The common, particular structure and the arrangement pattern of the retinula in the compound eye of the housefly Musca domestica have been investigated, and the structures of the retinula cells here been compared with an electron microscope under dark, bright and high intensity light adaptation condition.In general, the retinula of the compound eye is composed of eight retinula cells, but some retinula is composed of six, seven, or nine, ten retinula cells.The arrangement pattern of the retinula in the right, left compound eye and dorsal, ventral regions of the compound eye are the mirror image inversion. But the arrangement pattern of some retinula in the dorsal or ventral region is also the mirror image inversion.The greater part of pigment granules in the retinula cells No.1～6 move towards the rhabdomere, the pigment granules in the retinula cells No.7～8 do not move, but the pigment granules in the some retinula cells No.7～8 move towards the rhabdomere under high intensity light adaptation condition.

1. The central retinular cells R_7 in the compound eye of male housefly can be divided into two types which are called here R_(7a) and R_(7b) respectively. R_(7a) approximate many features of R_(1-6) cells, which have a larger, cell body, rhabdomere and axon, terminate in the first optic neuropil (lamina). R_(7b) approximate many features of R_8 cell and project directly to the second optic neuropil (medulla). 2. The central retinular cell R_(7a) in the compound eye of male housefly distribute mainly the dorsal region of the eye, there are a few of R_(7a) in the ventral region of the eye, which only distribute in the first and second row ommatidia under equatorial line, but not found in the compound eye of female housefly.

Objective To study and find the reason and treatment way of severe encephalocele after operation on the brain. Me thods 15 cases who have severe encephalocele were reviewed retrospec tively.Results Among 15 cases, 12 cases have been cured,3 c ases died with severe pulmonary infection.Conclusion The re asons of severe encephalocele are hydrocephalus?cerebral edema and intracranial infection and it is useful to utilize medicine and other ways to lighten hydroc ephalus?cerebral edema and intracranial infection for the patients who have sev ere encephalocele.

Objective To detect the positivity of circulating autoantibodies against cardiac troponin Ⅰ (cTnI) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and myocarditis patients and investigate the interference of the antibodies with the detection of cTnI. Methods cTnI ELISA was established for assessment of sera obtained from 121 patients with AMI, 24 with myocarditis and 210 healthy subjects. Binding specificity of cTnI antibody from positive sera by ELISA was confirmed with Western Blot. The recovery of cTnl studies was employed to evaluating the effects of cTnl autoantibodies on cTnI immunoassays. Results Thirteen of the 121 AMI patients (10.74%) and 2 of the 24 myocarditis patients (8.3%) had positive anti-cTnI antibodyas compared with none in the healthy subjects. The recovery of cTnI by adding cTnI-C fusion proteincorresponding to final cTnI concentration of 0.625-100 ug/L to sample with anti-cTnI antibody wasinhibited significantly (Spearman correlation coefficient r=0.943, P=0.005 ). There was no significantchange of recovery of cTnl when adding it to a normal sera(Spearman correlation coefficient r=0.377,P=0.461). When cTnI-C complex corresponding to 20 ug/L cTnI was added, 5 of the 15 sera with anti-cTnIantibody were found with the inhibition of recovery (<80%). Conclusions Autoantibodies against cTnIwere increasing in patients with AMI and myocarditis, yet it appears that these autoantibodies could interferenegatively with the cTnI immunoassay. Thus, it should be paid more attention to cTnI immunoassays.

Objective To study the expression of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine(TARC)in the kidney of MRL/lpr mice and to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of lupus nephritis.Methods The 24-hour urine protein of 4 MRL/lpr mice of 16 weeks of age and 4 age-and sex-matched BALB/c mice was measured.The expressions of TARC mRNA and protein in the kidneys of MRL/lpr mice and BALB/c mice were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot,respectively.Results The 24-hour urine protein and the expression level of TARC mRNA were significantly higher in MRL/lpr mice than in BALB/c mice(P＜0.05).The expression of TARC protein was detectable only in MRL/lpr mice.Conclusion The expression of TARC increases in the kidney of mice with systemic lupus erythematosus,suggesting that TARC may be involved in lupus nephritis in mice.

