ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence and relevant factors of visual acuity abnormalities in preschool children undergoing kindergarten entrance physical examinations in Shannan City, Xizang, in 2022, so as to formulate policies for protecting children’s visual acuity and provide a basis for optimizing the children’s health service system in this region. MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted among the children undergoing kindergarten entrance physical examinations in Shannan City in 2022. A diopter examination was performed for these children, and a questionnaire survey was administered to their caregivers. Additionally, factors affecting children’s visual acuity abnormalities were analyzed using the χ² test and binary logistic regression analysis. ResultsA total of 759 children were included in the analysis, with an incidence rate for visual acuity abnormalities of 11.20%. Univariate analysis showed that statistically significant differences were observed in the incidence rate for visual acuity abnormalities among preschool children in terms of different family monthly income (χ²=17.395, P<0.001), father’s education level (χ²=5.133, P=0.023), postnatal vitamin A and D supplementation (χ²=9.575, P=0.008), and feeding method within the first 6 months after birth (χ²=9.330, P=0.009). Multivariate analysis results indicated that family monthly income <5 000 yuan (OR=2.599, P=0.003), insufficient postnatal vitamin A and D supplementation (OR=1.912, P=0.011), and formula feeding (OR=2.131, P=0.010) were relevant factors for abnormal visual development in children. ConclusionThe incidence of visual acuity abnormalities in preschool children in Shannan City is slightly higher than that previously reported in other regions of Xizang. The occurrence of visual acuity abnormalities in children is related to factors such as family monthly income, postnatal vitamin A and D supplementation, and feeding method within the first 6 months after birth. Future interventions should be strengthened on the promotion and dissemination of knowledge related to eye use, such as improve parental awareness of eye care, promote timely vitamin A and D supplementation and encourage breast feeding for children after birth, more specifically, attentions need to be focused on the visual acuity problems of children from low-income families to safeguard the visual health in preschool children in Shannan City, Xizang.

OBJECTIVE: Serological and molecular biological analysis of a B(A) subtype family was carried out to explore the underlying mechanism of B(A) subtype and clinical safe blood transfusion strategies. METHODS: The ABO blood type of the proband and her four family members were identified by serological methods, and serological experiments such as anti-H, anti-A1 and absorption-elution tests was added. In addition, the exons 6 and 7 of the ABO gene were sequenced by PCR-SSP (polymerase chain reaction - sequence specific primer). RESULTS: The serological results showed that the agglutination intensity of the proband, her mother and her maternal grandmother was imbalanced during forward typing, showing weak A and strong B antigens, and there were strong H antigens and their intensity were higher than that of normal B type. The results of reverse typing indicated the presence of weak anti-A1 antibodies, and human anti-A was positive in the absorption-elution test. Genetic sequencing revealed a characteristic mutation of c.700 C>G in all three individuals. The sequencing results showed that the proband was B(A)02/B01, her mother was B(A)02/O02, and her maternal grandmother was B(A)02/O01 . According to the compatibility principle, 1.5 units of type O washed red blood cells were transfused intraoperatively, resulting in no adverse reactions. CONCLUSION The c.700 C > G mutation on exon 7 is the molecular basis for the formation of B(A)02, and pedigree analysis shows that the B(A)02 allele was inherited from the proband's maternal grandmother to the proband's mother and then to the proband, showing a stable cis-inheritance pattern rather than a spontaneous mutation. For patients with B(A)02 subtype, type O washed red blood cells and type AB plasma can be transfused according to the principle of compatibility.
Humans ; ABO Blood-Group System/genetics* ; Female ; Blood Transfusion ; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching ; Pedigree ; Male ; Mutation ; Adult ; Exons

OBJECTIVES: To develop risk prediction models for postoperative hypothermia after transurethral holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) using machine learning algorithms. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 403 patients from our center (283 patients in the training set and 120in the internal validation set) and 120 patients from Weifang People's Hospital (as the external validation set). The risk prediction models were built using logistic regression, decision tree and support vector machine (SVM), and model performance was evaluated in terms of accuracy, recall, precision, F1 score and AUC. RESULTS: Operation duration, prostate weight, intraoperative irrigation volume, and being underweight were identified as the predictors of postoperative hypothermia following HoLEP. Among the 3 algorithms, SVM showed the best precision rate and accuracy in all the 3 data sets and the best area under the ROC (AUC) in the training set and validation set, followed by logistic regression, which had a similar AUC in the two data sets. SVM outperformed logistic regression and decision tree models in the validation set in precision, accuracy, recall, F1 score, and AUC, and performed well in the external validation set with better precision rate and accuracy than logistic regression and decision tree models but slightly lower recall rate, F1 index, and AUC value than the decision tree model. SVM outperformed logistic regression and decision tree models in precision, accuracy, F1 score, and AUC in the training set, but had slightly lower recall rate than the decision tree. CONCLUSIONS Among the 3 models, SVM has the best performance and generalizability for predicting post-HoLEP hypothermia risk to provide support for clinical decisions.
Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Machine Learning ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate/adverse effects* ; Hypothermia/etiology* ; Prostatic Hyperplasia/surgery* ; Algorithms ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Risk Assessment ; Postoperative Complications ; Decision Trees ; Logistic Models ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Support Vector Machine

Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) poses a significant risk of neural damage during pregnancy. As the most prevalent intrauterine infectious agent in low- and middle-income countries, HCMV disrupts the development of neural stem cells, leading to fetal malformations and abnormal structural and physiological functions in the fetal brain. This review summarizes the current understanding of how HCMV infection dysregulates the Wnt signaling pathway to induce fetal malformations and discusses current management strategies.
Humans ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/virology* ; Wnt Signaling Pathway ; Pregnancy ; Female ; Cytomegalovirus/physiology* ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology* ; Congenital Abnormalities/virology* ; Animals

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the potential mediating role of plasma phosphorylated tau217 (p-tau217) in the association between periodontitis and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS: In this case-control study, patients diagnosed with MCI in the Neurology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University from November 2023 to May 2024 were selected as the case group (MCI group). Cognitively normal (CN) volunteers, matched for age and education level and recruited from the physical examination center during the same period, served as the control group (CN group). The general demographic data of the study participants were collected. The Beijing versions of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), clinical dementia rating (CDR), and activities of daily living scale (ADL) were used to assess neuropsychological functions. Clinical periodontal examinations were conducted, the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) was calculated, and the periodontitis stage was determined in accordance with the 2018 classification. Fasting elbow venous blood samples were collected in the morning, and blood biochemical indicators were measured. Plasma p-tau217 levels were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analyses were performed using t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, partial correlation analysis, multivariate Logistic regression analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression analysis, and mediation effect analysis. RESULTS: Among the 192 participants, 96 belong to the MCI group and 96 to the CN group. The prevalence of periodontitis was 63.5% in the MCI group and 43.8% in the CN group, with a statistically significant difference (χ²=7.561, P=0.006). The plasma p-tau217 levels in the MCI group were significantly higher than those in the CN group [7.00 (4.27-9.65) ng/mL versus 2.02 (0.80-3.81) ng/mL, Z=-8.108, P<0.001]. Partial correlation analysis revealed that plasma p-tau217 levels were positively correlated with all the clinical periodontal indices (all P<0.001). After adjustments for baseline covariates, multivariate Logistic regression indicated that periodontitis was an independent risk factor for MCI. Patients with periodontitis had a 1.977-fold higher MCI risk than those without periodontitis (OR=1.977, 95%CI: 1.088-3.594, P=0.025). Moreover, the MCI risk for stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ periodontitis and stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ periodontitis was 1.878 times (OR=1.878, 95%CI: 1.029-3.425, P=0.040) and 2.625 times (OR=2.625, 95%CI: 1.073-6.246, P=0.035) higher than that for patients without periodontitis, respectively. Trend test showed that the MCI risk increased with periodontitis severity (P_trend=0.016). After adjustments for baseline covariates, multiple linear regression analysis showed that periodontitis was an independent risk factor for increased plasma p-tau217 levels (β=3.309, 95%CI: 2.363-4.254, P<0.001). Compared with patients without periodontitis, those with stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ periodontitis (β=1.838, 95%CI: 0.869-2.806, P<0.001) and stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ periodontitis (β=5.539, 95%CI: 4.442-6.636, P<0.001) had significantly higher plasma p-tau217 levels. In addition, trend test indicated that plasma p-tau217 levels increased with periodontitis severity (P_trend<0.001). After adjustments for baseline covariates, RCS regression analysis further revealed that PISA had a positive linear dose-response relationship with MCI risk (P_overall=0.002, P_nonlinear=0.344) and plasma p-tau217 levels (P_overall<0.001, P_nonlinear=0.140). After adjustments for baseline covariates, mediation analysis showed that plasma p-tau217 mediated the association between periodontitis and MCI, with a mediation proportion of 13.99% (95% Bootstrap CI: 0.38%-49.39%, P=0.038). CONCLUSIONS Periodontitis was independently positively associated with MCI risk, and plasma p-tau217 plays a mediating role in this association.
Humans ; Cognitive Dysfunction/complications* ; tau Proteins/blood* ; Periodontitis/complications* ; Case-Control Studies ; Male ; Female ; Phosphorylation ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Activities of Daily Living

