The incidence of pancreatic cancer is gradually increasing worldwide. The overall 5-year survival rate of pancreatic cancer is about 5%, because the early diagnosis is difficult and the radical resection rate is low in pancreatic cancer. The keys of improving the poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer are early diagnosis and radical resection. Detection of serum tumor markers has an important utility in the diagnosis, prognosis and surveillance of pancreatic cancer. CA19-9 is the most widely used and best validated serum tumor marker for pancreatic cancer although it has some limits. With the development of molecular biological techniques in recent years, several potential serum tumor markers for pancreatic cancer are undergoing evaltation, including MIC- 1, M2- PK, OPN, RCAS1, and so on. This paper is to review the current status of serum tumor markers of pancreatic cancer.

Objective To investigate the effects of moderate hypothermia on the permeability of alveolar capillary membrane in acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) .Methods Thirty-four adult male SD rats weighing 300-350g were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (n = 8) ; LPS group (n = 10); hypothermia group (n = 8) and LPS + hypothermia group (n = 8) . The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal (i.p.) 1% pentobarbital 30 mg?kg-1, intubated and mechanically ventilated (RR 80 bpm, VT 20 ml?kg-1, I: E 1:2) . Right external jugular vein and left carotid artery were cannulated for BP and CVP monitoring and blood sampling. ALI was induced by LPS 1.0 mg?kg-1 i.p. and 16h later, intratracheal instillation of LPS 1.5 mg?kg-1. ALI was considered established when PaO2/FiO2 ≤300. Hypothermia was induced by surface cooling. Body T0 was reduced to 32.5-33.0℃. In control and hypothermia groups normal saline was given instead of LPS. Arterial blood samples were taken for blood gas analysis and MAP and CVP were recorded before (T0, baseline) and 1, 2, 3, 4 h after ALI (T1-4) . At the end of experiment (4h after ALI was established) the animals were killed by exsanguination. The lungs were removed. Lung lavage was performed and the concentration of albumin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), the left lung wet/dry weight ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of lung tissue were measured. Lung tissue was also taken for histologic examination by transmission electron microscopy.Results There was no significant difference in hemodynamics among the 4 groups. PaO2/FiO2 and PaCO2 remained unchanged in the control group and hypothermia group. PaO2 /FiO2 was significantly decreased and PaCO2 was significantly increased as compared to the baseline values (T0) in LPS group (P

Objective To investigate the roles of nitric oxide and caspase 3 in PC12 cell apoptosis induced by rotenone. Methods The acute injury effect of rotenone on PC12 cells and viability of the PC12 cells were detected by MTT assay. Nitrite (NO 2 -) was quantified by Greiss reaction. The activity of caspase 3 and the cell apoptosis were detected by fluoremetry and agarose gel electrophoresis, respectively. Results The MTT colorimetry indicated that PC12 cell viability reached a peak at 7 d after passage. L NAME at the concentration of 100 ?mol/L showed the strongest protective effect for PC12 cell in the four different doses. Rotenone also induced the formation of DNA ladder in PC12 cells. Additionally, the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L NAME inhibited the activity of caspase 3 protease. L NAME also inhibited the production of nitric oxide induced by rotenone. Conclusion Nitric oxide and caspase 3 are involved in the process of PC12 cell apoptosis induced by rotenone.

BACKGROUND:There is controversial in choosing the treatment method for the treatment of traumatic subaxial cervical fracture-dislocation and spinal cord injury.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical effect of implant internal fixation and Halo-vest external fixation on the stability after treatment of subaxial cervical fracture-dislocation.
METHODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 17 patients with subaxial cervical fracture-dislocation in the Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical Col ege between January 2009 to December 2011, including 13 male patients and 4 female patients, the age was ranged from 21-65 years, average 41.6 years. There were six cases of high fal ing injury, three cases of crush injury and eight cases of traffic accident injury. The hospitalization time after injury was 2 hours to 5 days, average 2.5 days. Al the patients received Halo-vest external fixation under local anesthesia, then distraction gradual y, and received anterior decompression graft and titanium screw fixation under reduction. The treatment effect was evaluated
through Frankel classification and imaging examination.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al the patients were fol owed-up for 12-24 months, average 15.4 months. Normal anteraposterior X-ray film showed fracture reduction, the cervical vertebra restored to the normal
sequence and physiological curvature;CT showed graft fusion without internal fixation fracture and loosing;
according to Frankel classification, marked effect (decreased for 2 grade) in five cases, effective (decreased for 1
grade) in 10 cases, and ineffective in two cases. Implant internal fixation combined with Halo-vest external fixation is safe and reliable in the instability fixation of subaxial cervical fracture-dislocation, and can better restore the spinal sagittal alignment.

