Objective To observe the effects of shenfu injection (SFI) on the awakening quality of the patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis undergoing splenectomy under general anethesia. Methods Forty patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis and hepatic insufficiency (ASA classⅡ~Ⅲ) underwent splenectomy by general anesthesia. Patients were all sent into the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) shortly after the operation with unconscious and no spontaneously breathing. They were randomly divided into two groups: SFI treatment group (Group SFI, n =20) and normal saline controlled group (Group NSC, n = 20). SFI group were treated with SFI (1 mL/kg, i. v.) in 10 minutes, and NSC group were treated with normal saline (1 mL/kg,i.v.). The time of eyes opening, extubation of tracheal catheter and the detention time of PACU were recorded. The heart rate (HR) and the average artery presses (MAP) were monitored at 4 time points: before SFI and normal saline administration, 5 min, 15 min, and 45 min after administration. The incidence of restlessness during the patients awakening period was also recorded. Results The time of eyes opening, extubation and the detention time of PACU of SFI group show no significant difference compared with the NSC group (P > 0.05). SFI and normal saline intravenous injection did not cause significant changes on HR and MAP at the time of 5 min , 15 min and 45 min compared to the time of before administration (P > 0.05). The incidence of restlessness during the patients resuscitation period in SFI group were lower than in NSC group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Shenfu injection can effectively improve the awakening quality and decrease the incidence of restlessness of the patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis undergoing splenectomy under general anesthesia during the awakening period in PACU.

Objective To determine the accuracy and usefulness of dobutamine stress echocardiography(DSE) in detecting restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods DSE was conducted in 47 patients before coronary angiography, 6 months to 18 months after PCI. The standard protocol of DSE was 5,10,20,30 ?g?kg~(-1)?min~(-1) with subsequent incremental increases every 3 minutes to a maximum dose of 40 ?g?kg~(-1)?min~(-1). Consistency of the results was compared between DSE and coronary angiography.Results Compared with coronary angiographic results, DSE had a low sensitivity(64%) but high specificity(86%) for detection of restenosis after PCI. The total accuracy was 72%. Conclusions DSE can assess restenosis after PCI with lower cost and safety.

Objective To compare the effects of early and long term treatment with captopril on clinical outcome between elder patients (65 75 years old) and younger patients (0 05), 25 patients in elder treatment group and 52 patients in elder control group (9 29% vs 24 41%, relative risk = 0 37, 95% CI 0 29 0 48, P 0 05), and both the elder and younger patients had better survival (all P

The paper gives an account of the new ideas in trauma care and the transition of emergency care of trauma from the traditional model to the modern model,viz.the transition of emergency care of trauma by the emergency department from a paradigm of general practice to a paradigm of specialized care;the transition of trauma physicians training from a paradigm of general practitioners to a paradigm of specialists;and the transition of the flow of emergency care of trauma from a paradigm of "links" to a paradigm of "whole course".Based on the practice of the emergency department of the hospital the authors work with in setting up a quick clinical response mechanism of emergency care of trauma,a mechanism of priority to emergency care of trauma,a hospital-wide linking and coordinating mechanism of emergency care of trauma,a standardized management mechanism of wards for emergency care of trauma,and an operational mechanism of the team of emergency care of trauma,the paper discusses building an integrated model of emergency care of trauma on the basis of the "three links theory" by the emergency department.

Objective To evaluate the role of transeso phageal echocardiography(TEE) before chemical or electric cardioversion for non-vulvular atrial fibrillation. Methods Forty-three patients, confirmed non-vulvular atrial fibrillation, undertook anticoagulation or anti-platelet therapy and transthoracic echocardiography and TEE less than 24-48 hours prior to cardioversion. Results Two thrombi in the left atrial appendage and three spontaneous echo contrasts in the left atrium were evidenced. After anticoagulation or anti-platelet therapy, 39 patients undertook cardioversion therapy. Among them,31 patients received drug cardioversion,success in 19,and failure in 12;8 patients received electric cardioversion,success in 6,and failure in 2. There were no thromboembolic events during the hospitalization. Conclusions TEE performed before cardioversion for atrial fibrillation is necessary to reduce the risks of thromboembolic events and to guide for anticoagulation therapy.