【Objective】 To study the molecular mechanism of 95 samples of serological ABO subtypes. 【Methods】 A total of 95 samples with discrepancy between forward and reverse blood grouping were subjected to serological confirmation, and genotyped by polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). For those subtype alleles could not be detected by PCR-SSP, ABO gene exon 1-7 sequencing and gene single strand sequencing were performed successively to determine the mutation site and the gene location. 【Results】 A total of 34 ABO alleles were detected in 95 samples. Five common ABO alleles (ABO^*A1.01, ABO^*A1.02, ABO^*B.01, ABO^*O.01.01 and ABO^*O.01.02) and 29 rare ABO alleles were identified, including 16 named alleles by ISBT (ABO^*A2.01, ABO^*A2.05, ABO^*A2.13, ABO^*A3.07, ABO^*AW.37, ABO^*AEL.05, ABO^*B3.01, ABO^*B3.05, ABO^*BW.03, ABO^*BW.07, ABO^*BW.27, ABO^*BEL.03, ABO^*cisAB.01, ABO^*cisAB.05, ABO^*BA.02, ABO^*BA.04) and 5 named alleles by dbRBC(A223, B309, Bw37, Bel09, Bw40)and eight unnamed alleles [ABO^*B.01+ 978C>A, ABO^*A1.02+ 248A>T, ABO^*B.01+ 125dupT, ABO^*B.01+ (98+ 1G>A), ABO^*A1.02/ABO^*B.01+ 1A>G, ABO^*A1.02/ABO^*O.01.01+ 28G>T, ABO^*A1.02/ABO^*B.01+ 538C>T, ABO^*A1.02/ABO^*O.01.01+ 797insT] .The last four samples could not be verified by single strand because of insufficient samples. In 95 samples, 76 samples (21 named alleles of ISBT and dbRBC) were identified by PCR-SSP, and the remaining 19 samples were identified by exon 1-7 sequencing of ABO gene, of which 8 were identified as unnamed alleles, and the remaining 11 samples were not identified as subtype alleles. 【Conclusion】 The molecular genetic mechanism of 95 serological ABO subtypes was revealed, and 8 rare novel alleles were identified. The detection of ambiguous blood groups is influenced by factors such as patient pathology and physiology, therefore the combination of serological testing and genetic testing is suggested for the identification of ABO subtype.

OBJECTIVE To explore the characteristics of adverse drug reaction （ADR） induced by semaglutide and provide a reference for clinically safe medication. METHODS Using search terms such as “semaglutide” and “adverse reactions” in both Chinese and English， the case reports about ADRs caused by semaglutide were searched and analyzed from PubMed， Web of Science， SpringerLink， CNKI， Chinese Medical Journal Full-text Database， Wanfang Medical Network and VMIS. RESULTS Overall 14 literature were included， involving 17 patients. Among 17 patients， 9 were female and 8 were male， with the age ranging from 25 to 80 years. Eight patients were given two or more drugs， and eight patients took 0.25 mg as the initial dose； the ADR occurred most frequently within 6 months （94.12%）. Sixteen patients’ symptoms improved or recovered after drug withdrawal and symptomatic treatment. Eleven patients did not mention whether to continue to use semaglutide in the future. Nine patients underwent ADR correlation evaluation， and 1， 3， 1 and 4 cases were determined to be “definite”，“ probable”，“ possible”， and “doubtful” respectively. Semaglutide-induced ADRs involved multiple organs or systems， most of which were the digestive system （35.29%）， followed by skin tissue （29.41%）. Among them， acute gastric dilation， severe liver injury， calculous cholecystitis， bullous pemphigoid， eosinophilic fasciitis， acute kidney injury， acute interstitial nephritis， depression and acute hemolytic anemia were not mentioned in the instruction. CONCLUSIONS ADRs caused by semaglutide can occur in all ages， mainly within 6 months after medication， and mainly involve the digestive system， skin tissue， etc. Great attention should be paid to pharmaceutical care for those patients with liver and kidney dysfunction， neuropsychiatric diseases， glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency， etc. When ADR occurs， drug withdrawal and symptomatic treatment should be performed promptly to ensure patients’ medication safety.