-200 μg/ml for chlorogenic acid(r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 3%;recoveries were 91.1%-96.9%(RSD=2.0%,n=6)for emodin、93.9%-96.1%(RSD=0.8%,n=6)for rhein、90.9%-93.4%(RSD=1.2%,n=6)for aloe-emodin、88.5%-92.7%(RSD=1.8%,n=6) for chrysophanol、82.1% -87.9%(RSD=2.5% ,n=6)for physcion,100.4% -102.0%(RSD=0.7% ,n=6)for geniposide、101.1%-102.2%(RSD=0.4%,n=6) for chlorogenic acid. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,stable and reproducible,and can be used for the simultaneous contents determination of active ingredients in Yinchenhao decoction and its dispensing granule. The contents of active ingredients in Yinchenhao dispensing granule are obviously higher than those in its decoction.

OBJECTIVE To obtain and compare the clinical characteristics in patients with allergic rhinitis(AR) and nonallergic rhinitis(NAR) and investigate the trends in the proportion of AR and NAR in recent 10 years in Guangzhou. METHODS 5486 patients with nasal hyper-reactivity symptoms were divided into the AR group and NAR group. Clinical data including gender, age distribution and seasonality were analyzed. RESULTS The trends in the proportion of AR and NAR during the past decade did not change significantly. Male made up the majority of AR patients and NAR patients and AR patients were significantly younger than NAR patients. Male AR patients were significantly younger than females, while there were no significant difference in the age distribution among the male NAR patients and female ones. As the age increasing, the proportion of AR and NAR patients in overall study population present opposite tendency. The main onset season in AR was summer and in NAR was winter in Guangzhou city. CONCLUSION There were significant differences between AR and NAR in age, gender and seasonality. However, the trends in the proportion of AR and NAR in recent 10 years did not change significantly in Guangzhou.

The cultivation of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A.Mey) in farmlands,remembered as an eco-friendly model,guaranteed the sustainable development of ginseng industry.In this study,we summarized the soil improvement and technologies of the cultivation of ginseng in farmlands and discussed the strategies,such as physical disinfection,chemical disinfection,fertilization and soil amelioration,and green manure returning fields,for improving the micro-ecological environment of ginseng.Furthermore,the new cuhivars of ginseng were introduced,compared with the cultivation patterns of ginseng between China,Japan and Korea,and strategies for controlling main diseases in the cultivation of ginseng were also involved.In conclusion,this study possessed guiding significance of the cultivation of ginseng in farmlands and laid a foundation for the wholesome development of ginseng industry.

BacKground:The deveIopment of acute pancreatitis( AP ) is often accompanied by pancreatic microcircuIation disturbance and aIterations in bIood coaguIation and fibrinoIytic systems, which resuIts in abnormaIities of pIateIet parameters. Aims:To investigate the changes of pIateIet parameters in eIderIy AP patients and the effect of uIinastatin ( UTI)on pIateIet parameters and disease status. Methods:Two hundred and seventeen eIderIy AP patients(≥60 years) were enroIIed retrospectiveIy from Aug. 2009 to Dec. 2013 at the First AffiIiated HospitaI of Nanjing MedicaI University. According to the severity of the disease,patients were divided into three groups:miId AP( MAP),moderateIy severe AP ( MSAP),and severe AP( SAP). The pIateIet parameters,incIuding PLT,MPV and PDW before and after treatment,as weII as the differences in pIateIet parameters and cIinicaI efficacy between conventionaI therapy and UTI therapy were compared and anaIyzed. Results:In MSAP and SAP groups,PLT at admission was significantIy Iower(P<0. 01),whiIe MPV and PDW were significantIy higher(P<0. 05)than those in MAP group. After 1-week treatment,PLT increased significantIy(P<0. 01)and MPV and PDW decreased significantIy(P<0. 05)in MSAP and SAP groups. UTI therapy was superior to conventionaI therapy in increasing PLT( P <0. 01 ),decreasing MPV and PDW( P <0. 01 ),and improving the overaII efficacy in MSAP and SAP groups( MSAP:92. 3% vs. 81. 2%,P <0. 01;SAP:90. 0% vs. 80. 8%,P<0. 01). Conclusions:Changes of pIateIet parameters in eIderIy MSAP and SAP patients are different from those in MAP patients,which might refIect the disease severity. UTI is effective in reducing the activity of pIateIet and can be used in the treatment and prevention of disease progression in eIderIy AP patients.

Objective]In order to study the impact of adenoid hypertrophy(AH)with allergic rhinitis(AR)in the otitis media with effusion(OME)in children,as well as to discuss the risk factors on the inducement of OME in patients with AH.[Methods]The clinical materials were collected and analyzed from 205 children with AH who admitted for surgical treatment between 2013 and 2015, including medical history and signs,acoustic immittance measurement,allergy screen as well as blood routine,and to evaluate the situation of OME and AR in patients with AH. All the data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0.[Results]Among the 205 AH children,66 cases(32.20%)were accompanying with OME. The AH patients aged 3-5 years had the highest incidence of OME,which decreased with age(P=0.018). It is significant on the prevalence of the OME in patients with AH between the two groups with and without AR (P = 0.010). In the logistic model investigating the risk factors of inducing OME among patients with AH,the third-degree AH, Type-three and the accompanying with AR were significant. The third-degree and third-type AH children were 2.729 and 6.390-folds higher than others respectively (P = 0.047,P = 0.001). The incidence of OME appeared to be 1.212-folds higher among patients with AR(P = 0.010).[Conclusion]Mechanical obstruction and AR played a superimposed role in the inducement of OME among patients with AH,which was effected by multiple factors. We should pay attention to the“lateral respiratory”allergic diseases on eustachian tube and middle ear.

