Objective To investigate the change of S-100B in serum in rats at varions times after exposure to different whole-brain irradiation doses and to explore the characteristics of the S-100B change in early radiation-induced brain injuries. Methods A model of brain radlation-induced injuries was estabhshed in the rat after whole-brain irradiation with a single dose of 2, 10, or 30 Gy of 4 MeV electron. The concentration of S-100B in serum was detected by means of enzyme-linked immunoserbent assay (ELISA) at different time points (1,6,12,24,3 days, 1 week, 1 month) after exposure. Results In terms of measuring time points, the serum concentration in all groups reached the fwst peak 6 hours after irradiation, declined after 12 hours, rose again after 24 hours, and started to decline again until the last time point (1 month), with the exception of the 2 Gy group, which reached the second peak at 3 days after irradiation. Conclusions The S-100B serum concentration was changed in the rats after whale-brain irradiation and these changes are positively related to the irradiation amount. It seems that the higher the dose, the higher the serum concentration and the differences between the dose groups are significant (via multiple regression models). The S-100B may be a valuable serum marker for the brain irradiation injury.

The value of surgery in the diabetes mellitus treatment receives much attention in the medical field,however,Chinese metabolic surgeons adopt the surgical experience from surgeries for morbid obesity in western countries.There are many controversies on the operative indication,operation method and postoperative follow-up of surgery for diabetes mellitus with low body mass index (BMI).Our nation has a large number of patients with diabetes mellitus and low BMI,in which uncheckedoperative indication,unstandard operation method and non-systematic follow-up are common problems.It has profound significance to investigate operative indication,operation method and efficacy evaluation for patients with diabetes mellitus and low BMI.

Eighty elderly patients undergoing elective resection for the prostate were randomly divided into two groups, the levobupivacaine (observe group) and bupivacaine (control group) were used for spinal anesthesia, respectively. The level of sensory block and maintain time were T7±4 and (224 ±28) min in observed group, those in control group were T6±3 and (227 ±30) min, respectively ( both P＞ 0. 05). The mean arterial blood pressure of control group was (71 ±8) -(72 ±8) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0. 133 kPa) from 5 to 30 min after injection; meanwhile that of observed group was(75 ± 9) mm Hg (P ＜ 0. 05). The incidences of hypotension and nausea were 10% (4/40) and 0% (0/40) respectively in observe group, and those were 30% (12/40) and 15% (6/40) respectively in control group (both P＜0.05). The results indicate that levobupivacaine and bupivacaine have similar anesthetic effects, but levobupivacaine has fewer side effects and is more suitable for elderly patients.

Despite the progress in the comprehensive management of colorectal cancer,locally advanced (T3 and T4 stages) and metastatic colorectal cancer is still a challenging problem.Although researches on neoadjuvant therapy and targeted therapy have obtained many encouraging results,many unanswered questions still remain.These include the indication of multivisceral resection for locally advanced colorectal cancer,the optimal management of patients with hepatic and (or) pulmonary metastasis.R0 resection was the first choice for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer,but it is only suitable for selected patients.Chemotherapy and targeted therapy are effective in converting some unresectable liver metastasis into resectable disease.This review focuses on recent improvements in the management of locally advanced colorectal cancer,as well as the management of hepatic and (or) pulmonary metastasis.

Objective To assess the efficacy of submucosal injection of thiotepa for the prevention of recurrence of superficial bladder cancer. Methods Sixty-six patients with superficial bladder cancer were chosen, they were randomly divided into injection group(33 cases)and control group(33 cases). In injection group, 33 patients had submucosal injection of thiotepa, after 30 minutes resection of bladder tumor were treated by PKRBt, after one week, they were given perfusion 27 mg BCG. In control group, 33 patients after the PKRBt were given perfusion BCG. Results The recurrence rate in injection group was 15.2%, and that of the control group was 27.3%. There was significant difference between the twO group (P<0.05). Con-clusions The submucosal injection of thiotepa , PKRBt and perfusion BCG could prevent tumor recur-rence,it has the following advantage,such as simple , safe, less side effect ,more economical. The submu-cosal injection is a practical method to prevent tumor recurrence and is worth popularizing.