[Objective]To investigate the treatment of nonunion after Pilon fracture with fibula approach fixation of tibia and ankle joint fixation and its clinical efficacy.[Method]Six cases of nonunion after Pilon fracture were collected from 1999 to 2004,which included 4 males and 2 females,with the average age of 34.7 years(21~53 years).All fractures were found invasion to the tibia-fibula joint and ankle malformation.Fibula and tibia were opened from posterolateral approach and reconstruction plate was placed laterally on the fibula,with screws crossing the fibula into the tibia directly.Autogenous bone graft was used in fracture position and area between tibia and fibula to gain tibia-fibula fusion.[Result]All cases were followed up from 8 months to 4 years with the average of 22 months.Bone fusion were gained in 5 cases with the average time of 3.5 months.Plate broken was found in 1 case for too early weight bearing.[Conclusion]Fibula approach fixation of tibia and ankle joint fixation has advantages of promoting fracture healing,preventing complications,and correction joint malformation.It is a convenient and reliable method for clinical surgeons.

[Objective]To summarize the experience about treatment of segmental and comminuted femoral fractures with intramedullary nail in multiple injuries.[Method]From March 2002 to July 2006,28 patients with segmental and comminuted femoral fractures were treated surgically,13 with AO type C1,9 with C2 and 6 with C3.All of the fractures were treated with close reduction static intramedullary nail fixation.[Result]The postoperative follow-up ranged from 11 to 34 months with an average of 21 months.All of the fractures were healed.Limit load was required for 5 patients who had delayed union without special treatment.After 18-30 months the patients healed up.There were no fat embolisms.No complications such as infection,intramedullary bending or break occurred.[Conclusion]Treatment of femoral fractures with intramedullary nail is a standard method.However,to achieve satisfactory results,comprehensive treatment,careful planning and procedure should be taken for segmental and comminuted femoral fractures in multiple injuries.

Objective To obtain the normal image and sectional anatomical data of the oculomotor nerve and its related arteries with MRI and plastination. Methods The optimal angles and the length of intracisternal segment of the oculomotor nerve were measured on multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) images. Meanwhile, the relationship between the nerve and the basilar artery(BA), posterior cerebral artery(PCA), superior cerebellar artery(SCA) and posterior communicating artery(PCoA) were observed from the plastination slices, the original images, MPR and maximum intensity projections (MIP) images. Results MRI revealed the similar result corresponding to the plastination section in displaying the oculomotor nerve and its related arteries. The length of the intracisternal segment of the nerve was (14 4?2 15) mm and it formed an angle of (69.68?7.15)?with the posterior plane of the brain stem. The angle between the oculomotor nerve and the median sagittal plane was (24 44?4 64)?on the left and (24.44?5.06)?on the right. Shift of the BA was more likely found in aged individuals. Most of the PCA and SCA were close to the nerve,and a few of them compressed it, as for the PCoA, only the embryonic type was close to or compressed the nerve. Conclusion MRI is an accurate imaging technique for determination of the syntopy of the oculomotor nerve to its related arteries.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of whole body vibration training on stroke patients with hemiplegia and its effect on patients'balance function.Methods Eighty-six stroke patients with hemiplegia admitted to the Second Hospital of Jiaxing from June 2017 to December 2018 were divided into control group (43 cases)and observation group (43 cases) by random number table method.The control group received routine training,while the observation group received whole body vibration training on the basis of the control group.Both two groups were treated for 12 weeks.The changes of upper limb motor function,daily living ability and Berg balance scale (BBS)scores before and after intervention were compared between the two groups.Results After intervention,the FMA scores of the control group and the observation group were (37.89 ± 5.34)points and (49.61 ± 5.47)points,respectively,which were higher than before intervention (observation group:t =21.706,control group:t =10.272,all P ＜0.05).The FMA score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (t =10.054,P ＜0.05).The improved Barthel index (MBI) scores of the observation group and the control group were (68.98 ± 7.91)points and(52.15 ± 6.87) points,respectively,which were higher than those before intervention (observation group:t =22.170,control group:t =10.119,all P ＜ 0.05).The MBI score in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (t =10.534,P ＜ 0.05).The BBS scores of the observation group and the control group were (59.98 ±6.47) points and (48.98 ± 3.71) points,respectively,which were higher than those before intervention (observation group:t =20.820,control group:t =13.877,all P ＜0.05).The BBS score in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (t =9.672,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Whole body vibration training has good clinical effect on stroke patients with hemiplegia,and it can improve upper limb motor function,daily living ability and balance function.

Influences of the clock resolution of bandwidth estimator on the accuracy and stability of the packet pair algorithm was analyzed. A mathematic model has been established to reveal the relationship between the result deviation coefficient and the packet size, clock resolution and real bandwidth (value) of the measured route. A bandwidth self-adapting packet pair algorithm was presented based on the mathematic model to reduce the estimation error resulting from the clock resolution and to improve the accuracy and stability of measurement by adjusting the deviation coefficient. Experimental results have verified the validity and stability of the algorithm.