The common, particular structure and the arrangement pattern of the retinula in the compound eye of the housefly Musca domestica have been investigated, and the structures of the retinula cells here been compared with an electron microscope under dark, bright and high intensity light adaptation condition.In general, the retinula of the compound eye is composed of eight retinula cells, but some retinula is composed of six, seven, or nine, ten retinula cells.The arrangement pattern of the retinula in the right, left compound eye and dorsal, ventral regions of the compound eye are the mirror image inversion. But the arrangement pattern of some retinula in the dorsal or ventral region is also the mirror image inversion.The greater part of pigment granules in the retinula cells No.1～6 move towards the rhabdomere, the pigment granules in the retinula cells No.7～8 do not move, but the pigment granules in the some retinula cells No.7～8 move towards the rhabdomere under high intensity light adaptation condition.

1. The central retinular cells R_7 in the compound eye of male housefly can be divided into two types which are called here R_(7a) and R_(7b) respectively. R_(7a) approximate many features of R_(1-6) cells, which have a larger, cell body, rhabdomere and axon, terminate in the first optic neuropil (lamina). R_(7b) approximate many features of R_8 cell and project directly to the second optic neuropil (medulla). 2. The central retinular cell R_(7a) in the compound eye of male housefly distribute mainly the dorsal region of the eye, there are a few of R_(7a) in the ventral region of the eye, which only distribute in the first and second row ommatidia under equatorial line, but not found in the compound eye of female housefly.

Objective To study and find the reason and treatment way of severe encephalocele after operation on the brain. Me thods 15 cases who have severe encephalocele were reviewed retrospec tively.Results Among 15 cases, 12 cases have been cured,3 c ases died with severe pulmonary infection.Conclusion The re asons of severe encephalocele are hydrocephalus?cerebral edema and intracranial infection and it is useful to utilize medicine and other ways to lighten hydroc ephalus?cerebral edema and intracranial infection for the patients who have sev ere encephalocele.

Objective To investigate angiographic manifestations and interventional treatment of renal arteriovenous fistulas. Methods Renal arterial angiographies were performed in 20 patients from multiple hospitals.These patients suffered from repeatedly intermittent hematuria,but ultrasound,KUB,IVU,CT and endoscopy could not contribute to the diagnosis.The angiographic manifestations and treating procedure were analyzed. Results All the 20 cases were diagnosed as renal arteriovenous fistula by means of angiography.According to the image manifestations,these cases were classified into three types:(1)deformed branches and shunt in 11 cases;(2)high discharge shunt without deformed banches in 4;(3)concealed shunt showed by superselective segmental artery angiography but negative by renal artery angiography in 5.All fistulas of the 20 cases were successfully embolized with different materials including gelfoam,sodium morrhuate,ethanol,PVA,TH-glue,coils,etc. Conclusions Superselective renal angiography and embolization are the most important and effective tools for diagnosis and treatment of renal arteriovenous fistula.

[Objective]To summarize the experience about treatment of segmental and comminuted femoral fractures with intramedullary nail in multiple injuries.[Method]From March 2002 to July 2006,28 patients with segmental and comminuted femoral fractures were treated surgically,13 with AO type C1,9 with C2 and 6 with C3.All of the fractures were treated with close reduction static intramedullary nail fixation.[Result]The postoperative follow-up ranged from 11 to 34 months with an average of 21 months.All of the fractures were healed.Limit load was required for 5 patients who had delayed union without special treatment.After 18-30 months the patients healed up.There were no fat embolisms.No complications such as infection,intramedullary bending or break occurred.[Conclusion]Treatment of femoral fractures with intramedullary nail is a standard method.However,to achieve satisfactory results,comprehensive treatment,careful planning and procedure should be taken for segmental and comminuted femoral fractures in multiple injuries.

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between KAI1/CD82 protein expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and invasion and metastasis.MethodsSpecimens from primary hepatocellular carcinoma (155 cases), tumorous emboli (22 cases), intrahepatic satellite metastases (4 cases), extrahepatic metastases (16 cases), and normal livers (5 cases) for which a tissue microarray was constructed and used for immunohistochemical detection of KAI1/CD82 protein expression. ResultsImmunohistochemical analysis of tissue microarrays demonstrated KAI1/CD82 protein expression in 61%(95/155)of the primary HCCs and only in 32%(7/22) of the tumorous emboli ( P

Objective To investigate changes of T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and ascitic fluid in patients with tuberculous peritonitis and explore changes of systemic and local immunological function of patients.Methods The levels of T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and(or) ascitic fluid were detected by flow cytometer in 38 cases of tuberculous peritonitis before and after therapy, 29 cases of cirrhosis of liver complicated with ascites formation and 15 cases of normal subjects as control group.Results ①The levels of T lymphocyte(CD 3 +), helper/inducer T lymphocyte(CD 4 +)and helper T lymphocyte /suppressor T lymphocyte(CD 4 +/CD 8 +)were obviously decreased in patients of tuberculous peritonitis,as compared with normal subjects(P

Objective To investigate the effects of inhibiting ubiquitin-proteasome pathway(UPP) on DNA synthesis and cell cycle in gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901. Methods The SGC-7901 cells were treated with MG-132, a specific inhibitor of UPP. The effect of MG-132 on cells DNA synthesis was assayed by 3 H-thymidine( 3H-TdR)incorporation. Cell cycle was analysed by flow cytometry(FCM). Results After treated with MG-132, DNA synthesis of SGC-7901 cells was significantly inhibited, the ratio of G 0/G 1 phase cells increased, and the ratio of G 2/M phase and S phase cells decreased. Conclusions MG-132 can significantly inhibit DNA synthesis of gastric cancer cells SGC-7901 and induce G 1 blocking. The data indicated that inhibiting UPP may be a new strategy to treat gastric cancer.

Objective To investigate effect of p27kip1 gene transfer mediated by adenovirus vector on the cell cycle of esophageal carcinoma cells. Methods The recombination adenoviral vector carrying p27kip1 gene (Ad-p27kip) was transfected to esophageal carcinoma Eca9706 cells. The effect of p21kip1 gene transfer on the cell growth suppression was measured by MTT method. Expression of p27kip1 was detected by immunocytochemical technique. Cell cycle was analysed by flow cytometry(FCM). Results After Eca9706 cells were transfected with Ad-p27kip1, p27kip1 expression increased, the cell growth was significantly inhibited and the ratio of G 0/G 1 phase cells increased and the cell number of G 2/M and S phases decreased. Conclusion p27kip1 gene transfer mediated by adenovirus can significantly inhibit the growth of esophageal carcinoma cells and cause G 1 phase blocking.

Objective To establish a differently expressed genetic profile in placental tissues of pregnancy induced hypertension(PIH). Method The total RNAs were isolated from the tissues by Trizol and mRNA was purified by Midi Kit. The expression of 17 000 genes in placental tissues of 6 PIH and 5 normoten sive women were evaluated by cDNA array technique. Results Ninety-six differently expressed genes were identified in placental tissue of PIH compared with normal pregnancy cases. Seventy-eight genes were up-regulated and 18 were down-regulated. There were 6 unclassified genes, 8 unknown expressed sequence tag (EST) fragments and 3 cDNA fragments among these differently expressed genes. The differently expressed genes were involved in transcription and translation,cell differentiation,receptor,apoptosis,immune,metabolism and growth. Conclusion The cellular mechanism of PIH involves changes in genes expression in placental tissue. Microarray is a useful method to identify differently expressed genes in tissue.