Objective To evaluate the role of intravasc ular ultrasound (IVUS) in determining strategy for coronary artery stenosis of intermediate severity.Methods The study population consisted of 75 patients who had de novo coronary lesions of intermediate severity (40% to 70% diameter stenosis) in coronary angiography. IVUS examination was performed in all patients using standard methodology. Minimal lumen cross-sectional area (MLA) ≤ 4.0- mm 2 or percent area stenosis≥60% were identified as an IVUS index of functionally severe coronary stenosis, and used as an indication of coronary stenting. Major adverse cardiac events (cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction and recurrent angina) and the use of nitrates were recorded during follow-up. Results There were 44 patients (59%) with functional coronary artery stenosis, and all underwent successful coronary stenting. Acute coronary syndromes, soft plaque and positive coronary arterial remodeling were more common compared with the remaining 31 patients (41%) only treated medically. During a mean of (14?7) months of follow-up, there was no cardiac death and acute myocardial infarction. Readmission occurred in 5 patients (11%) due to in-stent restenosis in patients with interventional therapy and 4 patients (13%) due to exacerbation of coronary artery stenosis in patients with medical therapy. The use of nitrates was discontinued in 18(41%) and 14(45%) patients treated with interventional therapy and medical therapy, respectively. Conclusions It is valuable to perform IVUS examination in clinical decision making for intermediate coronary artery stenosis. IVUS criteria of MLA≤ 4.0- mm 2 or area stenosis≥60% may be a reliable index of functional coronary stenosis, determining the therapeutic strategy in patients with intermediate coronary artery stenosis.

The three links theory" refers to the three key links in an emergency medical services system, viz. pre-hospital first-aid system, hospital emergency care system, and the ICU system. The construction of an emergency medical services system in China ought to be guided by the three links theory so as to set up a practical and highly efficient emergency medical services system, an instantly operating monitoring system, a smooth and real-time information system, a rational and long-lasting system of laws and contingency plans, and a system for cultivating universalists. The goal is to build an emergency green passage in the hospital.

Objective　To compare the effects of early and long-term treatment with captopril on clinical outcome between elder patients (65-75 years old) and younger patients (＜ 64 years old) suffering from acute myocardial infarction (AMI). 　Methods　In a randomized trial, 822 patients with a first AMI were treated with captopril at initial dosage of 6.25 mg and adjusted to 25 mg t.i.d according to blood pressure (209 younger patients, 269 elder patients) and conventional treatment (131 younger patients, 213 elder patients). Survival rate of the four groups was calculated with Kaplan-Meier method. 　Results　The survival of treatment group was correlated significantly with age during hospitalization (P=0.0002). Eight patients in younger treatment group and 10 patients in younger control group (3.83% vs 7.63%, P＞0.05), 25 patients in elder treatment group and 52 patients in elder control group (9.29% vs 24.41%, relative risk = 0.37, 95% CI 0.29-0.48, P＜0.0001) were died. During follow-up period, the survival was however not related to the age (P＞0.05), and both the elder and younger patients had better survival (all P＜0.01 ) and lower cardiac events (all P＜0.01) during captopril treatment. 　Conclusions　 Captopril exerts less effect on the younger patients but more effect on the elder patients during hospitalization after AMI. Long-term captopril had no difference between the youngers and the elders in prognosis.

Objective To assess the value of implanting remedial or prophylactic cardioverter defibrillator in patients with Brugada syndrome for protecting from malignant ventricular arrhythmias and to estimate the initial outcomes in one-month follow-up. Methods Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) were implanted in 21 consecutive patients (9 symptomatic and 12 asymptomatic) with Brugada syndrome using standard procedure under general anesthesia. Patients presented the typical ECG changes of Brugada syndrome with or without sodium channel blockers but without structural heart disease in all the cases. Electrophysiological examinations were performed in all patients. Eight asymptomatic patients had spontaneous or induced malignant ventricular arrhythmias and 4 asymptomatic patients had single positive family history. Results Sixteen single chamber ICDs (VVI) and 5 double chamber ICDs (DDD or DDDR) were implanted. The DDD- or DDDR-ICDs were applied for patients with sinus node dysfunction and/or atrioventricular conduction disturbances. Battery/lead status measurements of ICDs were good and met with standards of implantation during the procedure. No complications occurred after ICD implantation and also no changes of various electrophysiological parameters during re-hospitalization in one-month follow-up. There were no events' record of anti-tachycardia pacing or cardiovertion or defibrillation for ventricular arrhythmias in the memory of treatment by ICDs. Conclusions ICDs were implanted successfully with safety in patients with Brugada syndrome showing good function for the initial outcomes in one-month follow-up.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Firebird drug-eluting stent (DES) in the treatment of de novo native coronary artery lesions.Methods 60 patients underwent coronary artery stenting with Firebird DES (Firebird group), 52 patients with Cypher DES (Cypher group) and another 20 patents with Mustang bare stents (Mustang group). The instant and short term follow-up outcomes were compared among the three groups. Results The procedural successful rates (98.3%vs 100.0%vs 100.0%), nitrate cessation (32.1%vs 33.3%vs 29.4% ), re-admission(5.6%vs8.3%vs11.7%) and follow-up rates (88.3%vs 92.3%vs 85.0%) did not significantly differ among the three groups. As compared with Firebird group, patients in Mustang group had more MACE(17.6%vs 0), higher occurrence rates of restenosis(17.6%vs 0) and target vessel revascularization(17.6%vs 0)(P