Objective:To investigate the safety and efficacy of simultaneous carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for patients with concomitant severe carotid and coronary artery disease.Methods:The clinical data of 19 patients with concomitant severe carotid artery stenosis and coronary artery disease undergoing simultaneous CEA and CABG at Peking University People′s Hospital from Jan 2011 to Dec 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The mean ages was 69 years old.The operation adopted the strategy of CEA first and then CABG. Conventional CEA with carotid arterial shunting was performed. The primary composite end points were perioperative cardiovascular and neurological adverse event rates, as well as the late follow-up outcomes. The technical success rate was 100%. There were no adverse cardiovascular events during the perioperative period. Ischemic stroke occurred in 2 patients. No early death was observed. Seventeen cases were successfully followed up for 1-103 months. One patient developed cerebral infarction after 8 months, one developed acute myocardial infarction 43 months after surgery. No cases suffered from carotid artery restenosis. The 5-year overall survival rate was 91%.Conclusions:Simultaneous CEA and CABG treatment for patients with concomitant carotid and coronary artery disease is safe with few perioperative cardiovascular events and no deaths.

AIM: To clarify the effects of specific and non-specific cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors on gastric epithelial cell proliferating and gastric healing following acid-induced damage. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given 1 mL of 0.6 mol/L hydrochloric acid (HCl) into the stomach. Ten minutes after the administration of the acid,the animals were given NS-398 (COX-2 inhibitor) or indomethacin. Levels of COX-1 and COX-2 in the gastric mucosa before and after HCl-administration were analyzed using western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was detected using immunohistochemistry for epithelial cell proliferation. Gastric lesion index (LI) was assessed using planimetry. RESULTS: Expression of COX-2 was enhanced mainly in surface epithelial cells and neck cells following HCl-administration. At 24 h following acid administration,PCNA labeling index (PCNA-LI) was (22.72?4.33) % and (21.98?5.18) % in the groups treated with 40 mg/kg of NS-398 and indomethacin respectively,which was significantly lower than that in the control group [ (34.46?3.61) %,P

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for quick finding of the absorption ingredients of Paeoniae Radix Alba in order to select the index of quality control.

METHODThe absorption ingredients of three concentration of Paeoniae Radix Alba were investigated with the in vitro-everted intestinal sac (VEIS) model. The intestinal sac fluids of jejunum and ileum were collected in different time and detected by HPLC. The accumulative absorption quantity of albiflorin and paeoniflorin were calculated, respectively.

RESULTFive ingredients could be detected. In different concentrations of Paeoniae Radix Alba, albiflorin and paeoniflorin in various intestinal sections were the linear absorption (R2 > 0.9), conformed to the zero order absorption rate. The values of Ka in the jejunum and ileum were increased along with the raised dosage of the Paeoniae Radix Alba (P < 0.05), indicating a passive absorption manner.

CONCLUSIONSEMAC could be used as a tool to find the absorption ingredients of Paeoniae Radix Alba. Compared with the jejunum, the ileum could provide the more absorption information. It was showed that the optimal detecting time was 60 min.

BACKGROUND:In recent years, the application of stem cel s to treat autoimmune diseases has become a hot spot. But, studies on umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cel s transplantation for the treatment of polymyositis/dermatomyositis are rarely reported. OBJECTIVE:To explore the immunologic mechanism of Th cytokines on the occurrence and development of polymyositis/dermatomyositis by observing the changes in serum interferon-γ, interleukin-4 and interleukin-17 in patients after umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cel s transplantation. METHODS:Eighty-one polymyositis/dermatomyositis patients were selected and divided into conventional therapy group (n=44) undergoing glucocorticoid and immunosuppressants therapy and cel transplantation group (n=37) undergoing intravenous infusion of umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cel s at a density of (3.5-5.2 )×107 . Dosing regimen was same in the two groups. After fol ow-up of 1, 3, 6 months, the changes of creatine kinase and myodynamia were evaluated;after fol ow-up of 3 and 6 months, lung imaging was evaluated;in the cel transplantation group, interferon-γ, interleukin-4 and interleukin-17 levels were detected before treatment and at 3 and 6 months after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 1, 3, 6 months after treatment, the creatine kinase level was significantly decreased, and the muscle force grade was significantly increased in both groups (both P<0.001). Compared with the conventional therapy group, the creatine kinase level was lower and the muscle force grade was higher in the cel transplantation group (both P<0.001). Results from lung imaging test showed a remarkable improvement after cel transplantation, and it indicated that umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cel s transplantation had good stability. At 6 months after transplantation, the level of interferon-γwas significantly increased, while the interleukin-4 level was decreased significantly (both P<0.01);at 3, 6 months after cel transplantation, the levels of interleukin-17 were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Levels of interleukin-4 and interleukin-17 were positively correlated with the level of creatine kinase at 6 months after cel transplantation (r=0.467, 0.488, both P<0.05), but there was no obvious correlation between the levels of interferon-γand creatine kinase (r=0.213, P>0.05). These findings indicate umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cel s transplantation combined with glucocorticoid and immunosuppressants therapy can adjust immune network effects and improve the immune tolerance in polymyositis/dermatomyositis patients, which is safe and effective.