OBJECTIVE:To study the dermal pharmacokinetic difference of triptolide in normal and diabetic rats,and to pro-vide reference for rational drug use in the clinic. METHODS:12 Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group and diabetic model group(0.1%streptozotocin intraperitoneally),with 6 rats in each group. Both group were given Triptolide cream 0.5 g to ab-dominal skin,and dialysate was collected by microdialysis every 30 min for consecutive 12 h. Subcutaneous concentration was de-tected by HPLC-MS,and subcutaneous concentration-time curves were analyzed and compared between two groups,and Winnon-lin 5.0.1 software was used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters. RESULTS:The pharmacokinetic parameters of normal group and diabetic model group were that cmax were(1.54±0.37)and(5.12±1.34)μg/ml;tmax were(7.32±0.24)and(6.21±0.35)h;AUC0-12 h were (12.65 ± 4.64) and (37.43 ± 5.23)μg·h/ml,with statistical significance (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The change of dermal structure caused by diabetes can increase percutaneous penetration amount of triptolide in rats,and drug dosage should be reduced according to circumstances so as to reduce side effects.

The basic principle,characters and applications of I 2 C bus protocol are introduced in this paper.Its application to implantable e lectrical stimulator is also described based on MAX5630,a DAC chip produced by M AXIM Corporation.

AIM: To study the effect of mild hypothermia on energy metabolism and hydroxyl radical production as well as delayed neuronal death (DND) in hippocampus during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in gerbils. METHODS: Forebrain ischemia was induced by occluding bilateral common carotid arteries with aneurysm clamps for 10 min in gerbils. The DND in hippocampal CA1 sector was assessed by histological examination, and hydroxyl radical, ATP (adenosine triphosphate), ADP (adenosine diphosphate),AMP (adenosine monophosphate) levels were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical or ultraviolet detection. RESULTS: The number of survival neuronal in hippocampal CA1 sector in mild hypothermia + I/R group was more than that in I/R group after ischemia/reperfusion 96 h. The content of 2,3-DHBA (2,3- dihydroxybenzoic acid) in hippocampus in I/R group was much higher than those in sham operation and mild hypothermia + I/R group after reperfusion 6 h (P

Objective To observe the correlation of estrogen,fasting insulin(FINS),fasting plasma glucose (FPG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),blood lipids and carotid arteries -membrane thickening(IMT)in the postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.Methods 63 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes were divided into normal IMT group(group A),IMT thickening group(group B),plaque group(group C)according to the vascular ultrasound carotid artery intima thickness,at the same time 15 cases of healthy physical examination as control group (group D).All of the groups were detected the plasma total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),fasting insulin(FINS),fasting plasma glucose(FPG),gly-cosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),estradiol(E2).Results Compared with group A,the levels of FINS,IR,HbA1c,TC,LDL-C in group C was higher(t=16.83,14.44,2.50,2.38,2.42,all P<0.01 or P<0.05),however,the results of E2,HDL-C was decreased(t=7.32,5.51,all P<0.01).The levels of FINS,HbA1c,TC,LDL-C,FSH,IR in group D was lower than those of group C(t=19.74,36.44,8.64,7.95, 27.13,6.71,all P<0.01),On the contrast,the levels of HDL-C,E2 were elevated(t=11.34,8.72,all P<0.01). The Pearson's correlation analysis showed that E2 had negative correlation with FINS,IR,TC,LDL-C (P<0.01 or P<0.05).E2 had positive correlation with HDL-C(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that IMT and FINS,IR,HbA1c,LDL-C were positively correlated(OR=2.94,72.63,27.30,98.18,all P<0.01),while nega-tively correlated with E2 levels(OR=2.94,P<0.01).Conclusion The increased level of estrogen was a protective factor of carotid artery atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.

Objective To establish a UV method of determination of adenosine in Ligia exotica. Methods Adenosine was extracted with 37℃ water and separated by TLC silica gel, the absorbance was detected at 260nm with UV spectrophotometry.Results The cabibration curve for adenosion was linear within the range of 1.0~20.0?g?mL -1, r=0.9998 (n=6), the average recovery was 99.3%,RSD=1.9% (n=3). Conclusion The method was simple, convenient and accurate for determination of adenosine in Ligia exotica.

ObjectiveTo evaluate CT and MRI findings of the intrathoracic ganglioneuroma and to improve its diagnosis and differential diagnosis ability.MethodsClinical,CT( n = 14),MRI (n = 6) and pathology manifestations of 20 patients with the intrathoracic ganglioneuroma were retrospectively analyzed.All 20 cases had chest CT and MRI plain scanning and multiphase enhance scanning before operation.ResultsSeventeen of 20 lesions were located in posterior mediastinum,2 in pleura side and 1 in right thorax cavity.The CT value of the plain scans ranged from 20 to 40 HU ( mean 30.5 HU),Tubercle calcification were detected in four masses,one case with fat density was showed on CT scanning.After injecting contrast media,CT value ranged from 0 to 12 HU (mean 6.2 HU) in artery phase,ranging from 10 to 20 HU ( mean 14.3 HU) in delay phase.Five of 6 cases of MRI signals were homogeneously low intensity on T1 WI,1 case with fat signal was imhomogeneously low intensity on T1WI.Six cases were imhomogeneously high intensity on T2WI.A whorled appearance was visualized in one tumor on T2WI.The post-contrast enhancement MR images was slight enhancement imhomogeneously in artery phase and gradual increasing enhancement in delay phase.ConclusionOn CT and MR imaging,no enhancement or slight enhancement in artery phase and gradual increasing enhancement in delay phase are characteristic manifestations of ganglioneuroma in the thorax.