Three patients with carotid body tumor were treated by surgery in our department from 1994 to 1998. There were 3 females with age from 23 to 40 years old. Among 3 cases, 2 cases were misdiagnosis as neurilemmoma before operation. The size of tumor was 2.5×2.5cm in 1, 3.0×3.0cm in 2. The treatment methods were surgery alone in 2, combined radiotherapy in 1. All patients were cured who had not serious complications. We think that the three symptoms of carotid body tumor are important bases for diagnosis on this disease. However, color B ultrasonography, DSA, CT or MRI also provided informations for useful diagnosis.

Objective To establish a novel flow cytometric crossmatch assay allowing detection of complement-fixing donor specific anti-HLA IgG alloantibodies (Flow cytometry complement-dependent crossmatch,Flow-CDC). Methods One hundred pretransplant crossmatchings were performed using Flow-CDC and NIH-CDC between 62 patients awaiting renal transplantation and 33 donor cells.These crossmatchings were divided into two groups according to PRA.Group 1 consisted of 25 sera with negative PRA,and group 2 consisted of 75 sera with positive PRA.All of the sera were pretreated with DTT to inactivate IgM. Lymphocytes were isolated from peripheral blood (or,in a few instances,from the spleen) of the cadaveric donors. The correlation between different techniques for detection of donor specific anti-HLA antibodies was evaluated.The effect of both methods on clinical transplantation outcome was observed. Results In group 1,NIH-CDC and Flow-CDC were negative for all 25 sera.In group 2,24 (32.0%) had a positive NIH-CDC,31 (41.3%) had a positive Flow-CDC.There was a significant difference between two methods (?2=5.14, P= 0.016 ).Overall concordance between both tests was 93% with 69 concordant negatives and 24 concordant positives. The correlation coefficient (r) was 0.80.In group 2,5 patients received transplantation. One of them with negative NIH-CDC and positive Flow-CDC suffered from acute rejection after transplantation and lost the graft,and the other patients with negative NIH-CDC and Flow-CDC had good outcome. Conclusions Flow-CDC can detect specifically complement-fixing IgG alloantibodies against donor HLA and is more sensitive than NIH-CDC.Additionally,the computer printouts represent a permanent record of the crossmatch for retrospective review.Flow-CDC may become the standard crossmatch method as a possible alternative to conventional NIH-CDC testing.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of rhBMP-2/collagen composite on bone regeneration during expansion of the interparietal suture in the rats. METHODS: 32 10-week old SD rats were divided into groups consisting of 8 rats each. They were comprised of normal control group, expansion control group and the treatment group, the two treatment groups were covered with atelo-typeⅠcollagen and rhBMP-2/collagen composite on the suture before subjected to the expansion force. The bone regeneration in the interparietal suture was estimated by histological method, the osteocalcin content was measured by radioimmonoassay and the calcium content was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. RESULTS: The bone regeneration was more active in the suture after giving an expanding force than in the suture without any intervention. Even bone bridge was formed in the rhBMP-2/collagen composite group. Both the osteocalcin content and calcium content were much higher in the rhBMP-2/collagen composite group than in other three groups (P

Objective: To evaluaate the effect of pingyangmycin(PYM ) in the treatment of cavernous hemangioma, strawberry hemangioma and mixed hemangioma in the oro-maxillo-facial region. Methods:The medical records of 520 patients with hemangioma in oro-maxillo-facial region between January 1994 and January 2000 were reviewed. Pingyangmycin(

The enrollment of international medical students has been expanding.How to improve the quality of medical education is a key point.To explore a better way and method to improve the quality of the medical teaching for foreign students in China,the preliminary experi-ences of teaching of Clinical Diagnostics for foreign students are reviewed.